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13_chapter 6
13_chapter 6

Ferroelectricity  in  Amphiphilic  Monolayers
Ferroelectricity in Amphiphilic Monolayers

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Development of a Capacitive Probe to Investigate Surface Charge

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... Red light from a laser ( 8 = 650 nm) is incident normally (angle of incidence = 2) on a diffraction grating. The first maximum on either side of the center spot occurs at an angle of 23°, as in Fig. (a). Now the angle of incidence is changed to 15°. Calculate 21 and 22 in Fig. (b), the direction of ...
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... The histogram in Fig. 3共c兲 has a nearly Gaussian shape, indicating that the differences between the integrated electric field and the ion beam energy are somewhat random. There are several possible sources that could contribute to these differences. The values of ␰ I have a larger scatter about the ...
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Determination of the position angle of stellar spin axes

... temperature of 4 000K, a surface gravity log(g) = 1.8, and solarlike metallicity. It was calculated under the assumption of thermal equilibrium in the outer layers of the stellar atmosphere. The synthetic spectra has an average resolution of 120 000 over a wavelength range of 5 nm in the visible. Th ...


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CfE Advanced Higher Physics Unit 2: Quanta and Waves

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CfE Advanced Higher Physics Unit 2: Quanta and

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Multiwavelength optical observations of chromospherically active

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Circular dichroism



Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light. Left-hand circular (LHC) and right-hand circular (RHC) polarized light represent two possible spin angular momentum states for a photon, and so circular dichroism is also referred to as dichroism for spin angular momentum. This phenomenon was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Biot, Augustin Fresnel, and Aimé Cotton in the first half of the 19th century. It is exhibited in the absorption bands of optically active chiral molecules. CD spectroscopy has a wide range of applications in many different fields. Most notably, UV CD is used to investigate the secondary structure of proteins. UV/Vis CD is used to investigate charge-transfer transitions. Near-infrared CD is used to investigate geometric and electronic structure by probing metal d→d transitions. Vibrational circular dichroism, which uses light from the infrared energy region, is used for structural studies of small organic molecules, and most recently proteins and DNA.
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