LSHEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT (Student Version)
... formed by the union of the sperm and ovum Not long after conception, the zygote begins the processes of duplication and division Duplication: the 23 pairs of chromosomes duplicate to form 2 sets of the genetic code for that individual Division: the cells continually divide themselves, starting by di ...
... formed by the union of the sperm and ovum Not long after conception, the zygote begins the processes of duplication and division Duplication: the 23 pairs of chromosomes duplicate to form 2 sets of the genetic code for that individual Division: the cells continually divide themselves, starting by di ...
Opening Question Bank for Meiosis
... What percentage of genes comes from the father? Is a baby born with a haploid or diploid number of cells? Immediately after fertilization, the united sex cells are referred to as 1. baby, 2. Zygote, or 3. Embryo? The division of body cells is called _________? The division of sex cells is called ___ ...
... What percentage of genes comes from the father? Is a baby born with a haploid or diploid number of cells? Immediately after fertilization, the united sex cells are referred to as 1. baby, 2. Zygote, or 3. Embryo? The division of body cells is called _________? The division of sex cells is called ___ ...
Mendel 2
... Or can result in problems like Down’s Syndrome: extra 21stchromosome -> mental retardation or If part of 5th is missing result is “Cri du Chat” syndrome Sometime a mistake happens in cell division after fertilization, a mistake in MITOSIS ...
... Or can result in problems like Down’s Syndrome: extra 21stchromosome -> mental retardation or If part of 5th is missing result is “Cri du Chat” syndrome Sometime a mistake happens in cell division after fertilization, a mistake in MITOSIS ...
Cell Cycle (Mitosis)
... •Mitosis •Interphase •Prophase •Metaphase •Anaphase •Telophase •Cytokinesis ...
... •Mitosis •Interphase •Prophase •Metaphase •Anaphase •Telophase •Cytokinesis ...
Review for exam 1
... • Autosomal chromosomes are 22 pairs of chromosomes which do not determine gender • Such diseases can be caused by both a dominant or a ...
... • Autosomal chromosomes are 22 pairs of chromosomes which do not determine gender • Such diseases can be caused by both a dominant or a ...
No Slide Title
... People with trisomy have three #21 chromosomes. It is also called Down’s Syndrome. Problems include mental disabilities, short stature, organ problems. ...
... People with trisomy have three #21 chromosomes. It is also called Down’s Syndrome. Problems include mental disabilities, short stature, organ problems. ...
Document
... including sex chromosomes e.g.: humans have 45 active chromosomes (and sometimes Y). Dosage compensation, through Barr Bodies, makes sure That only 1 X is active (even when 2, 3, 4, and more are present) So, with higher multiples of autosomes, but active X # not budging, balance can never be correct ...
... including sex chromosomes e.g.: humans have 45 active chromosomes (and sometimes Y). Dosage compensation, through Barr Bodies, makes sure That only 1 X is active (even when 2, 3, 4, and more are present) So, with higher multiples of autosomes, but active X # not budging, balance can never be correct ...
ANSWER KEY FOR PROBLEM SET #2
... color gene and thus are one solid color. Since female cats have two X chromosomes they can be heterozygous for coat color. Depending on which X is active in a given cell (the other X being an inactive Barr body) coat color patches are possible. A male with a calico coat color pattern would have to b ...
... color gene and thus are one solid color. Since female cats have two X chromosomes they can be heterozygous for coat color. Depending on which X is active in a given cell (the other X being an inactive Barr body) coat color patches are possible. A male with a calico coat color pattern would have to b ...
Mitosis ppt
... Cyclins are proteins (work based on concentration) and Cdk are enzymes (function when phosphorylated and connected to cyclin) and cause action to occur ...
... Cyclins are proteins (work based on concentration) and Cdk are enzymes (function when phosphorylated and connected to cyclin) and cause action to occur ...
meiosis review
... 46=magic number: somatic cells all have 46 chromosomes. N=the number of chromosomes from 1 parent. Diploid=2n, two sets of chromosomes Karyotype= a map of chromosomes in the human body. 23= the “sexy” number Gametes= any reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells.) Haploid= half the number of chromosom ...
... 46=magic number: somatic cells all have 46 chromosomes. N=the number of chromosomes from 1 parent. Diploid=2n, two sets of chromosomes Karyotype= a map of chromosomes in the human body. 23= the “sexy” number Gametes= any reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells.) Haploid= half the number of chromosom ...
Directed Reading 11.2 - Blair Community Schools
... _____________________ 6. The centromeres divide, and the chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell. _____________________ 7. The homologous chromosomes separate. The chromosomes of each pair are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers. The chromatids do not separate at their c ...
... _____________________ 6. The centromeres divide, and the chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell. _____________________ 7. The homologous chromosomes separate. The chromosomes of each pair are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers. The chromatids do not separate at their c ...
S100: Science: a foundation course S100/17: Genetic code Executive Producer: Nat Taylor
... are now beginning to line up. There. Now here’s the same cell again and there’s the equator along which the cell, the chromosomes are aligned. The centromeres divide, though you can’t see that on the photograph, and this stage is called Metaphase. The next stages happen quite quickly. The now separa ...
... are now beginning to line up. There. Now here’s the same cell again and there’s the equator along which the cell, the chromosomes are aligned. The centromeres divide, though you can’t see that on the photograph, and this stage is called Metaphase. The next stages happen quite quickly. The now separa ...
Answered copy of exam 3 (white)
... for pericentric inversions and T for translocations, tell which is/are associated with the following: (In some cases D or A were accepted, but the following were expected:) D (D) Pa, Pi, T ...
... for pericentric inversions and T for translocations, tell which is/are associated with the following: (In some cases D or A were accepted, but the following were expected:) D (D) Pa, Pi, T ...
Project Title: Characterization of new genes mediating exchange of
... This REP grant was funded to pursue two major Aims, involving application of DNA repair assays developed in my lab to identify new genes required to fix broken chromosomes during normal cell growth and also in meiosis. Two graduate students, Rachel Roberts and Jennifer Summers, with some assistance ...
... This REP grant was funded to pursue two major Aims, involving application of DNA repair assays developed in my lab to identify new genes required to fix broken chromosomes during normal cell growth and also in meiosis. Two graduate students, Rachel Roberts and Jennifer Summers, with some assistance ...
Topic 4.1 and 4.2 Chromosomes, Alleles, Meiosis, M
... Address the below Learning Objectives: 4.2.1 State that meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei 4.2.2 Define homologous chromosomes. 1 4.2.3 Outline the process of meiosis, including pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over, followed by two divisions, w ...
... Address the below Learning Objectives: 4.2.1 State that meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei 4.2.2 Define homologous chromosomes. 1 4.2.3 Outline the process of meiosis, including pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over, followed by two divisions, w ...
Prokaryotic cell reproduction Binary Fission
... such as egg and sperm (sex cells) •Meiosis cuts the number of chromosomes in half •Meiosis occurs in gonads •Gonads are reproductive organs (such as ovaries and testes) •2 divisions 1st Meiotic division ...
... such as egg and sperm (sex cells) •Meiosis cuts the number of chromosomes in half •Meiosis occurs in gonads •Gonads are reproductive organs (such as ovaries and testes) •2 divisions 1st Meiotic division ...
Human Genetics Presentations
... IV.Genetic disorders A. Nondisjunction: failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis 1. Normal = 23 chromosomes 2. Abnormal = 22 or 24 ...
... IV.Genetic disorders A. Nondisjunction: failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis 1. Normal = 23 chromosomes 2. Abnormal = 22 or 24 ...
Showing the 3D shape of our chromosomes
... Dr Peter Fraser of The Babraham Institute said: “The image of a chromosome, an X-shaped blob of DNA, is familiar to many but this microscopic portrait of a chromosome actually shows a structure that occurs only transiently in cells – at a point when they are just about to divide. “The vast majority ...
... Dr Peter Fraser of The Babraham Institute said: “The image of a chromosome, an X-shaped blob of DNA, is familiar to many but this microscopic portrait of a chromosome actually shows a structure that occurs only transiently in cells – at a point when they are just about to divide. “The vast majority ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.