physics - Text Books
... light objects like bits of paper. In the 17th century, William Gilbert discovered that, glass, ebonite etc, also exhibit this property, when rubbed with suitable materials. The substances which acquire charges on rubbing are said to be ‘electrified’ or charged. These terms are derived from the Greek ...
... light objects like bits of paper. In the 17th century, William Gilbert discovered that, glass, ebonite etc, also exhibit this property, when rubbed with suitable materials. The substances which acquire charges on rubbing are said to be ‘electrified’ or charged. These terms are derived from the Greek ...
Field-Amplified Sample Stacking and Focusing in Nanofluidic
... deviate from what is observed at the microscale.7 These deviations can be exploited for novel bioanalytical devices such as electrophoresis based free-solution DNA separations, protein separations, and confined molecule kinetics.5,9,10 These devices have simple geometries, yet they remain underutili ...
... deviate from what is observed at the microscale.7 These deviations can be exploited for novel bioanalytical devices such as electrophoresis based free-solution DNA separations, protein separations, and confined molecule kinetics.5,9,10 These devices have simple geometries, yet they remain underutili ...
standard definitions for microwave radiometry
... being spatially averaged by the direction-dependent antenna directivity D(Ω). To eliminate ambiguity, one should specify the point to which the calibrated antenna temperature is referenced. If no point is specified, it is assumed to be at the antenna ...
... being spatially averaged by the direction-dependent antenna directivity D(Ω). To eliminate ambiguity, one should specify the point to which the calibrated antenna temperature is referenced. If no point is specified, it is assumed to be at the antenna ...
Physics of Light and Optics - BYU Optics Education
... Maxwell’s equations. Subsequent chapters build on this foundation to develop the wave and ray descriptions of classical optics. The final two chapters of the book demonstrate the incomplete nature of classical optics and provide a brief introduction to quantum optics. A collection of electronic mate ...
... Maxwell’s equations. Subsequent chapters build on this foundation to develop the wave and ray descriptions of classical optics. The final two chapters of the book demonstrate the incomplete nature of classical optics and provide a brief introduction to quantum optics. A collection of electronic mate ...
Photonic crystals for light trapping in solar cells
... term goal of the PV-sector is therefore to reach grid-parity, i.e. to become cheaper than the peak prices of grid electricity. Spot prices for solar modules at the time of writing (August 2011) range from 0.85-1.39 ¿/Wp (1.17-1.92 $/Wp) [8]. To reach sustainable prices of 1 $/Wp has for a long time ...
... term goal of the PV-sector is therefore to reach grid-parity, i.e. to become cheaper than the peak prices of grid electricity. Spot prices for solar modules at the time of writing (August 2011) range from 0.85-1.39 ¿/Wp (1.17-1.92 $/Wp) [8]. To reach sustainable prices of 1 $/Wp has for a long time ...
Transient absorption and reshaping of ultrafast XUV light by laser
... a Floquet-like method (non-Hermitian perturbation theory – nhpt) that treats the xuv field as a monochromatic source. This method has been extensively tested in the context of x-ray absorption on the 1s → 3p resonance of laser-dressed neon, alluded to above [7, 19]. Next, we outline a method using d ...
... a Floquet-like method (non-Hermitian perturbation theory – nhpt) that treats the xuv field as a monochromatic source. This method has been extensively tested in the context of x-ray absorption on the 1s → 3p resonance of laser-dressed neon, alluded to above [7, 19]. Next, we outline a method using d ...
sums, differences and products of vectors
... such quantities as displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, electric field, and momentum. There are other quantities whose values cannot be represented by either scalars or vectors; examples are color, stress, and inertia. The rules for adding, subtracting, and multiplying scalars are just the f ...
... such quantities as displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, electric field, and momentum. There are other quantities whose values cannot be represented by either scalars or vectors; examples are color, stress, and inertia. The rules for adding, subtracting, and multiplying scalars are just the f ...
Electric Forces and Fields
... electric force to be either attractive or repulsive. In contrast, there is only one type of mass and all masses attract each other via gravitational interaction. Electrical forces between like charges (either both positive or both negative) are repulsive, whereas those between unlike charges are att ...
... electric force to be either attractive or repulsive. In contrast, there is only one type of mass and all masses attract each other via gravitational interaction. Electrical forces between like charges (either both positive or both negative) are repulsive, whereas those between unlike charges are att ...
Line Integrals
... In this Workbook you will learn how to integrate functions involving vectors. You will learn how to evaluate line integrals i.e. where a scalar or a vector is summed along a line or contour. You will be able to evaluate surface and volume integrals where a function involving vectors is summed over a ...
... In this Workbook you will learn how to integrate functions involving vectors. You will learn how to evaluate line integrals i.e. where a scalar or a vector is summed along a line or contour. You will be able to evaluate surface and volume integrals where a function involving vectors is summed over a ...
CHM313 - National Open University of Nigeria
... Atomic and molecular structure and symmetry is a first harmattan semester course. It is a three credit degree course available to all students offering Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Chemistry. It majorly concerns the theoretical studies of the atomic and molecular structures. The interaction of the mo ...
... Atomic and molecular structure and symmetry is a first harmattan semester course. It is a three credit degree course available to all students offering Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Chemistry. It majorly concerns the theoretical studies of the atomic and molecular structures. The interaction of the mo ...
Quantum Optical Multiple Scattering
... of a detector hidden at some distance behind a plate with two slits, which is then illuminated by a light source. This give rise to the detection of a regular pattern which is caused by the interference between the light passing through the different slits. This makes perfect sense because we learne ...
... of a detector hidden at some distance behind a plate with two slits, which is then illuminated by a light source. This give rise to the detection of a regular pattern which is caused by the interference between the light passing through the different slits. This makes perfect sense because we learne ...
Review Assessment: q01
... determines acceleration, not velocity. The force just makes it so that the velocity in this case is decreasing. To say that a positively charged particle can never be approaching another positively charged particle would be like saying that a free ball can never be going upward near the surface of t ...
... determines acceleration, not velocity. The force just makes it so that the velocity in this case is decreasing. To say that a positively charged particle can never be approaching another positively charged particle would be like saying that a free ball can never be going upward near the surface of t ...
Lab Manual of Dielectric Constant
... “A dielectric is defined as an insulating material which can be polarized by applying electric field. When a dielectric is placed in an electric field, electric charges do not flow through the material, but only slightly shift from their average equilibrium positions causing dielectric polarization. ...
... “A dielectric is defined as an insulating material which can be polarized by applying electric field. When a dielectric is placed in an electric field, electric charges do not flow through the material, but only slightly shift from their average equilibrium positions causing dielectric polarization. ...
Circular dichroism
Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light. Left-hand circular (LHC) and right-hand circular (RHC) polarized light represent two possible spin angular momentum states for a photon, and so circular dichroism is also referred to as dichroism for spin angular momentum. This phenomenon was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Biot, Augustin Fresnel, and Aimé Cotton in the first half of the 19th century. It is exhibited in the absorption bands of optically active chiral molecules. CD spectroscopy has a wide range of applications in many different fields. Most notably, UV CD is used to investigate the secondary structure of proteins. UV/Vis CD is used to investigate charge-transfer transitions. Near-infrared CD is used to investigate geometric and electronic structure by probing metal d→d transitions. Vibrational circular dichroism, which uses light from the infrared energy region, is used for structural studies of small organic molecules, and most recently proteins and DNA.