Twenty four-month-old infants` interpretations of
... infants’ dramatic success in word learning has captured special interest within the cognitive sciences. This interest derives largely from the fact that word learning rests upon (at least) three essentially cognitive capacities: infants must identify distinct words from the continuous stream of huma ...
... infants’ dramatic success in word learning has captured special interest within the cognitive sciences. This interest derives largely from the fact that word learning rests upon (at least) three essentially cognitive capacities: infants must identify distinct words from the continuous stream of huma ...
Text Clustering using Semantics
... Pedersen 1997]. These methods consider the document as a bag of words, and do not exploit the relations that may exist between the words. ...
... Pedersen 1997]. These methods consider the document as a bag of words, and do not exploit the relations that may exist between the words. ...
Report 2
... the world, from perceptual information? Or are they inborn and only in a very distant relationship with the “reality”, which contacts the thinking organs (if at all!) only via long axons and unreliable sensory organs? Can an abstract thought be built from sensory experience – or would there rather b ...
... the world, from perceptual information? Or are they inborn and only in a very distant relationship with the “reality”, which contacts the thinking organs (if at all!) only via long axons and unreliable sensory organs? Can an abstract thought be built from sensory experience – or would there rather b ...
Specialization within the ventral stream: The case for the visual word
... Importantly, such overlap between activations to words, objects and faces does not preclude studying the functional contribution of inferior temporal cortex to reading per se. The issue of the nature of the contribution of a given cortical sector to reading (e.g. Is it case-independent? Is it locati ...
... Importantly, such overlap between activations to words, objects and faces does not preclude studying the functional contribution of inferior temporal cortex to reading per se. The issue of the nature of the contribution of a given cortical sector to reading (e.g. Is it case-independent? Is it locati ...
from discrete neuronal ensembles to serial order
... The intervening neurons between sensory and motor neurons in the cortex allow for complex mappings of information patterns between modalities. 2.3. Correlation learning Following earlier similar statements by various researchers, Hebb (1949) postulated “that any two cells or systems of cells that ar ...
... The intervening neurons between sensory and motor neurons in the cortex allow for complex mappings of information patterns between modalities. 2.3. Correlation learning Following earlier similar statements by various researchers, Hebb (1949) postulated “that any two cells or systems of cells that ar ...
What creates a valuable cue? The underestimated importance of a
... Processing (TAP), argues that memories can be defined by the cognitive operations or activity engaged during the initial creation of that memory. Retrieval is facilitated when the earlier cognitive operations are reactivated (Morris et al., 1977). Neuropsychological models states that TAP is a by-pr ...
... Processing (TAP), argues that memories can be defined by the cognitive operations or activity engaged during the initial creation of that memory. Retrieval is facilitated when the earlier cognitive operations are reactivated (Morris et al., 1977). Neuropsychological models states that TAP is a by-pr ...
Words and pictures in the left fusiform gyrus
... of 10 conditions (see Table 1). In addition, the subjects also performed four other tasks which will not be considered here as they have no bearing on the present experiment (results have been presented in Gerlach et al., 2006). Because the purpose of this paper is to examine effects of stimulus typ ...
... of 10 conditions (see Table 1). In addition, the subjects also performed four other tasks which will not be considered here as they have no bearing on the present experiment (results have been presented in Gerlach et al., 2006). Because the purpose of this paper is to examine effects of stimulus typ ...
Semantic ambiguity processing in sentence context: Evidence from
... well as ground next to a river. This phenomenon is referred to as lexical semantic ambiguity. Words with alternative meanings which are spelled identically are also called homographs. Although native speakers encounter ambiguous words very frequently, they usually do not perceive them as ambiguous, ...
... well as ground next to a river. This phenomenon is referred to as lexical semantic ambiguity. Words with alternative meanings which are spelled identically are also called homographs. Although native speakers encounter ambiguous words very frequently, they usually do not perceive them as ambiguous, ...
Reading therapy strengthens top–down
... Sage et al., 2005). However, the maximum reading speeds achievable using this technique are likely to be limited by the patient’s writing speed, and may actively prevent the recovery of the whole-word recognition strategy that affords rapid and efficient reading in skilled readers (Coslett et al., 1 ...
... Sage et al., 2005). However, the maximum reading speeds achievable using this technique are likely to be limited by the patient’s writing speed, and may actively prevent the recovery of the whole-word recognition strategy that affords rapid and efficient reading in skilled readers (Coslett et al., 1 ...
Learning: On the Multiple Facets of a Colloquial Concept
... In everyday life, the term “play” denotes the opposite of “work”—that results from effort and strain. Work in general starts from a clear purpose and guarantees economic survival or even prosperity. Therefore, it is hard, but useful, not always enjoyable, but necessary. On the contrary, play in gene ...
... In everyday life, the term “play” denotes the opposite of “work”—that results from effort and strain. Work in general starts from a clear purpose and guarantees economic survival or even prosperity. Therefore, it is hard, but useful, not always enjoyable, but necessary. On the contrary, play in gene ...
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Current Opinion in Neurobiology Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number:
... One approach is grounded in Bayesian probability theory, which specifies how to update probabilistic beliefs about causal structures in light of new data. Through Bayesian inference one can use observed data to update an estimate of the probability that each of several possible structures accuratel ...
... One approach is grounded in Bayesian probability theory, which specifies how to update probabilistic beliefs about causal structures in light of new data. Through Bayesian inference one can use observed data to update an estimate of the probability that each of several possible structures accuratel ...
Karuza, E. A., Newport, E. L., Aslin, R. N., Starling, S. J., Tivarus
... from the element distributions, and (3) the recognition of statistically coherent (familiar) patterns after they have been learned. In many types of experimental designs using standard analyses, these processes can be difficult to distinguish. The goal of the present study is to provide insights into ...
... from the element distributions, and (3) the recognition of statistically coherent (familiar) patterns after they have been learned. In many types of experimental designs using standard analyses, these processes can be difficult to distinguish. The goal of the present study is to provide insights into ...
The Languages of Neurons: An Analysis of Coding Mechanisms by
... level in the central nervous system (CNS) neural network [7,8]. Since formation of spikes is an energy expensive process, calculated as using 2.2 × 109 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules per spike [9], it has been proposed that AP’s are generated only when required for specific tasks and that ne ...
... level in the central nervous system (CNS) neural network [7,8]. Since formation of spikes is an energy expensive process, calculated as using 2.2 × 109 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules per spike [9], it has been proposed that AP’s are generated only when required for specific tasks and that ne ...
Category-specific Conceptual Processing of
... the face, arm or leg activated fronto-central cortex in a somatotopic fashion (Hauk et al., 2004; Shtyrov et al., 2004), consistent with the claim that sensorimotor cortex processes actionrelated aspects of word meaning (Pulvermüller, 2001, 2005). These results can be explained by the so-called sen ...
... the face, arm or leg activated fronto-central cortex in a somatotopic fashion (Hauk et al., 2004; Shtyrov et al., 2004), consistent with the claim that sensorimotor cortex processes actionrelated aspects of word meaning (Pulvermüller, 2001, 2005). These results can be explained by the so-called sen ...
The Neuropsychology of Reading Disorders
... 6. It is illogical to utilize just one method to calculate a learning disability when research from the neuropsychological literature has documented numerous subtypes of reading disabilities. 7. Discrepancy models are not developmentally sensitive toward different stages of reading at different age ...
... 6. It is illogical to utilize just one method to calculate a learning disability when research from the neuropsychological literature has documented numerous subtypes of reading disabilities. 7. Discrepancy models are not developmentally sensitive toward different stages of reading at different age ...
UNIT-5 - Search
... methods − Learning with complete data − Learning with hidden variable − EM algorithm − Instance based learning − Neural networks − Reinforcement learning − Passive reinforcement learning − Active reinforcement learning − Generalization in reinforcement Learning agent is a performance agent that deci ...
... methods − Learning with complete data − Learning with hidden variable − EM algorithm − Instance based learning − Neural networks − Reinforcement learning − Passive reinforcement learning − Active reinforcement learning − Generalization in reinforcement Learning agent is a performance agent that deci ...
Observational Versus Trial and Error Effects in a - FORTH-ICS
... that code for an action and an object (i.e grasp-ball/push-ball). In the brain, these are coded in separate areas, but we simplify here. Object representation. This module picks out object features to identify objects. In our simple simulation, the only possible object to be recognised is a ball. Th ...
... that code for an action and an object (i.e grasp-ball/push-ball). In the brain, these are coded in separate areas, but we simplify here. Object representation. This module picks out object features to identify objects. In our simple simulation, the only possible object to be recognised is a ball. Th ...
UNIT-5 - Search
... 1. A direct mapping from conditions on the current state to actions. 2. A means to infer relevant properties of the world from the percept sequence. 3. Information about the way the world evolves and about the results of possible actions the agent can take. 4. Utility information indicating the desi ...
... 1. A direct mapping from conditions on the current state to actions. 2. A means to infer relevant properties of the world from the percept sequence. 3. Information about the way the world evolves and about the results of possible actions the agent can take. 4. Utility information indicating the desi ...
The effect of word imagery on priming effect under a preconscious
... 2002; Paivio, 1991]. Indirect evidence on word imagery of the word can be found in studies using concrete versus abstract words. According to the concreteness effect, concrete words are more easily and quickly remembered and recognized than abstract words due to the difference in image ability betwe ...
... 2002; Paivio, 1991]. Indirect evidence on word imagery of the word can be found in studies using concrete versus abstract words. According to the concreteness effect, concrete words are more easily and quickly remembered and recognized than abstract words due to the difference in image ability betwe ...
Localization of Cognitive Operations
... words through reading and listening (6, 7). These efforts have distinguished between a number of internal codes related to the visual, phonological, articulatory, and semantic analysis of a word. Operations at all these levels appear to be involved in understanding a word. This view began with effor ...
... words through reading and listening (6, 7). These efforts have distinguished between a number of internal codes related to the visual, phonological, articulatory, and semantic analysis of a word. Operations at all these levels appear to be involved in understanding a word. This view began with effor ...
Slides - NYU Computation and Cognition Lab
... Building a model of the regularities in environment (i.e., an internal code that captures aspects of the statistics in the world) also captures the prior structure Learning should largely be about deviation from expectations “One can regard the model or map as something automatically help up for com ...
... Building a model of the regularities in environment (i.e., an internal code that captures aspects of the statistics in the world) also captures the prior structure Learning should largely be about deviation from expectations “One can regard the model or map as something automatically help up for com ...
Unraveling the English-Bengali Code
... (Depending on suffixes or word-level mixing) (Barman et al., 2014). However, such ambiguity needs to be removed, if we are required to utilize such type of data for further analysis or use them for building models of sentiment and/or predictive analysis, since people generally use mixed or ambiguous ...
... (Depending on suffixes or word-level mixing) (Barman et al., 2014). However, such ambiguity needs to be removed, if we are required to utilize such type of data for further analysis or use them for building models of sentiment and/or predictive analysis, since people generally use mixed or ambiguous ...
Three key sequences HDEV
... What a fascinating creature the newborn is: tiny, delicate, apparently oblivious to its surroundings, yet perfectly formed and fully capable of letting its caregivers know when it is hungry, thirsty, or uncomfortable. And what a fascinating creature is this same child 2 years later: running, playing ...
... What a fascinating creature the newborn is: tiny, delicate, apparently oblivious to its surroundings, yet perfectly formed and fully capable of letting its caregivers know when it is hungry, thirsty, or uncomfortable. And what a fascinating creature is this same child 2 years later: running, playing ...
learning - Ohio University
... The combination of Hebbian learning – correlations (x y) – and errorbased learning can learn everything in a biologically correct manner: CHL leads to symmetry, an approximate symmetry will suffice, connections are generally bidirectional. Err = CHL in the table. ...
... The combination of Hebbian learning – correlations (x y) – and errorbased learning can learn everything in a biologically correct manner: CHL leads to symmetry, an approximate symmetry will suffice, connections are generally bidirectional. Err = CHL in the table. ...
The nature of neuronal words and language
... spikes, and the spike timing code hypothesis proposes that information can also be contained in the differences in pauses between individual spikes, an analysis that can be used to identify harmonics and periodic oscillations in spike trains. Both of these hypotheses treat a spike as a point source ...
... spikes, and the spike timing code hypothesis proposes that information can also be contained in the differences in pauses between individual spikes, an analysis that can be used to identify harmonics and periodic oscillations in spike trains. Both of these hypotheses treat a spike as a point source ...
Vocabulary development
Vocabulary development is a process by which people acquire words. Babbling shifts towards meaningful speech as infants grow and produce their first words around the age of one year. In early word learning, infants build their vocabulary slowly. By the age of 18 months, infants can typically produce about 50 words and begin to make word combinations.In order to build their vocabularies, infants must learn about the meanings that words carry. The mapping problem asks how infants correctly learn to attach words to referents. Constraints theories, domain-general views, social-pragmatic accounts, and an emergentist coalition model have been proposed to account for the mapping problem.From an early age, infants use language to communicate. Caregivers and other family members use language to teach children how to act in society. In their interactions with peers, children have the opportunity to learn about unique conversational roles. Through pragmatic directions, adults often offer children cues for understanding the meaning of words.Throughout their school years, children continue to build their vocabulary. In particular, children begin to learn abstract words. Beginning around age 3–5, word learning takes place both in conversation and through reading. Word learning often involves physical context, builds on prior knowledge, takes place in social context, and includes semantic support. The phonological loop and serial order short-term memory may both play an important role in vocabulary development.