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Electronic Controls
Electronic Controls

... Some of the free electrons crossing the Base encounter a hole and 'drop into it'. As a result, the Base region loses one of its positive charges (holes) each time this happens. If we didn't do anything about this we'd find that the Base potential would become more negative (i.e. 'less positive' bec ...
Circuitry, meters, and Ohm`s law
Circuitry, meters, and Ohm`s law

... where the resistance R is a constant of proportionality. Ohm's law states, in other words, that the resistance between the points is constant. (Actually, Ohm's law is not exactly true in many cases, and in some cases it fails completely.) Kirchoff’s laws involve conservation of charge and conservati ...
Make A Precision Current Source or Current Sink
Make A Precision Current Source or Current Sink

CN-0273 (Rev.B)
CN-0273 (Rev.B)

... The previous equation shows that the worst-case CMR for four resistors with the same nominal values (1% tolerance) is 34 dB. Instead of using discrete resistors, this circuit uses a monolithic ADA4830-1 difference amplifier with on-chip, laser-trimmed thin film resistors, thereby providing excellent ...
Constant Voltage / Constant Current Secondary
Constant Voltage / Constant Current Secondary

Uninterruptible Power Supply Unit for Universal Use QUINT
Uninterruptible Power Supply Unit for Universal Use QUINT

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Action PAK AP1690 ® AC Input, Field Configurable Limit Alarms

... "P" provides top mounted ten-turn clock face dials. Operation The field configurable AP1690 limit alarm setpoints can be configured for HI, LO, latching or failsafe trip operation. Nonlatching HI and LO setpoints have respective HI and LO deadbands. In a tripped condition, the setpoint is exceeded a ...
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Series and Parallel Circuits

Winter-06-EE314-Final
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... B. No, because diode can operate under the reverse bias. C. Yes, because diode should not operate at breakdown voltage under any circumstances. D. It does not matter, because diode can operate in reverse or forward bias conditions without current limit. Problem 6 (3%) Which terminal represents the c ...
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... is the buffered amplifiers (voltage operational amplifier) typically low output resistance. The differential transconductance stage introduced in the input of the operational amplifier and sometimes provides the differential to single ended conversion. Normally, a good portion of the overall gain is ...
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... limit, the internal PN diode formed with the substrate can turn on resulting in significant current flow through the die. Schottky clamp diodes between the inputs and the supply rails speed up recovery from excessive overdrive conditions by preventing these substrate diodes from turning on. Input Bi ...
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Reactive Power and Voltage Control

... transformers, reactors, capacitors etc that are directly or indirectly rendering electricity to consumers at desired voltage level. Each series element in this system has reactance which has reactive power demand as loss proportional to square of current passing through it. Reactive power losses a ...
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... supply voltage of each individual drive channel. However, this corresponds approximately to the voltage at VDC with respect to GND. The input levels must never exceed the limits of the supply voltage (i.e. between GND and VDD), otherwise latch-up of the integrated circuits LDI 00I can occur. Particu ...
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... converts the dc-link voltage to an ac waveform at the HFIT side. It can operate as an active rectifier when it converts the ac waveform of the HFIT to the dclink voltage. The FBDCI is used to achieve zerovoltage level, adjustable pulse width, and symmetrical switching. In addition, the number of swi ...
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Diodes and Bridge Rectifiers - Electrical and Computer Engineering

RS20B 20mm Bi-Stable Shutter System
RS20B 20mm Bi-Stable Shutter System

Electronics for Artists
Electronics for Artists

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Name - IISME Community Site
Name - IISME Community Site

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Models WH5A, WH5V Isolator (with Square Root
Models WH5A, WH5V Isolator (with Square Root

... ● Do not connect anything to the terminals that are not used in the wiring diagram. Otherwise it may cause the malfunction or damage. ● The power line and input/output signal lines should be installed away from noise-generating sources. Otherwise accuracy cannot be guaranteed. ● The grounding res ...
university of california at berkeley
university of california at berkeley

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Schmitt trigger



In electronics a Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit with hysteresis implemented by applying positive feedback to the noninverting input of a comparator or differential amplifier. It is an active circuit which converts an analog input signal to a digital output signal. The circuit is named a ""trigger"" because the output retains its value until the input changes sufficiently to trigger a change. In the non-inverting configuration, when the input is higher than a chosen threshold, the output is high. When the input is below a different (lower) chosen threshold the output is low, and when the input is between the two levels the output retains its value. This dual threshold action is called hysteresis and implies that the Schmitt trigger possesses memory and can act as a bistable multivibrator (latch or flip-flop). There is a close relation between the two kinds of circuits: a Schmitt trigger can be converted into a latch and a latch can be converted into a Schmitt trigger.Schmitt trigger devices are typically used in signal conditioning applications to remove noise from signals used in digital circuits, particularly mechanical contact bounce. They are also used in closed loop negative feedback configurations to implement relaxation oscillators, used in function generators and switching power supplies.
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