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t - POLITesi
t - POLITesi

... cooling systems currently used have already reached such a complexity level that a drastic increase of the TIT may be possible only by using better heat transfer fluids as coolants, in particular liquids. Due to many technological reasons, that are recalled and discussed here, liquid cooling systems ...
x - at www.arxiv.org.
x - at www.arxiv.org.

... These remarkable phenomena can be explained in the framework of classical electrodynamics because a modulated beam of moving charged particles corresponds to a time varying current, leading thus to the emission of light. On the other hand, the emission of light due to fast changes in the geometry of ...
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Acrobat file - University of the Punjab

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Coil Design and Related Studies for the Fusion-Fission

... The world’s demand for energy is increasing and the increase is likely to continue for many years to come. The main resource for energy production today is fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. Since these resources are limited and prices are rising, other energy sources ought to replace them. The ...
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CfE Advanced Higher Physics Unit 2: Quanta and

... Towards the end of the 19th century, physical phenomena were described in terms of "classical" theory, as either particles or waves. However, some new discoveries (such as the photoelectric effect) could not be explained using classical theory. As we have seen, such phenomena required a theory that ...
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CfE Advanced Higher Physics Unit 2: Quanta and Waves

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Development and test of a controlled source MT method

... introduced by Turberg et. al. (1994), uses the electric and magnetic fields of artificial transmitters far off the measuring site in the frequency range from about 16 kHz up to 240 kHz. These sources are powerful communication transmitters for submarines in the very low frequency range (VLF) from 10 ...
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... Plasmas are the most prominent state of visible matter in our universe. A gas becomes ionized and becomes a plasma when it has enough energy such that electrons have been stripped off of ions in the gas. The plasma is a complex dynamic state, in which charged particles are immersed in, moving under ...
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Stabilization of Plasma by Nonuniform Magnetic Fields

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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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