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Human Chromosomes
Human Chromosomes

...  A Picture of chromosomes arranged in rows is a ...
Genetics problems - University of Toronto Mississauga
Genetics problems - University of Toronto Mississauga

... BIO152H 2006 University of Toronto at Mississauga ...
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Unit 6: Genetics and Reproduction

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1. Introduction 2. Fact or Fiction?
1. Introduction 2. Fact or Fiction?

... chromosome: One of 46 molecules of DNA (in 23 pairs) that virtually each cell of the human body contains and that, together, contain all the genes. Other species have more or fewer chromosomes. ...
Cellular Reproduction
Cellular Reproduction

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DNA - Council Rock School District

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CH 6.3-6.5 Mendelian Genetics Class Notes

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Meiosis

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Topic 2 & 3: Genetics Review
Topic 2 & 3: Genetics Review

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Sex Chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes

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Ch.6.2Review - Cobb Learning

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Microsoft Word - Bio VI - Cell Reproduction
Microsoft Word - Bio VI - Cell Reproduction

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Inheritance Patterns_Ch.12_2012 - OCC
Inheritance Patterns_Ch.12_2012 - OCC

... prophase I of meiosis. This process of recombination results in gametes (or meiotic products) that are not identical; some of the linkage groups have been changed by the crossing-over. As a result of recombination, new allele combinations are formed, and we have more genetic variation. ...
Tipp City Schools
Tipp City Schools

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Dominantаннаallele that is always shown in the phenotype, never

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SEX LINKAGE

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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... in the snowy mountains while dark-colored rabbits cannot? a. the light-colored rabbit has no predators in the mountains b. dark-colored rabbits taste better than light-colored rabbits to the wolves c. light-colored rabbits absorb more heat and stay warmer in the winter than the dark-colored rabbits. ...
B4 Revision
B4 Revision

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U Unit: Heredity (Meiosis and Gametogenesis
U Unit: Heredity (Meiosis and Gametogenesis

... homologue. The DNA molecules of one maternal and one paternal chromatid of a homologous pair are broken at the same place and then joined to the other’s DNA. How does crossing-over lead to increased variation in offspring? Since crossing over produces recombinant chromosomes variation is increased i ...
3.2 Chromosomes - Peoria Public Schools
3.2 Chromosomes - Peoria Public Schools

... 3.2.U2 Some prokaryotes also have plasmids but eukaryotes do not. 3.2.U3 Eukaryote chromosomes are linear DNA molecules associated with histone proteins. 3.2.U4 In a eukaryote species there are different chromosomes that carry different genes. 3.2.U5 Homologous chromosomes carry the same sequence of ...
Genetics
Genetics

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Reebops - Kennesaw State University | College of Science and
Reebops - Kennesaw State University | College of Science and

... different types: ones that run the chemical reactions in your body, and ones that will be the structural components of your body. How an organism looks and functions is a result of the cumulative effect of all the molecules. Any organism that has “parents” has an even number of chromosomes, because ...
Name_____________________ Date__________ Class
Name_____________________ Date__________ Class

... to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. is a type of mutation involving the loss of genetic material. It can be small, involving a single missing DNA base pair, or large, involving a piece of a chromosome. any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of DNA molecules at specific s ...
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Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
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