Linking Cognitive Tokens to Biological Signals: Dialogue Context Improves
... “computational level” (Marr, 1982), showing how higherlevel processes can influence lower levels (e.g., by showing how distributions of higher-level structures constrain distributions of lower-level items). In contrast, our approach attempts to address all three levels and their mutual interactions. ...
... “computational level” (Marr, 1982), showing how higherlevel processes can influence lower levels (e.g., by showing how distributions of higher-level structures constrain distributions of lower-level items). In contrast, our approach attempts to address all three levels and their mutual interactions. ...
Universal Learning
... The combination of Hebbian learning – correlations (x y) – and errorbased learning can learn everything in a biologically correct manner: CHL leads to symmetry, an approximate symmetry will suffice, connections are generally bidirectional. Err = CHL in the table. ...
... The combination of Hebbian learning – correlations (x y) – and errorbased learning can learn everything in a biologically correct manner: CHL leads to symmetry, an approximate symmetry will suffice, connections are generally bidirectional. Err = CHL in the table. ...
Gesture in language: How sound symbolic words are processed in... Mamiko Arata () Mutsumi Imai ()
... related, is considered to be a marginal phenomenon in language. However, such a statement seems to be too strong when one looks beyond Indo-European languages. Many languages of the world have a large grammatically-defined word class in which sound symbolism is apparent. For example, in Japanese, mi ...
... related, is considered to be a marginal phenomenon in language. However, such a statement seems to be too strong when one looks beyond Indo-European languages. Many languages of the world have a large grammatically-defined word class in which sound symbolism is apparent. For example, in Japanese, mi ...
PDF
... than one way of reading a statement. Example, “the customer enters a card and a numeric personal code. If it is not valid then the ATM rejects the card”. It is ambiguous because the word “it” could refer to two distinct objects. It could refer to either a card or a numeric personal code [1]. Words c ...
... than one way of reading a statement. Example, “the customer enters a card and a numeric personal code. If it is not valid then the ATM rejects the card”. It is ambiguous because the word “it” could refer to two distinct objects. It could refer to either a card or a numeric personal code [1]. Words c ...
Learning
... development: acquiring language (and concepts) is clearly learning rather than maturation children learn words at an amazing rate, but actually need substantial experience for each word… they learn all the time… they generalize, initially too much, then differentiate ...
... development: acquiring language (and concepts) is clearly learning rather than maturation children learn words at an amazing rate, but actually need substantial experience for each word… they learn all the time… they generalize, initially too much, then differentiate ...
An action perspective on motor development
... critical mass of connections is established, a self-organizing process begins that results in new forms of perception, action and cognition. The emergence of new forms of action always relies on multiple developments [33]. The onset of functional reaching depends, for instance, on differentiated con ...
... critical mass of connections is established, a self-organizing process begins that results in new forms of perception, action and cognition. The emergence of new forms of action always relies on multiple developments [33]. The onset of functional reaching depends, for instance, on differentiated con ...
Early evidence for syntactic bootstrapping: 15-month
... with world scenes. Based on these data, they start learning to understand sentences early in the second year, and ultimately build a lexicon and grammar that support broad generalization. Accounts of how they do so necessarily begin with the extra-linguistic world: The true novice, not yet knowing t ...
... with world scenes. Based on these data, they start learning to understand sentences early in the second year, and ultimately build a lexicon and grammar that support broad generalization. Accounts of how they do so necessarily begin with the extra-linguistic world: The true novice, not yet knowing t ...
Demonstrating the Implicit Processing of Visually Presented Words
... During each PET scan, subjects performed one task—"the feature detection task." For this, subjects were familiarized with the distinction that some letters have ascenders (e.g., b,d,l,t,f) while others do not (e.g., a,e,g,p) and instructed to press a mouse key with their right index finger when they ...
... During each PET scan, subjects performed one task—"the feature detection task." For this, subjects were familiarized with the distinction that some letters have ascenders (e.g., b,d,l,t,f) while others do not (e.g., a,e,g,p) and instructed to press a mouse key with their right index finger when they ...
Specific Visual Transfer in Word Identification
... stored information about word shape or other visual details was used. Transfer experiments may also reveal effects that are more specific than those that can be revealed by modifying a text for use of on-line procedures. To expect an influence of stored word shape on identification when a word is fi ...
... stored information about word shape or other visual details was used. Transfer experiments may also reveal effects that are more specific than those that can be revealed by modifying a text for use of on-line procedures. To expect an influence of stored word shape on identification when a word is fi ...
Learning to Maximize Rewards: Review of the book
... by using the TD learning algorithm in several thousand games that it played against itself. What makes this book especially easy to read and its contents easy to digest is the rather liberal use of examples and figures to clarify the technical points raised in each chapter. In addition to several tr ...
... by using the TD learning algorithm in several thousand games that it played against itself. What makes this book especially easy to read and its contents easy to digest is the rather liberal use of examples and figures to clarify the technical points raised in each chapter. In addition to several tr ...
action research using wordles to teach foreign language writing
... Cidell (2010) suggested that “content clouds” may serve as a form of exploratory qualitative data analysis (p. 516). She carried out a study with geographical data from public meeting transcripts and newspaper articles about “green” buildings. Using both visual content clouds and word frequency repo ...
... Cidell (2010) suggested that “content clouds” may serve as a form of exploratory qualitative data analysis (p. 516). She carried out a study with geographical data from public meeting transcripts and newspaper articles about “green” buildings. Using both visual content clouds and word frequency repo ...
The Creativity of Malaysian Netizens in using Curse Words M. K.
... In the early 1990s, Kachru [12] began noticing that different nationalities use variations of English and this led to him proposing the idea of World Englishes. In much the same process, Malaysian English was evolved over the years and soon it comprises peculiarities of its own. Among these is the o ...
... In the early 1990s, Kachru [12] began noticing that different nationalities use variations of English and this led to him proposing the idea of World Englishes. In much the same process, Malaysian English was evolved over the years and soon it comprises peculiarities of its own. Among these is the o ...
Language processing – role of inferior parietal lobule
... posteriorly by the parieto-occipital fissure. Relevant parts of the parietal lobe include: the primary somatosensory area, comprised of Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2, all located in the postcentral gyrus; the superior parietal lobule, comprised of Brodmann areas 5 and 7, involved in spatial orientation ...
... posteriorly by the parieto-occipital fissure. Relevant parts of the parietal lobe include: the primary somatosensory area, comprised of Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2, all located in the postcentral gyrus; the superior parietal lobule, comprised of Brodmann areas 5 and 7, involved in spatial orientation ...
Infant Brain Development
... The ability to hear forms early in utero. By the time a baby is born, she has had about 12 weeks worth of hearing experience. What has baby been listening to? His mother’s heartbeat, the gurgles of her digestive system, and the external sounds of the mother’s environment have filled the baby’s ears ...
... The ability to hear forms early in utero. By the time a baby is born, she has had about 12 weeks worth of hearing experience. What has baby been listening to? His mother’s heartbeat, the gurgles of her digestive system, and the external sounds of the mother’s environment have filled the baby’s ears ...
Medical Terminology
... _____________– minor wound in which the skin’s surface is rubbed or scraped away ___________________– the process of the body physiologically adapting to an unfamiliar environment (altitude or temperature) _________________– sudden onset, abrupt ___________– work or exercise requiring oxygen (endura ...
... _____________– minor wound in which the skin’s surface is rubbed or scraped away ___________________– the process of the body physiologically adapting to an unfamiliar environment (altitude or temperature) _________________– sudden onset, abrupt ___________– work or exercise requiring oxygen (endura ...
Are You suprised - Dept. of Psychology (internal)
... How do children acquire the meaning of words? And why are words like know harder for learners to acquire than words like dog or jump? We suggest that the chief limiting factor in acquiring the vocabulary of natural languages consists not in overcoming conceptual difficulties with abstract word meani ...
... How do children acquire the meaning of words? And why are words like know harder for learners to acquire than words like dog or jump? We suggest that the chief limiting factor in acquiring the vocabulary of natural languages consists not in overcoming conceptual difficulties with abstract word meani ...
Persuasive Appeals
... Example: Doctors give us medical advice we may not fully understand, but we trust and believe they know what they are talking about. ...
... Example: Doctors give us medical advice we may not fully understand, but we trust and believe they know what they are talking about. ...
Context-dependent interpretation of words: Evidence for interactive
... would then strengthen contextually appropriate information and inhibit inappropriate information, thus determining the appropriate object or action interpretation. This view predicts that PMTG, IPS and PMv should show an ambiguity effect (more semantic activation for high-ambiguity words than low-am ...
... would then strengthen contextually appropriate information and inhibit inappropriate information, thus determining the appropriate object or action interpretation. This view predicts that PMTG, IPS and PMv should show an ambiguity effect (more semantic activation for high-ambiguity words than low-am ...
Modeling the evolution of communication
... grounding problem (Harnad, 1990) since they lack an intrinsic link between their symbols and the entities and relations existing in the organisms’ environment. Internal symbols need some form of sensorimotor grounding. Due to the symbol grounding problem, the role of these models for understanding t ...
... grounding problem (Harnad, 1990) since they lack an intrinsic link between their symbols and the entities and relations existing in the organisms’ environment. Internal symbols need some form of sensorimotor grounding. Due to the symbol grounding problem, the role of these models for understanding t ...
A PDP Model for Capturing N400 Effects in Early L2... Word Reading Tasks
... Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) models have been widely used for modeling cognitive tasks where accuracy or reaction time were the dependent performance measures. However, only few PDP models have attempted to model more brain-related data like event related potentials (ERPs). In this paper, w ...
... Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) models have been widely used for modeling cognitive tasks where accuracy or reaction time were the dependent performance measures. However, only few PDP models have attempted to model more brain-related data like event related potentials (ERPs). In this paper, w ...
6 Universal aspects of word learning
... Inconvenient facts about word learning Children do not learn every word they hear. Input frequency does not even begin to explain this fact. Perhaps we need no complex theory to explain why no child’s first word is the despite its frequency in maternal speech. But a timing difference for object term ...
... Inconvenient facts about word learning Children do not learn every word they hear. Input frequency does not even begin to explain this fact. Perhaps we need no complex theory to explain why no child’s first word is the despite its frequency in maternal speech. But a timing difference for object term ...
Life span chapter 3-1 File
... unnecessary neurons during the first 2 years of life. • True • False ...
... unnecessary neurons during the first 2 years of life. • True • False ...
Overview of the Seven Perceptual Styles
... Perceptual Styles What Makes Perceptual Styles a Different Way of Learning? Perceptual learning styles are the means by which learners extract information from their surroundings through the use of their five senses. Individuals have different "pathways" that are specific to them. When information e ...
... Perceptual Styles What Makes Perceptual Styles a Different Way of Learning? Perceptual learning styles are the means by which learners extract information from their surroundings through the use of their five senses. Individuals have different "pathways" that are specific to them. When information e ...
Vocabulary development
Vocabulary development is a process by which people acquire words. Babbling shifts towards meaningful speech as infants grow and produce their first words around the age of one year. In early word learning, infants build their vocabulary slowly. By the age of 18 months, infants can typically produce about 50 words and begin to make word combinations.In order to build their vocabularies, infants must learn about the meanings that words carry. The mapping problem asks how infants correctly learn to attach words to referents. Constraints theories, domain-general views, social-pragmatic accounts, and an emergentist coalition model have been proposed to account for the mapping problem.From an early age, infants use language to communicate. Caregivers and other family members use language to teach children how to act in society. In their interactions with peers, children have the opportunity to learn about unique conversational roles. Through pragmatic directions, adults often offer children cues for understanding the meaning of words.Throughout their school years, children continue to build their vocabulary. In particular, children begin to learn abstract words. Beginning around age 3–5, word learning takes place both in conversation and through reading. Word learning often involves physical context, builds on prior knowledge, takes place in social context, and includes semantic support. The phonological loop and serial order short-term memory may both play an important role in vocabulary development.