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Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Testing

...  In t-test, we are interested in µ, but σ is unknown. σ makes things complicated, and is called nuisance parameter  There can be many nuisance parameters. For example, in EFA or CFA, we want to confirm, say, 3 factors with 30 variables. Number of nuisance parameters are at least 90 (=30x3) and 30 ...
Probability Distributions
Probability Distributions

... could have given rise to the observed finite data set. Indeed, any distribution p(x) that is nonzero at each of the data points x1 , . . . , xN is a potential candidate. The issue of choosing an appropriate distribution relates to the problem of model selection that has already been encountered in t ...
PowerPoint - people.csail.mit.edu
PowerPoint - people.csail.mit.edu

Data Mining
Data Mining

... Decision Trees In decision theory (for example risk management), a decision tree is a graph of decisions and their possible consequences, (including resource costs and risks) used to create a plan to reach a goal. Decision trees are constructed in order to help with making decisions. A decision tr ...
Dirichlet mixtures - Center for Bioinformatics and Computational
Dirichlet mixtures - Center for Bioinformatics and Computational

SYSTEM BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS BY MACHINE LEARNING
SYSTEM BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS BY MACHINE LEARNING

... Bag of words We could view Bag of Words (BoW) as a way to quantize continuous feature space. For example, although color space is continuous in terms of optics, human eyes could only distinguish a certain number of colors, such as red, orange, blue, black, green, yellow, . . . . One way to describe ...
Data Mining for Business Analytics
Data Mining for Business Analytics

Dorigo_CHIPP_part2
Dorigo_CHIPP_part2

... • I will discuss the quantification of a signal’s significance later on. For now, let us only deal with our perception of it. • In our daily job as particle physicists, we develop the skill of seeing bumps –even where there aren’t any • It is quite important to realize a couple of things: 1) a likel ...
A Brief Reflection on Automatic Econometric Model
A Brief Reflection on Automatic Econometric Model

... Then two years later I needed to come up with a topic for my thesis. At an internship at the Ministry of Finance I was asked to investigate the price elasticities of motor fuels. Due to the abundant research available on this topic, it was interesting to compare my estimates (based on the extensive ...
Automatically Building Special Purpose Search Engines with
Automatically Building Special Purpose Search Engines with

Crash course in probability theory and statistics – part 1
Crash course in probability theory and statistics – part 1

... Assume that the target variable is in this set, then we make  decisions based on  p(t | x, q ) = p( Ai | x, q ). Put in a different way: we use  p(x,t | q) to classify  x into one of  k  ...
Abstract - Pascal Large Scale Learning Challenge
Abstract - Pascal Large Scale Learning Challenge

... label. This allows an exact calculation of the posterior probability of the models. Efficient search heuristic with super-linear computation time are proposed, on the basis of greedy forward addition and backward elimination of variables. 2.3. Compression-Based Model averaging Model averaging has be ...
CS 636 Computer Vision
CS 636 Computer Vision

Find the Best Prospects for a New Product by Using a Data Mining Model
Find the Best Prospects for a New Product by Using a Data Mining Model

Final Project presentation (20 min)
Final Project presentation (20 min)

Statistical Learning Methods
Statistical Learning Methods

Statistical Learning Methods
Statistical Learning Methods

Dirichlet Enhanced Latent Semantic Analysis
Dirichlet Enhanced Latent Semantic Analysis

... new data (the latter is problematic for PLSI). However, the parametric Dirichlet distribution can be a limitation in applications which exhibit a richer structure. As an illustration, consider Fig. 1 (a) that shows the empirical distribution of three topics. We see that the probability that all thre ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI

... 6. Define dummy variable rule and explain the consequence of introducing m dummy variables for a categorical variable taking m categories in a multiple linear regression model with intercept 7. What is the use of a gains chart? 8. State the methods of hierarchical Clustering 9. Define kth principal ...
Random function priors for exchangeable arrays with applications to
Random function priors for exchangeable arrays with applications to

... if there exists a random probability measure Θ on X such that X1 , X2 , . . . | Θ ∼iid Θ, i.e., conditioned on Θ, the observations are independent and Θ-distributed. From a statistical perspective, Θ represents common structure in the observed data—and thus a natural target of statistical inference— ...
Calculus I for Machine Learning
Calculus I for Machine Learning

Some Applications of Concepts of Sequence and Series
Some Applications of Concepts of Sequence and Series

Fuzzy - Africa Geospatial Forum
Fuzzy - Africa Geospatial Forum

... Identify many possible observations/variables that may be relevant to the problem Determine what subset of those observations is worthwhile to model Organize the observations into variables having mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive states. Build a Directed Acyclic Graph that encodes the ...
Prediction of Power Consumption using Hybrid System
Prediction of Power Consumption using Hybrid System

A brief maximum entropy tutorial
A brief maximum entropy tutorial

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Mixture model

In statistics, a mixture model is a probabilistic model for representing the presence of subpopulations within an overall population, without requiring that an observed data set should identify the sub-population to which an individual observation belongs. Formally a mixture model corresponds to the mixture distribution that represents the probability distribution of observations in the overall population. However, while problems associated with ""mixture distributions"" relate to deriving the properties of the overall population from those of the sub-populations, ""mixture models"" are used to make statistical inferences about the properties of the sub-populations given only observations on the pooled population, without sub-population identity information.Some ways of implementing mixture models involve steps that attribute postulated sub-population-identities to individual observations (or weights towards such sub-populations), in which case these can be regarded as types of unsupervised learning or clustering procedures. However not all inference procedures involve such steps.Mixture models should not be confused with models for compositional data, i.e., data whose components are constrained to sum to a constant value (1, 100%, etc.). However, compositional models can be thought of as mixture models, where members of the population are sampled at random. Conversely, mixture models can be thought of as compositional models, where the total size of the population has been normalized to 1.
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