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Electron linac
Electron linac

Vorticity Flow Stabilization of Magnetized Plasmas
Vorticity Flow Stabilization of Magnetized Plasmas

FOCUSING IN THE HOUGHTON COLLEGE CYCLOTRON By Sylvia I. Morrow
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... by using magnetic fields to keep ions moving in a circular path, Lawrence circumvented size problems that occur with the linac which must be longer and longer to reach higher energies while still using lower voltages. Like early accelerator designs, the cyclotron has only two electrodes; however, us ...
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... formula of spectral terms, defining the amount of the fine structure splitting. From the expression (1.4) it follows that α has a double meaning. The first of them, expressed by the ratio of speeds υ0 and c, has never been discussed. The second one states only the fact that α is the combination of t ...
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... the sample. The resistance of the sample is given by Ohm's law as R = V/I. If the voltage is zero, this means that the resistance is zero and that the sample is in the superconducting state.) Superconductors are also able to maintain a current with no applied voltage whatsoever, a property exploited ...
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cavity types - CERN Accelerator School

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ppt - UZH-Particle Physics at CERN

... even after exposed to high irradiation doses (~1015 neq/cm-2) and at high bias voltage (up to 600V) • The Lorentz angle is up to 260 (4T) for non-irradiated (Vbias=100V) and 8.30 (4T) for the irradiated 1015 neq/cm-2 ...
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Microscale Simulation of the Mechanical and Electromagnetic

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Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling in a Josephson Junction Coupled

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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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