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... named 2003 UB313, is bigger than Pluto. By measuring its thermal emission, the scientists were able to determine a diameter of about 3000 km, which makes it 700 km larger than Pluto and thereby marks it as the largest solar system object found since the discovery of Neptune in 1846. Like Pluto, 2003 ...
Notes: Sun-Earth-Moon System
Notes: Sun-Earth-Moon System

... • Gravity holds the solar system together. About 99.85% of the mass of the entire solar system is contained within the sun. • Distances within the solar system are so large that they are measured using astronomical units. One astronomical unit (AU) equals the average distance between Earth and the ...
Angular momentum evolution
Angular momentum evolution

... Observational constraints • Several thousands of rotational periods now available for solar-type and low-mass stars from ~1 Myr to a ~10 Gyr (0.2-1.2 Msun) • Kepler still expected to yield many more rotational periods for field stars • Several tens of vsini measurements available for VLM stars and ...
Beyond Pluto - Assets - Cambridge University Press
Beyond Pluto - Assets - Cambridge University Press

... few large planets and moons, Edgeworth suggested that these condensations then coalesced to form the nine known planets and their satellites. Crucially, Edgeworth recognised that there was no obvious reason why the disc of planet-forming material should have been sharply bounded at the orbit of the ...
Plasma waves above the ion cyclotron frequency in the solar wind: a
Plasma waves above the ion cyclotron frequency in the solar wind: a

... well above the thermal noise level are indeed observed in the range fci f . Part of these fluctuations are the counterparts of the coherent electrostatic structures observed with waveform analyzers (Lacombe et al., 2002). Linking magnetic and electric power spectrum is far from being a trivial task ...
Mars Express - The Scientific Investigations: ASPERA-3
Mars Express - The Scientific Investigations: ASPERA-3

... but a large fraction is emitted via charge exchange when hot plasma, of solar wind and planetary wind origin, interacts with the upper atmosphere. In this chapter we briefly review three ENA phenomena related to Mars – ENA albedo, ENA jets and ENA occultation. We also discuss another, yet to be expl ...
The abundance of 26Al-rich planetary systems in the Galaxy
The abundance of 26Al-rich planetary systems in the Galaxy

... small (<2 pc), fine-tuned, distance from the nascent solar system whose exact value depends on the SN mass (Looney et al. 2006). The Orion Nebula has often been presented as the paradigm of such a situation (Hester et al. 2004). However, the disks that are observed now around the ≈1 Myr central star ...
Lecture 13 - Seattle Central College
Lecture 13 - Seattle Central College

... Dwarf planets have squished themselves spherical but have not cleared their orbital paths of stuff The Kuiper belt: The stuff in Pluto’s path Icy (frozen volatiles) bodies arranged in a doughnut shape from 30-(100) AU ...
Space and Planetary Environment
Space and Planetary Environment

... Remark 2.1 The boundaries of the SAA vary with altitude and its shape changes over time. At an altitude of 500 km, the SAA ranges between −90° and +40° in longitude and −50° to 0° in latitude. Its extent increases with increasing altitude. The characteristics of the upper atmosphere and of space abo ...
Dissipation and heating in solar wind turbulence: from the macro to
Dissipation and heating in solar wind turbulence: from the macro to

... wind provides an excellent laboratory for the study of fully developed plasma turbulence. The solar wind and the near-Earth environment are also the only in situ observationally accessible highly turbulent plasmas [1–3] with magnetic Reynolds numbers of the order of 105 [4] at 1 AU. In situ spacecra ...
Effects of Thomson-Scattering Geometry on White-Light
Effects of Thomson-Scattering Geometry on White-Light

... determination of CME kinematics, in particular the propagation direction, can be ambiguous. The assumptions that one is always observing the same part of a CME can lead to large errors in the estimated height of the CME’s leading edge. The structure of a CME affects the derivation of its kinematic p ...
here - The Planetary Chemistry Laboratory
here - The Planetary Chemistry Laboratory

... mainly photosphere; also sunspots, solar flares, solar wind ...
Section 1 - PISDEScience
Section 1 - PISDEScience

... Sun, Earth, and Moon (1 week, continue as needed into first week of Bundle 2) 5.8 Earth and Space. The student knows that there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among the Sun, Earth, and Moon system. The student is expected to: 5.8d identify and compare the physical characteristics ...
Lesson 1 The Sun and Other Stars
Lesson 1 The Sun and Other Stars

... The stars that produce the most energy make about 10 million times more energy than the Sun. The least-productive stars make only one-hundredth as much energy as the Sun. The Sun is an average-sized star and the largest object in the solar system. The Sun’s diameter is about 1,390,000 kilometers (86 ...
Our World in Space [6th grade]
Our World in Space [6th grade]

... 5. ________ Are like asteroids, but much smaller. 6. ________ Small body of rock, ice, and cosmic dust loosely packed together. 7. ________ Made up of material that was left over from when our solar system formed. 8. ________ May have 2 tails: the Dust tail that stretched out behind it up to million ...
Introductory Presentation on Cosmic Rays
Introductory Presentation on Cosmic Rays

... release of nuclear energy. When the star is particularly massive, then its core will collapse and in so doing will release a huge amount of energy. This will cause a blast wave that ejects the star’s envelop into interstellar space. Many supernovae have been seen in nearby galaxies, they are relativ ...
benchmarks and task analyses - I
benchmarks and task analyses - I

... 1. Tell students that you are now going to make a model of one galaxy- the Milky Way galaxy. 2. Ask students why we would make a model of a galaxy. (They should be able to explain that we cannot see the entire galaxy so we have to make models) 3. Have student groups place on cup in the center of the ...
Folie 1
Folie 1

... • Stars form when over dense regions inside molecular clouds collapse. How does density get high enough to cause collapse? Can happen a variety of ways • collisions between clouds • interactions with nearby galaxies • pressure from stellar winds, supernovae( shock wave (from supernova or colliding g ...
The Exact Solution of Nonlinear Stress
The Exact Solution of Nonlinear Stress

... stretch at the equator. As the solar cycle continues. these lines of magnetic force continue to stretch. Like a rubber-band that is twisted too much, the magnetic field begins to buckle. Eventually, the magnetic force, which is generated beneath the convection zone, breaks the surface of the sun [4, ...
Earth, Moon, and Sun
Earth, Moon, and Sun

... motions of the Sun and Moon versus the actual motion of Earth. They record daily observations about the time and position of sunrise and sunset, shape of the Moon, daytime visibility, and elevation. Their data reflect interactions among Earth, its Moon, and the Sun that explain such phenomena as day ...
Cosmic Rays 3 - zainab
Cosmic Rays 3 - zainab

... extraordinary particles is because of searches that were started for the origin of much lower energy cosmic rays many years ago. In 1938, the French scientist, Pierre Auger, discovered serendipitously that showers of particles, secondary created in the atmosphere by an incoming cosmic ray, were spre ...
Solar System
Solar System

... 2.3 Make and confirm predictions about text by using prior knowledge and ideas presented in the text itself, including illustrations titles, topic sentences, important words, and foreshadowing clues. 2.4 Evaluate new information and hypotheses by testing them against known information and ideas. 2.5 ...
Using gamma-rays to probe the clumped structure of stellar winds
Using gamma-rays to probe the clumped structure of stellar winds

... Individual jet-clump interactions should be observable only as rare, flaring events. But if the whole stellar wind is clumped, then integrated along the beam there will be clump interactions occurring all the time, leading to a flickering in the light curve, with the relative amplitude depending on ...
BDW Lesson 1g - Ohio Academic Standards
BDW Lesson 1g - Ohio Academic Standards

... Application & Anomaly Items listed in Table 1. It should be noted that the students will demonstrate their ability to perform critical thinking skills by incorporating known scientific anomalies into the research activity. 13. The teacher hands out Attachment 2 as a completed example of what type of ...
Overview of Our Solar System
Overview of Our Solar System

... • The orbit of Pluto is so eccentric that at aphelion, it is 50 AU from the Sun, and at perihelion, it is almost 30 AU from the Sun. • Pluto’s rotational axis is tipped so far over that its north pole actually points south of its orbital plane. • Pluto’s satellite, Charon, orbits in synchronous rota ...
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Heliosphere



The heliosphere is the bubble-like region of space dominated by the Sun, which extends far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Plasma ""blown"" out from the Sun, known as the solar wind, creates and maintains this bubble against the outside pressure of the interstellar medium, the hydrogen and helium gas that permeates the Milky Way Galaxy. The solar wind flows outward from the Sun until encountering the termination shock, where motion slows abruptly. The Voyager spacecraft have actively explored the outer reaches of the heliosphere, passing through the shock and entering the heliosheath, a transitional region which is in turn bounded by the outermost edge of the heliosphere, called the heliopause. The overall shape of the heliosphere is controlled by the interstellar medium, through which it is traveling, as well as the Sun, and does not appear to be perfectly spherical. The limited data available and unexplored nature of these structures have resulted in many theories.On September 12, 2013, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had exited the heliosphere on August 25, 2012, when it measured a sudden increase in plasma density of about forty times. Because the heliopause marks one boundary between the Sun's solar wind and the rest of the galaxy, a spacecraft such as Voyager 1 which has departed the heliosphere can be said to have reached interstellar space.
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