Genetics Powerpoint
... • Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) • Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders, cancer, death Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation Neutral mutations – neither harmful nor helpful ...
... • Mutation – sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA) • Can be : Harmful mutations – organism less able to survive: genetic disorders, cancer, death Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation Neutral mutations – neither harmful nor helpful ...
pea plants
... What is Heredity? Traits Characteristics that are inherited Genetics The branch of biology that studies heredity ...
... What is Heredity? Traits Characteristics that are inherited Genetics The branch of biology that studies heredity ...
CH 9 - Mitosis Regualtion only - Liberty Union High School District
... external signals = “growth” factors How do signals work? ...
... external signals = “growth” factors How do signals work? ...
Chapter 10 Notes (Overhead Version)
... MEIOSIS is the way many organisms produce gametes through a type of cell division where the chromosome number is halved (HAPLOID) Only occurs in eukaryotic cells in phases similar to the phases of mitosis. I. Chromosome Number A. In most organisms, gamete (sex cells) can either be EGG OR SPERM B. Hu ...
... MEIOSIS is the way many organisms produce gametes through a type of cell division where the chromosome number is halved (HAPLOID) Only occurs in eukaryotic cells in phases similar to the phases of mitosis. I. Chromosome Number A. In most organisms, gamete (sex cells) can either be EGG OR SPERM B. Hu ...
Biology 30 Patterns and Probabilities
... exchange pieces of chromosomes. This is a random event and can occur anywhere along a sister chromatid, except near the centromere. Suppose you are studying two genes and crossing over occurs between them then the alleles will end up on separate chromosomes and will therefore migrate into different ...
... exchange pieces of chromosomes. This is a random event and can occur anywhere along a sister chromatid, except near the centromere. Suppose you are studying two genes and crossing over occurs between them then the alleles will end up on separate chromosomes and will therefore migrate into different ...
Mutations PP
... nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring) May occur in gametes (eggs & sperm) and be passed to offspring ...
... nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring) May occur in gametes (eggs & sperm) and be passed to offspring ...
Name Date ______ Period _____
... o Genes determine how a body develops and functions. o When genes are being used, the DNA is stretched out in the form of chromatin so that the information it contains can be used to direct the synthesis of proteins. Cell division o DNA replicates (it makes a copy of itself) o DNA condenses into ch ...
... o Genes determine how a body develops and functions. o When genes are being used, the DNA is stretched out in the form of chromatin so that the information it contains can be used to direct the synthesis of proteins. Cell division o DNA replicates (it makes a copy of itself) o DNA condenses into ch ...
Biology Final Study Guide
... 24. Describe the structure of DNA. Know the names of the 4 DNA bases, and which ones form pairs. Why is the sequence of bases so important? 25. When does DNA copying occur? Relate this to the cell cycle. 26. What is a mutation? Why/how does it have an effect on the whole organism? What does it do to ...
... 24. Describe the structure of DNA. Know the names of the 4 DNA bases, and which ones form pairs. Why is the sequence of bases so important? 25. When does DNA copying occur? Relate this to the cell cycle. 26. What is a mutation? Why/how does it have an effect on the whole organism? What does it do to ...
Ch 15b
... • One syndrome, cri du chat ( cry of the cat ), results from a specific deletion in chromosome 5 – A child born with this syndrome is mentally retarded and has a catlike cry; individuals usually die in infancy or early childhood ...
... • One syndrome, cri du chat ( cry of the cat ), results from a specific deletion in chromosome 5 – A child born with this syndrome is mentally retarded and has a catlike cry; individuals usually die in infancy or early childhood ...
Ch 14-15 Review Questions
... of the individual, the sperm could either contain an X chromosome or it could contain the y chromosome. For the human egg, there would only be one X chromosome if the egg were normal. Explain nondisjunction. “Ideally, the meiotic spindle distributes chromosomes to daughter cells without error. But t ...
... of the individual, the sperm could either contain an X chromosome or it could contain the y chromosome. For the human egg, there would only be one X chromosome if the egg were normal. Explain nondisjunction. “Ideally, the meiotic spindle distributes chromosomes to daughter cells without error. But t ...
THREE MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
... sister chromatids. The result is four haploid gametes. Mitotic cell division produces new cells genetically identical to the parent cell. Meiosis increases genetic variation in the population. Each diploid cell undergoing meiosis can produce 2" different chromosomal combinations, where n is the hapl ...
... sister chromatids. The result is four haploid gametes. Mitotic cell division produces new cells genetically identical to the parent cell. Meiosis increases genetic variation in the population. Each diploid cell undergoing meiosis can produce 2" different chromosomal combinations, where n is the hapl ...
Lecture Test 3 Study Sheet
... begin studying for the test well before the night prior to the examination. Below you will find a series of terms which are found in the text that are important to your understanding of the material. You should be very familiar with all the lecture material presented concerning each entry below; the ...
... begin studying for the test well before the night prior to the examination. Below you will find a series of terms which are found in the text that are important to your understanding of the material. You should be very familiar with all the lecture material presented concerning each entry below; the ...
Characteristics of linked genes
... • Males have only 1 X gene Hemizygous also XY heterogametic • Females XX homogametic • If a male inherits a recessive allele from his mom he will express the trait • Chance of a female inheriting a double dose is much less • It is rare for X & Y to cross over ...
... • Males have only 1 X gene Hemizygous also XY heterogametic • Females XX homogametic • If a male inherits a recessive allele from his mom he will express the trait • Chance of a female inheriting a double dose is much less • It is rare for X & Y to cross over ...
mutation - UMDBIO101SUMMER2012
... – alternative forms of a factor lead to alternative traits – alleles are defined as alternative forms of a factor – appearance is determined by the alleles an individual receives from its parents • the alleles present are the individual’s genotype • the expression of the alleles is the appearance or ...
... – alternative forms of a factor lead to alternative traits – alleles are defined as alternative forms of a factor – appearance is determined by the alleles an individual receives from its parents • the alleles present are the individual’s genotype • the expression of the alleles is the appearance or ...
Basic Biotechnology Review
... • the genes are located along the DNA molecule • chromosomes occur in pairs ...
... • the genes are located along the DNA molecule • chromosomes occur in pairs ...
File - Biology with Radjewski
... o On vs. off o What types of cells have this? o Role of lactose (or allolactose) Lac operon vs. trp operon Genetic Engineering (5 m/c + plasmid mapping) Restriction Enyzmes Sticky ends Hydrogen bonds DNA charge Direction DNA migrates in gel electrophoresis Which sized DNA fragments mov ...
... o On vs. off o What types of cells have this? o Role of lactose (or allolactose) Lac operon vs. trp operon Genetic Engineering (5 m/c + plasmid mapping) Restriction Enyzmes Sticky ends Hydrogen bonds DNA charge Direction DNA migrates in gel electrophoresis Which sized DNA fragments mov ...
MUTATIONS - Valhalla High School
... • There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: – Mutations can be inherited. • Parent to child ...
... • There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: – Mutations can be inherited. • Parent to child ...
So you say you want extra credit…
... 2. complete linkage - Complete linkage describes the inheritance patterns for 2 genes on the same chromosome when the observed frequency for crossover between the loci is zero. 3. Crossing over — exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosome during prophase I ...
... 2. complete linkage - Complete linkage describes the inheritance patterns for 2 genes on the same chromosome when the observed frequency for crossover between the loci is zero. 3. Crossing over — exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosome during prophase I ...
Chapter 01 Lecture PowerPoint
... • Genotype is the combination of alleles found in an organism • Phenotype is the visible expression of the genotype – Wild-type phenotype is the most common or generally accepted standard – Mutant alleles are usually recessive ...
... • Genotype is the combination of alleles found in an organism • Phenotype is the visible expression of the genotype – Wild-type phenotype is the most common or generally accepted standard – Mutant alleles are usually recessive ...
Apple Molecular Biology: Animation 2
... 5. Then complete the review questions on this worksheet using what you learned from the reading and animation. Cloning and Replication A plasmid is a small circular strand of chromosome, and is found in bacteria. Generally, they include some region of DNA that confers antibiotic resistance so any or ...
... 5. Then complete the review questions on this worksheet using what you learned from the reading and animation. Cloning and Replication A plasmid is a small circular strand of chromosome, and is found in bacteria. Generally, they include some region of DNA that confers antibiotic resistance so any or ...
Chapter 10, 11, 12, 13 Review Questions
... offspring would be expected to be hearing? deaf? How could you tell the genotype of this male dog? Also, using Punnett square(s), show how two hearing dogs could produce deaf offspring. 50%/50% for the first cross; two hearing dogs could make a deaf dog if they are both carriers 12. In humans, brown ...
... offspring would be expected to be hearing? deaf? How could you tell the genotype of this male dog? Also, using Punnett square(s), show how two hearing dogs could produce deaf offspring. 50%/50% for the first cross; two hearing dogs could make a deaf dog if they are both carriers 12. In humans, brown ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.