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Plane wave
Plane wave

Theoretical and experimental IR line shape (from B.M. Auer and J.L.
Theoretical and experimental IR line shape (from B.M. Auer and J.L.

... Negatively charged surface ...
Nonclassical states of light propagating in Kerr media
Nonclassical states of light propagating in Kerr media

Chapter 18 ELECTRIC FORCES AND ELECTRIC FIELDS
Chapter 18 ELECTRIC FORCES AND ELECTRIC FIELDS

... PREVIEW Electric charge is the fundamental quantity that underlies all electrical phenomena. There are two types of charges, positive and negative, and like charges repel each other, and unlike charges attract each other. A conductor is a material through which charge can easily flow due to a large ...
Electric Forces
Electric Forces

(2)
(2)

... P label the classical phase space point under consideration and the adiabatic basis in the eigenvalue problem of Eq. 共4兲 is defined at each point in configuration space. In this Eulerian picture the adiabatic dynamics is not considered along an evolving trajectory but we shall show how to transform ...
Phil Anderson And Gauge Symmetry Breaking
Phil Anderson And Gauge Symmetry Breaking

... the existence of a massless spin 1 particle. The example is based on a remarkable exact solution, not assuming weak coupling. The model Schwinger solved was simply 1 + 1-dimensional Quantum Electrodynamics, with electrons of zero bare mass. The action is Z Z ...
A quantum delayed choice experiment
A quantum delayed choice experiment

Implementation of a quantum algorithm on a nuclear magnetic
Implementation of a quantum algorithm on a nuclear magnetic

Atomic Spectroscopy
Atomic Spectroscopy

Quantum HPC Sweden
Quantum HPC Sweden

Magnetothermal properties of molecule
Magnetothermal properties of molecule

Electric dipoles and phase stability in nematic liquid crystals
Electric dipoles and phase stability in nematic liquid crystals

... is described in some detail in section 2, where the free energy for a positionally uniform and anisotropic fluid is derived together with the expression for ensemble averages. In the case of hard particles without dipolar interactions the free energy reduces to that proposed by the Onsager theory fo ...
Document
Document

Transport and Concentration of Charged Molecules in a Lipid
Transport and Concentration of Charged Molecules in a Lipid

... direction of the applied electric field, but also perpendicular to the electric field, we use a patterned lipid bilayer and make use of the idea of Brownian ratchets3,4. These ratchets allow us to ‘rectify’ diffusion. The combination of both, free diffusion and ratcheting results in a way to obtain ...
Locally critical quantum phase transitions in strongly
Locally critical quantum phase transitions in strongly

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ON HYPERPLANE COMPLEMENTS II Contents 1 3
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ON HYPERPLANE COMPLEMENTS II Contents 1 3

... Ai do not differ by non–zero integers. Proposition 4.2. Let H0 ∈ GL(F) be such that [Ai , H0 ] = 0 for any i. Then, there exists a unique holomorphic function H : U → GL(F) such that H(0) = H0 and, for any determination of the logarithm, the function ...
PDF
PDF

... 0:7 meV. The slopes of the stability diagram features suggest the relationship  ¼ 103 VBG , leading to a predicted back gate periodicity of 0.7 V. Coupling to the leads can broaden these resonances in terms of energy. Because the edge of the valleys consistently attains a maximum value of jVSD j ...
Complete description of a quantum system at a given time
Complete description of a quantum system at a given time

... variables have definite values In the standard approach to quantum theory, operators with no common eigenstates cannot have definite values simultaneously. For example, there is no state vector of a spin-f particle for which we can predict with certainty the result of measuring ux and the result of ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.

Welcome to Physics 112N
Welcome to Physics 112N

Reshaping Of Freely Propagating Terahertz Pulses
Reshaping Of Freely Propagating Terahertz Pulses

... which while similar to the simple integration model previously employed, gives rise to readily discernible differences in the predicted waveforms. In particular, the rigorous calculation indicates that the high frequency components are less strongly suppressed than in the integration model. Given th ...
Superconducting Circuits and Quantum Computation
Superconducting Circuits and Quantum Computation

Spin Hall Magnetoresistance Induced by a Nonequilibrium Proximity Effect
Spin Hall Magnetoresistance Induced by a Nonequilibrium Proximity Effect

...  ¼ 90 ! 290 at  ¼ 0 [see Fig. 4(k)]. Because the magnetic field intensity is fixed at 12 kOe, far above the magnetization saturation field (1:7 kOe), the magnetization is always aligned with the external magnetic field direction. Clearly, the Rxx signal disappears in this magnetic field orien ...
Electron and hole wave functions in self
Electron and hole wave functions in self

< 1 ... 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 ... 661 >

Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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