Unreduced gamete formation in plants
... the spindles in meiosis II are disturbed, often being parallel (shown) or fused. This results in chromosomes that were separated in the first division being in close physical proximity at the completion of anaphase II and subsequently being contained in a single cell, producing a dyad of diploid cel ...
... the spindles in meiosis II are disturbed, often being parallel (shown) or fused. This results in chromosomes that were separated in the first division being in close physical proximity at the completion of anaphase II and subsequently being contained in a single cell, producing a dyad of diploid cel ...
Genome-wide analysis of DNA copy-number
... 47,XXX, 48,XXXX and 49,XXXXX cell lines were separately labelled with Cy5 (red) and compared with 46,XX DNA labelled with Cy3 (green) using a microarray containing 3,920 autosomal cDNAs (representing 3,725 different genes) and 160 X-chromosomal cDNAs (∼4%, representing 145 different genes); chromoso ...
... 47,XXX, 48,XXXX and 49,XXXXX cell lines were separately labelled with Cy5 (red) and compared with 46,XX DNA labelled with Cy3 (green) using a microarray containing 3,920 autosomal cDNAs (representing 3,725 different genes) and 160 X-chromosomal cDNAs (∼4%, representing 145 different genes); chromoso ...
Consulta: subjectFacets:"5S rDNA" Registros recuperados: 16 Data
... Parodontidae fish show few morphological characteristics for the identification of their representatives and chromosomal analyses have provided reliable features for determining the interrelationships in this family. In this study, the chromosomes of Apareiodon hasemani from the São Francisco River ...
... Parodontidae fish show few morphological characteristics for the identification of their representatives and chromosomal analyses have provided reliable features for determining the interrelationships in this family. In this study, the chromosomes of Apareiodon hasemani from the São Francisco River ...
Genetic Mapping with CAPS Markers
... However, markers for genetic mapping don’t necessarily have to be mutations that cause phenotypic changes. They can also be variations in DNA sequences that are detectable by molecular methods. In Arabidopsis thaliana, molecular markers exploit the natural differences between distinct ecotypes (sub- ...
... However, markers for genetic mapping don’t necessarily have to be mutations that cause phenotypic changes. They can also be variations in DNA sequences that are detectable by molecular methods. In Arabidopsis thaliana, molecular markers exploit the natural differences between distinct ecotypes (sub- ...
Genetics Notes
... I. Heredity is the passing of ___________ traits from _________ parents to __________. offspring A. Hereditary information is contained in ________ genes which are segments of the _____ DNA molecule located in the __________________. chromosome B. Each gene carries a ________ single ________ unit of ...
... I. Heredity is the passing of ___________ traits from _________ parents to __________. offspring A. Hereditary information is contained in ________ genes which are segments of the _____ DNA molecule located in the __________________. chromosome B. Each gene carries a ________ single ________ unit of ...
Familial balanced translocation leading to an offspring
... long philtrum, and small and malformed ears, in agreement with previous descriptions for this syndrome (Alfi et al., 1973; Huret et al., 1988; Calvari et al., 2000; Faas et al., 2007; Barbaro et al., 2009), which is in agreement with Hauge et al. (2008), who described that the minimal deleted region ...
... long philtrum, and small and malformed ears, in agreement with previous descriptions for this syndrome (Alfi et al., 1973; Huret et al., 1988; Calvari et al., 2000; Faas et al., 2007; Barbaro et al., 2009), which is in agreement with Hauge et al. (2008), who described that the minimal deleted region ...
A comparison of methods for haplotype inference
... informativeness, namely biallelic and multiallelic markers. Multiallelic markers are the most informative ones because they present more than two different alleles segregating in the population. The most commonly used multiallelic markers are microsatellites. Microsatellites consist of the repetitio ...
... informativeness, namely biallelic and multiallelic markers. Multiallelic markers are the most informative ones because they present more than two different alleles segregating in the population. The most commonly used multiallelic markers are microsatellites. Microsatellites consist of the repetitio ...
The importance of having two X chromosomes - Neuroscience
... The X chromosome is one of the most unusual chromosomes in mammals, because it is present in different numbers in males and females. There are numerous ramifications of this inherent imbalance. The inequality in genomic dose of X genes is thought to present a major problem [3], but perhaps for only ...
... The X chromosome is one of the most unusual chromosomes in mammals, because it is present in different numbers in males and females. There are numerous ramifications of this inherent imbalance. The inequality in genomic dose of X genes is thought to present a major problem [3], but perhaps for only ...
Genetics Lab: Monohybrid Crosses in Yeast
... In yeast, gametes contain eight chromosomes and diploid cells contain sixteen chromosomes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Baker’s yeast is an ideal organism for studying a complete life cycle because it can be maintained in either the haploid or diploid stages of development, thus making the concept of g ...
... In yeast, gametes contain eight chromosomes and diploid cells contain sixteen chromosomes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Baker’s yeast is an ideal organism for studying a complete life cycle because it can be maintained in either the haploid or diploid stages of development, thus making the concept of g ...
genetic vocab
... A segment of DNA that contains coding for a polypeptide or protein – a unit of hereditary information ...
... A segment of DNA that contains coding for a polypeptide or protein – a unit of hereditary information ...
On the mechanism of Wolbachia
... development aborts when sperm from an infected male fertilize an uninfected egg, due to the loss of improperly condensed paternal chromosomes (a notable exception is found in haplo-diploid arthropods species, where the loss of paternal chromosomes is not lethal but leads to haploid embryos that deve ...
... development aborts when sperm from an infected male fertilize an uninfected egg, due to the loss of improperly condensed paternal chromosomes (a notable exception is found in haplo-diploid arthropods species, where the loss of paternal chromosomes is not lethal but leads to haploid embryos that deve ...
Beaker - Groch Biology
... Tape, glue, or staple each pair of your corresponding chromosomes together to form chromosomes for your child. Each should look like your original chromosome, with the CODE CONTRIBUTED by each parent facing outside. These should also lie flat. ...
... Tape, glue, or staple each pair of your corresponding chromosomes together to form chromosomes for your child. Each should look like your original chromosome, with the CODE CONTRIBUTED by each parent facing outside. These should also lie flat. ...
Gregor Johann Mendel
... expressed, there must be two copies of the allele, i.e., the individual must be homozygous aa tt ...
... expressed, there must be two copies of the allele, i.e., the individual must be homozygous aa tt ...
Slcyt, a Newly Identified Sex-Linked Gene, Has
... generally accepted that no additions to this sex chromosome pair had occurred during its evolution, but that it evolved from a single ancestral autosome that can be identified by its gene content (Filatov 2005), but these new results show that at least part of the X near the PAR has recently been ad ...
... generally accepted that no additions to this sex chromosome pair had occurred during its evolution, but that it evolved from a single ancestral autosome that can be identified by its gene content (Filatov 2005), but these new results show that at least part of the X near the PAR has recently been ad ...
Resolvase OsGEN1 Mediates DNA Repair by
... 2009). The resolution of HJs is crucial for the completion of recombination. In addition, HJs are toxic DNA structures if not processed appropriately because they can interfere with normal chromosome segregation as well as DNA replication. HJs are processed by two major mechanisms. One is through di ...
... 2009). The resolution of HJs is crucial for the completion of recombination. In addition, HJs are toxic DNA structures if not processed appropriately because they can interfere with normal chromosome segregation as well as DNA replication. HJs are processed by two major mechanisms. One is through di ...
The Homologous Drosophila Transcriptional Adaptors ADA2a and
... apoptosis (42). A p53 homolog was recently identified in Drosophila (Dmp53) (10, 25). Although Dmp53 displays low similarity to its human counterpart in its amino acid sequence, structural similarity in the domain structures of human and Drosophila p53 proteins and functional homology between them c ...
... apoptosis (42). A p53 homolog was recently identified in Drosophila (Dmp53) (10, 25). Although Dmp53 displays low similarity to its human counterpart in its amino acid sequence, structural similarity in the domain structures of human and Drosophila p53 proteins and functional homology between them c ...
Y chromosome polymorphisms in medicine
... represents a unique peculiarity of males. Since its ®rst description in 1921 (1), the scienti®c community has been faced with divergent opinions about its role and importance in humans. Due to the abundance of tandemly repeated satellite DNA and the apparent paucity of gene content, the Y chromosome ...
... represents a unique peculiarity of males. Since its ®rst description in 1921 (1), the scienti®c community has been faced with divergent opinions about its role and importance in humans. Due to the abundance of tandemly repeated satellite DNA and the apparent paucity of gene content, the Y chromosome ...
Chapter 7: Genetics Lesson 4: Mutations
... Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few genes. Other genetic disorders are caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes. Genetic Disorders Caused by Mutations Table 7.7 lists several genetic disorders caused by mutations in just one gene. Some of the disorders are caused by mutat ...
... Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few genes. Other genetic disorders are caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes. Genetic Disorders Caused by Mutations Table 7.7 lists several genetic disorders caused by mutations in just one gene. Some of the disorders are caused by mutat ...
Chapter 7: Genetics Lesson 7.4: Mutations
... survive, the individuals are likely to have serious genetic disorders. Table 7.8 lists several genetic disorders that are caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes. Figure 7.44 shows a karyotype for trisomy 21 or Down’s Syndrome. Most chromosomal disorders involve the X chromosome. Look back at the ...
... survive, the individuals are likely to have serious genetic disorders. Table 7.8 lists several genetic disorders that are caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes. Figure 7.44 shows a karyotype for trisomy 21 or Down’s Syndrome. Most chromosomal disorders involve the X chromosome. Look back at the ...
Intriguing evidence of translocations in Discus fish
... the species, most bivalents had two terminal chiasmata. The chromosomal chain (C) reported in diplotene cells of S. aequifasciatus and S. haraldi was probably composed of 20 chromosomal elements, because up to 20 bivalents (II) were found. Although 2n ¼ 20II þ CXX represents the highest pairing degr ...
... the species, most bivalents had two terminal chiasmata. The chromosomal chain (C) reported in diplotene cells of S. aequifasciatus and S. haraldi was probably composed of 20 chromosomal elements, because up to 20 bivalents (II) were found. Although 2n ¼ 20II þ CXX represents the highest pairing degr ...
MB207Jan2010
... chromosomes during meiosis • Chromosome must synapse (pair) in order for chiasmata to form where crossing-over occurs – DNA synapsis: base pairing between complementary strands from 2 DNA molecules – Chiasmata: regions where paired homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis, a c ...
... chromosomes during meiosis • Chromosome must synapse (pair) in order for chiasmata to form where crossing-over occurs – DNA synapsis: base pairing between complementary strands from 2 DNA molecules – Chiasmata: regions where paired homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis, a c ...
PS 2 answers
... However, the disorder can be X-linked dominant, in which case the father would be XaY (if we use the capital letter to indicate the allele that gives the dominant phenotype) and the mother would be XAXa. This would lead to a half of the daughters and a half of the sons being affected. Thus, the prob ...
... However, the disorder can be X-linked dominant, in which case the father would be XaY (if we use the capital letter to indicate the allele that gives the dominant phenotype) and the mother would be XAXa. This would lead to a half of the daughters and a half of the sons being affected. Thus, the prob ...
ExamView Pro - Genetics Final Exam.tst
... d. heterozygous. ____ 19. What does codominance mean in genetics? a. Both alleles are dominant. b. Both alleles are recessive. c. The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. d. Each allele is both dominant and recessive. ____ 20. What is a mutation? a. any change that is harmful to an organism b ...
... d. heterozygous. ____ 19. What does codominance mean in genetics? a. Both alleles are dominant. b. Both alleles are recessive. c. The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. d. Each allele is both dominant and recessive. ____ 20. What is a mutation? a. any change that is harmful to an organism b ...
2013 Student Objectives, numbered for final
... abundance, its role as a solvent for biological molecules, and its polarity, which allows it to dissolve polar molecules, and participate in some reactions. 4. State the four biological macromolecules. Identify the building blocks and explain the function of each. 5. Describe the basic concept of pH ...
... abundance, its role as a solvent for biological molecules, and its polarity, which allows it to dissolve polar molecules, and participate in some reactions. 4. State the four biological macromolecules. Identify the building blocks and explain the function of each. 5. Describe the basic concept of pH ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.