Chapter 1 Periods of Western Astronomy Prehistoric Astronomy
... • Through the use of models and observations, they were the first to use a careful and systematic manner to explain the workings of the heavens • Limited to naked-eye observations, their idea of using logic and mathematics as tools for investigating nature is still with us today • Their investigativ ...
... • Through the use of models and observations, they were the first to use a careful and systematic manner to explain the workings of the heavens • Limited to naked-eye observations, their idea of using logic and mathematics as tools for investigating nature is still with us today • Their investigativ ...
Heliocentric model
... Observations of Jupiter • Observations of Jupiter – Observed the 4 largest moons of Jupiter (Galilean Moons). – The fact that bodies could orbit other planets supported heliocentric view. ...
... Observations of Jupiter • Observations of Jupiter – Observed the 4 largest moons of Jupiter (Galilean Moons). – The fact that bodies could orbit other planets supported heliocentric view. ...
Navigation
... • is a worldwide radio-navigation system formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and their ground stations. • GPS uses these "man-made stars" as reference points to calculate positions accurate to a matter of meters. In fact, with advanced forms of GPS you can make measurements to better than a ...
... • is a worldwide radio-navigation system formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and their ground stations. • GPS uses these "man-made stars" as reference points to calculate positions accurate to a matter of meters. In fact, with advanced forms of GPS you can make measurements to better than a ...
Chap. 2: Known the Heavens
... • Ecliptic: the plane of the Earth annual orbit around the Sun; also the plane of the Sun’s annual orbit in the celestial sphere ...
... • Ecliptic: the plane of the Earth annual orbit around the Sun; also the plane of the Sun’s annual orbit in the celestial sphere ...
The Celestial Sphere
... Declination δ (analogous to latitude on the Earth). These are called celestial coordinates. Similar to longitude on Earth, the Right Ascension α of an object on the celestial sphere is measured eastward along the celestial equator, from a zero-point (i.e. where α = 0o), defined to be the vernal equi ...
... Declination δ (analogous to latitude on the Earth). These are called celestial coordinates. Similar to longitude on Earth, the Right Ascension α of an object on the celestial sphere is measured eastward along the celestial equator, from a zero-point (i.e. where α = 0o), defined to be the vernal equi ...
Notes for Unit 5
... material. All matter on earth, as Aristotle stated, was made up of the four elements: earth, water, air, and fire. All matter in the heavens was made of the fifth element, the ether. Space was not empty, but rather filled with this ether. Various Greek gods were responsible for turning the spheres. ...
... material. All matter on earth, as Aristotle stated, was made up of the four elements: earth, water, air, and fire. All matter in the heavens was made of the fifth element, the ether. Space was not empty, but rather filled with this ether. Various Greek gods were responsible for turning the spheres. ...
Announcements
... Astronomers are all over the world and measure coordinates at all sorts of times. In order to talk to each other, astronomers measure coordinates with respect to defined reference points on the celestial sphere, not the local sky. ...
... Astronomers are all over the world and measure coordinates at all sorts of times. In order to talk to each other, astronomers measure coordinates with respect to defined reference points on the celestial sphere, not the local sky. ...
powerpoint - Physics @ IUPUI
... • These circles were called epicycles. • The 2nd was Hipparchus (190-120 BCE) who helped further the ideas which would later be the Ptolemy model. • Hipparchus also discovered the precession of the earth and started the magnitude system for star brightness. ...
... • These circles were called epicycles. • The 2nd was Hipparchus (190-120 BCE) who helped further the ideas which would later be the Ptolemy model. • Hipparchus also discovered the precession of the earth and started the magnitude system for star brightness. ...
AST 301 Introduction to Astronomy
... Apparent motion of Sun during the year The Earth orbits the Sun once a year. This makes the Sun appear to pass in front of different stars (the constellations of the zodiac) during a year. The zodiac does not lie on the celestial equator, but is on a circle tipped about 23o from the equator. This i ...
... Apparent motion of Sun during the year The Earth orbits the Sun once a year. This makes the Sun appear to pass in front of different stars (the constellations of the zodiac) during a year. The zodiac does not lie on the celestial equator, but is on a circle tipped about 23o from the equator. This i ...
The Night Sky
... On Earth’s surface, also a sphere, we specify positions using latitude and longitude. How does this system work? ...
... On Earth’s surface, also a sphere, we specify positions using latitude and longitude. How does this system work? ...
History and Philosophy of Western Astronomy
... If it had not been for the Arabs, most of the Greek Astronomy would have gotten lost. They continued making accurate observations of stars and planets, but they believed in Ptolemy’s cosmological model. In Europe the following paradigm had developed: Man is God’s special creation of the physical uni ...
... If it had not been for the Arabs, most of the Greek Astronomy would have gotten lost. They continued making accurate observations of stars and planets, but they believed in Ptolemy’s cosmological model. In Europe the following paradigm had developed: Man is God’s special creation of the physical uni ...
A new Cosmos – a novel Physics
... Note the Jacob’s staff, which the 16 century, the models increased up to 80 epicywas used to measure angu- cles. Even worse, there was no consistent systemlar distances in the sky, until atics in how to set-up these additional corrections: it was replaced by telescope So at Copernicus time, there wa ...
... Note the Jacob’s staff, which the 16 century, the models increased up to 80 epicywas used to measure angu- cles. Even worse, there was no consistent systemlar distances in the sky, until atics in how to set-up these additional corrections: it was replaced by telescope So at Copernicus time, there wa ...
Lecture Two (Powerpoint format)
... In the Northern hemisphere, the stars rise in the East, set in the West, and revolve counter-clockwise around the North celestial pole. In the southern hemisphere the stars rise in the A) East, set in the West, and revolve counter-clockwise around the ...
... In the Northern hemisphere, the stars rise in the East, set in the West, and revolve counter-clockwise around the North celestial pole. In the southern hemisphere the stars rise in the A) East, set in the West, and revolve counter-clockwise around the ...
A105 Stars and Galaxies
... position on Earth determines which constellations remain below the horizon. They depend on time of year because Earth’s orbit changes the apparent location of the Sun among the stars. ...
... position on Earth determines which constellations remain below the horizon. They depend on time of year because Earth’s orbit changes the apparent location of the Sun among the stars. ...
A new Cosmos – a novel Physics
... was used to measure angu- epicycles. Even worse, there was no consistent syslar distances in the sky, until tematics in how to set-up these additional epicycles: it was replaced by telescope So at Copernicus time, there was a huge amount of based methods not before the complicated, competing planeta ...
... was used to measure angu- epicycles. Even worse, there was no consistent syslar distances in the sky, until tematics in how to set-up these additional epicycles: it was replaced by telescope So at Copernicus time, there was a huge amount of based methods not before the complicated, competing planeta ...
pdf format
... • Conception of a physical model to explain the workings of nature is a creative act of science. • Models apply known laws of nature to explain observations. • Key aspects of a scientific model ⇒ models explain what is seen ⇒ models predict observations accurately ⇒ simplify your understanding of na ...
... • Conception of a physical model to explain the workings of nature is a creative act of science. • Models apply known laws of nature to explain observations. • Key aspects of a scientific model ⇒ models explain what is seen ⇒ models predict observations accurately ⇒ simplify your understanding of na ...
Chapter 1 Daily Note Sheets Completed Power Point
... Earth appear to move ? • Because the Earth rotates ...
... Earth appear to move ? • Because the Earth rotates ...
6.4 What can you see?
... • For thousands of years people have used their observations and beliefs to explain the movements they see in the night sky • In 550 BCE Pythagoras believed that everything was made of four materials (elements) with fire being the most important • His model had fire at the centre of the Universe wit ...
... • For thousands of years people have used their observations and beliefs to explain the movements they see in the night sky • In 550 BCE Pythagoras believed that everything was made of four materials (elements) with fire being the most important • His model had fire at the centre of the Universe wit ...
Ch. S1 - Relativity Group
... It adds a question – does this aesthetic sense also exist in the lower forms that are…why is it aesthetic, all kinds of interesting questions which a science knowledge only adds to the excitement and mystery and the awe of a flower. It only adds. I don’t understand how it subtracts. ...
... It adds a question – does this aesthetic sense also exist in the lower forms that are…why is it aesthetic, all kinds of interesting questions which a science knowledge only adds to the excitement and mystery and the awe of a flower. It only adds. I don’t understand how it subtracts. ...
A new Cosmos – a novel Physics
... Note the Jacob’s staff, which the 16 century, the models increased up to 80 epicywas used to measure angu- cles. Even worse, there was no consistent systemlar distances in the sky, until atics in how to set-up these additional corrections: it was replaced by telescope So at Copernicus time, there wa ...
... Note the Jacob’s staff, which the 16 century, the models increased up to 80 epicywas used to measure angu- cles. Even worse, there was no consistent systemlar distances in the sky, until atics in how to set-up these additional corrections: it was replaced by telescope So at Copernicus time, there wa ...
File
... sun. This suggests that the formation process of the solar system resulted in a disk of material out of which formed the sun and the planets. The 23.5° tilt of the Earth's spin axis gives the seasonal variations in the amount of sunlight received at the surface. Pluto 's orbit is exceptional in that ...
... sun. This suggests that the formation process of the solar system resulted in a disk of material out of which formed the sun and the planets. The 23.5° tilt of the Earth's spin axis gives the seasonal variations in the amount of sunlight received at the surface. Pluto 's orbit is exceptional in that ...
automatic astro-navigation
... primary outputs. Tt allows the navigator to correct his knowledge of position and it indicates very accurately the true heading of the aircraft. Both of these outputs are independent of errors cumulative with time, which are characteristic of dead-reckoning navigation such as Doppler or inertial nav ...
... primary outputs. Tt allows the navigator to correct his knowledge of position and it indicates very accurately the true heading of the aircraft. Both of these outputs are independent of errors cumulative with time, which are characteristic of dead-reckoning navigation such as Doppler or inertial nav ...
ASTR100 Class 01 - University of Maryland Department of
... C. The temperature starts low and ends high in both the raisin cake and the universe. D. The raisins stay roughly the same size as the cake expands, just as galaxies stay roughly the same size as the universe expands. E. The average distance increases with time both between raisins in the cake and b ...
... C. The temperature starts low and ends high in both the raisin cake and the universe. D. The raisins stay roughly the same size as the cake expands, just as galaxies stay roughly the same size as the universe expands. E. The average distance increases with time both between raisins in the cake and b ...
Document
... 6. Aristotle used very good arguments to conclude that the Moon and Earth are spherical and that the Sun is farther away from earth than the Moon is. 7. Aristotle saw a difference in the “natural” behavior of Earthly objects compared to heavenly objects. He believed that two different sets of rules ...
... 6. Aristotle used very good arguments to conclude that the Moon and Earth are spherical and that the Sun is farther away from earth than the Moon is. 7. Aristotle saw a difference in the “natural” behavior of Earthly objects compared to heavenly objects. He believed that two different sets of rules ...
Lecture #4 - History of Astronomy - Ptolemy to Kepler
... The distance from the earth to the sphere of stars is much greater than the distance from the earth to the sun – accounts for lack of observed ...
... The distance from the earth to the sphere of stars is much greater than the distance from the earth to the sun – accounts for lack of observed ...
Celestial spheres
The celestial spheres, or celestial orbs, were the fundamental entities of the cosmological models developed by Plato, Eudoxus, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus and others. In these celestial models the apparent motions of the fixed stars and the planets are accounted for by treating them as embedded in rotating spheres made of an aetherial, transparent fifth element (quintessence), like jewels set in orbs. Since it was believed that the fixed stars did not change their positions relative to one another, it was argued that they must be on the surface of a single starry sphere.In modern thought, the orbits of the planets are viewed as the paths of those planets through mostly empty space. Ancient and medieval thinkers, however, considered the celestial orbs to be thick spheres of rarefied matter nested one within the other, each one in complete contact with the sphere above it and the sphere below. When scholars applied Ptolemy's epicycles, they presumed that each planetary sphere was exactly thick enough to accommodate them. By combining this nested sphere model with astronomical observations, scholars calculated what became generally accepted values at the time for the distances to the Sun (about 4 million miles), to the other planets, and to the edge of the universe (about 73 million miles). The nested sphere model's distances to the Sun and planets differ significantly from modern measurements of the distances, and the size of the universe is now known to be inconceivably large and possibly infinite.Albert Van Helden has suggested that from about 1250 until the 17th century, virtually all educated Europeans were familiar with the Ptolemaic model of ""nesting spheres and the cosmic dimensions derived from it"". Even following the adoption of Copernicus's heliocentric model of the universe, new versions of the celestial sphere model were introduced, with the planetary spheres following this sequence from the central Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth-Moon, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.