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Computational Electronics Relaxation Time Approximation
Computational Electronics Relaxation Time Approximation

Homogeneous Nucleation and the Spinodal Line
Homogeneous Nucleation and the Spinodal Line

... Consider next the order of magnitude of the three factors on the left side of equation (9): The term (lOID) < 10. R/c p clearly ap­ proaches zero at the spinodal line, but we do not yet know how close Tn is to T s. However, for water at 1 atm, R is 0.46 kJ/kg - K while cp is 4.2 kJ/kg - K at saturat ...
Chemical Thermodynamics
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... equilibrium. It does not, however, say anything about whether an energetically feasible reaction will actually occur as written, and it tells us nothing about the reaction rate or the pathway by which it will occur. The rate of a reaction and its pathway are described by chemical kinetics. (For more ...
astrophysical gyrokinetics: basic equations and linear theory
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Cell Development obeys Maximum Fisher Information

... cell. (See Sec. 7.1 for further details.) Thus the ideal angular position on the NM is likewise x0. However, as with any real information channel, it suffers inevitable noise x of random angular displacement. Here the noise is diffusion due to random collisions with particles of the cytoplasm. Hence ...
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19. The electromagnetic constitutive relations

Lecture Notes on Linear Response Theory
Lecture Notes on Linear Response Theory

... the polymer chains cannot overlap in space. (Although an unphysical microscopic assumption, there are real situations where polymer conformations are nevertheless Gaussian.) Then, Ω(x, N ) above represents the number of such conformations, subject to a given end-to-end separation x. Thus, by the fun ...
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A kinetic model for runaway electrons in the ionosphere

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Kinetics of vanadium carbonitride precipitation in steel: A computer

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... the polymer chains cannot overlap in space. (Although an unphysical microscopic assumption, there are real situations where polymer conformations are nevertheless Gaussian.) Then, Ω(x, N ) above represents the number of such conformations, subject to a given end-to-end separation x. Thus, by the fun ...
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Optical detection of electrokinetically manipulated single molecules

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chemical thermodynamics

book - University of Guelph Physics
book - University of Guelph Physics

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Charge Stabilization in Nonpolar Solvents

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Effects of collisions on conservation laws in gyrokinetic field theory

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Exercises in Statistical Mechanics

Exercises in Statistical Mechanics
Exercises in Statistical Mechanics

Heat Engines, Entropy, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Heat Engines, Entropy, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

... the first to propose the use of an absolute scale of temperature. The Kelvin temperature scale is named in his honor. Kelvin’s work in thermodynamics led to the idea that energy cannot pass spontaneously from a colder object to a hotter object. ...
notes01
notes01

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3.8 Useful Relationships - Molecular Diversity Preservation

... These are only a meager number of engineering applications, and the study of thermodynamics is relevant to the analysis of a much wider range of processes and applications not only in engineering, but also in other fields of science. Therefore, a careful study of this topic is required to improve th ...
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H-theorem



In classical statistical mechanics, the H-theorem, introduced by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872, describes the tendency to increase in the quantity H (defined below) in a nearly-ideal gas of molecules. As this quantity H was meant to represent the entropy of thermodynamics, the H-theorem was an early demonstration of the power of statistical mechanics as it claimed to derive the second law of thermodynamics—a statement about fundamentally irreversible processes—from reversible microscopic mechanics.The H-theorem is a natural consequence of the kinetic equation derived by Boltzmann that has come to be known as Boltzmann's equation. The H-theorem has led to considerable discussion about its actual implications, with major themes being: What is entropy? In what sense does Boltzmann's quantity H correspond to the thermodynamic entropy? Are the assumptions (such as the Stosszahlansatz described below) behind Boltzmann's equation too strong? When are these assumptions violated?↑
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