The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system
... fluids that together modulate the four main levels and states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, sleeping, and orgasmic. Although primarily located within the central channel at the level of the heart hub, where cardiorespiratory rhythms, internal reward, and primal consciousness are regulated, the ...
... fluids that together modulate the four main levels and states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, sleeping, and orgasmic. Although primarily located within the central channel at the level of the heart hub, where cardiorespiratory rhythms, internal reward, and primal consciousness are regulated, the ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
... in these activities because, like most animals, we process and use temporal information across a wide range of intervals (FIG. 1) — in contrast to, for example, the limited range of the light spectrum that we can see. Being able to tell the time is also advantageous for gathering spatial information ...
... in these activities because, like most animals, we process and use temporal information across a wide range of intervals (FIG. 1) — in contrast to, for example, the limited range of the light spectrum that we can see. Being able to tell the time is also advantageous for gathering spatial information ...
Evolving concepts of developmental auditory processing disorder
... These overlaps could arise for a number of reasons. First is the possibility that not all of these disorders are, in fact, distinct from one another. Given that the methods currently used to diagnose APD largely lack an evidence base, and are often based on tests like the SCAN which would be expecte ...
... These overlaps could arise for a number of reasons. First is the possibility that not all of these disorders are, in fact, distinct from one another. Given that the methods currently used to diagnose APD largely lack an evidence base, and are often based on tests like the SCAN which would be expecte ...
A Feedback Model of Visual Attention
... to multiplicatively modulate the synaptic strengths of inter-regional connections so that attended information can be selectively routed to higher cortical regions. Equivalent results can be achieved by using top-down signals to modulate the activity of neurons rather than weights of synapses (Salin ...
... to multiplicatively modulate the synaptic strengths of inter-regional connections so that attended information can be selectively routed to higher cortical regions. Equivalent results can be achieved by using top-down signals to modulate the activity of neurons rather than weights of synapses (Salin ...
Encoding of Movement Fragments in the Motor Cortex
... Figure 1. Evidence for trajectory encoding in the motor cortex. A, Temporal evolution of preferred directions (in 50 ms bins) for four MI neurons relative to movement onset computed in an instructed-delay center-out task to one of eight targets. B, Left, Example of a single successful behavioral tri ...
... Figure 1. Evidence for trajectory encoding in the motor cortex. A, Temporal evolution of preferred directions (in 50 ms bins) for four MI neurons relative to movement onset computed in an instructed-delay center-out task to one of eight targets. B, Left, Example of a single successful behavioral tri ...
Applauding with Closed Hands: Neural Signature of Action
... Given the systematic involvement of the motor system in language processing as shown by neurophysiological and behavioral studies (for reviews, see, [1,2]), the coupling of neural networks between language understanding and action is no longer a matter of debate. However, the interpretation of this ...
... Given the systematic involvement of the motor system in language processing as shown by neurophysiological and behavioral studies (for reviews, see, [1,2]), the coupling of neural networks between language understanding and action is no longer a matter of debate. However, the interpretation of this ...
Imitating others by composition of primitive actions: a neuro
... pool in order to combine them in generating desired actions. A substantial number of engineering as well as theoretical researches have attempted to implement this idea into autonomous agents including robots [4, 5, 6] as a key mechanism to generate their diverse and complex actions. The typical imp ...
... pool in order to combine them in generating desired actions. A substantial number of engineering as well as theoretical researches have attempted to implement this idea into autonomous agents including robots [4, 5, 6] as a key mechanism to generate their diverse and complex actions. The typical imp ...
Pyramidal (Voluntary Motor) System
... lobule, known as the motor homunculus. The corticospinal tract originates from the dorsolateral precentral gyrus (arm/hand region) and rostral paracentral lobule (leg). The corticobulbar tract originates from the ventrolateral precentral gyrus (head). ...
... lobule, known as the motor homunculus. The corticospinal tract originates from the dorsolateral precentral gyrus (arm/hand region) and rostral paracentral lobule (leg). The corticobulbar tract originates from the ventrolateral precentral gyrus (head). ...
Is neocortex essentially multisensory?
... Thus, as in the STS [17] multisensory interactions are optimized by for congruent multisensory stimuli. Auditory and somatosensory processing in visual cortex Auditory sensitivity was reported by early studies in the cat visual cortex [57]. Morrell reported that up to 41% of visual neurons could be ...
... Thus, as in the STS [17] multisensory interactions are optimized by for congruent multisensory stimuli. Auditory and somatosensory processing in visual cortex Auditory sensitivity was reported by early studies in the cat visual cortex [57]. Morrell reported that up to 41% of visual neurons could be ...
Novel Models of Visual Topographic Map Alignment in the Superior
... these studies have focused primarily on the mechanisms by which topographic connectivity is established for a single projection. In regions that integrate visual information, multiple converging inputs must establish topography and be aligned with one another to facilitate integration [5]. Yet, litt ...
... these studies have focused primarily on the mechanisms by which topographic connectivity is established for a single projection. In regions that integrate visual information, multiple converging inputs must establish topography and be aligned with one another to facilitate integration [5]. Yet, litt ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... Previous studies from our laboratory have provided experimental evidence that motor and sensory neurons in the vicinity of classical acupuncture points follow a segmental pattern in the nervous system.14 15 17 In the present study, we have confirmed that this is also true of acupuncture point LI11, ...
... Previous studies from our laboratory have provided experimental evidence that motor and sensory neurons in the vicinity of classical acupuncture points follow a segmental pattern in the nervous system.14 15 17 In the present study, we have confirmed that this is also true of acupuncture point LI11, ...
Cartesian spatial coordinates Computing reaching dynamics in
... more concise and structured expressions for the EOM, but consistency among the spatial vector must be maintained. The terms in the EOMs in a fixed spatial reference frame are vector cross products between spatial positions and velocities or accelerations of the limbs and have many of the properties ...
... more concise and structured expressions for the EOM, but consistency among the spatial vector must be maintained. The terms in the EOMs in a fixed spatial reference frame are vector cross products between spatial positions and velocities or accelerations of the limbs and have many of the properties ...
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
... The CNS communicates with peripheral body structures through pathways. These pathways conduct either sensory or motor information; processing and integration occur continuously along them. These pathways travel through the white matter of the brainstem and/or spinal cord as they connect various CNS ...
... The CNS communicates with peripheral body structures through pathways. These pathways conduct either sensory or motor information; processing and integration occur continuously along them. These pathways travel through the white matter of the brainstem and/or spinal cord as they connect various CNS ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... According to this canonical model of cortical circuitry1, informa tion from the thalamus enters the cortex by way of thalamocortical synapses onto neurons in cortical layer 4 (L4), and these L4 neurons then transmit information to neurons in L2/3 and then to layer 5 (L5) (for example, refs. 2,3). T ...
... According to this canonical model of cortical circuitry1, informa tion from the thalamus enters the cortex by way of thalamocortical synapses onto neurons in cortical layer 4 (L4), and these L4 neurons then transmit information to neurons in L2/3 and then to layer 5 (L5) (for example, refs. 2,3). T ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... gence of the literature toward viewing dendrites and their ion channels as facilitators of the two conjoined goals of efficiently encoding incoming local information and maintaining homeostasis through this process. Functional maps across neurons constitute a common design principle in various regio ...
... gence of the literature toward viewing dendrites and their ion channels as facilitators of the two conjoined goals of efficiently encoding incoming local information and maintaining homeostasis through this process. Functional maps across neurons constitute a common design principle in various regio ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells, such that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased. Hebb Rule 4wi,j = λ oi oj Instrumental in Binding of.. pieces of an image words of a song multisensory in ...
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells, such that A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased. Hebb Rule 4wi,j = λ oi oj Instrumental in Binding of.. pieces of an image words of a song multisensory in ...
primary motor cortex
... Anterior to the precentral gyrus Controls learned, repetitious or patterned motor skills Coordinates simultaneous or sequential actions Involved in the planning of movements that depend on sensory feedback ...
... Anterior to the precentral gyrus Controls learned, repetitious or patterned motor skills Coordinates simultaneous or sequential actions Involved in the planning of movements that depend on sensory feedback ...
cerebral cortex, sensations and movements
... kinematics to kinetics. However, closer to the truth, the motor cortex, may be involved in the final stage of transformation from kinematics to kinetics or may implement kinetics based on instructions offered by lateral premotor cortex or supplementary motor area. However, motor cortex involvement i ...
... kinematics to kinetics. However, closer to the truth, the motor cortex, may be involved in the final stage of transformation from kinematics to kinetics or may implement kinetics based on instructions offered by lateral premotor cortex or supplementary motor area. However, motor cortex involvement i ...
The computational and neural basis of voluntary motor control and
... and is generated entirely by the spinal cord. Activity after 100ms has traditionally been viewed as ‘voluntary’, because movement-related EMG can be generated at this time from visual or somatosensory stimuli [40]. The time from 50 to 100 ms is termed the long latency response and involves both spi ...
... and is generated entirely by the spinal cord. Activity after 100ms has traditionally been viewed as ‘voluntary’, because movement-related EMG can be generated at this time from visual or somatosensory stimuli [40]. The time from 50 to 100 ms is termed the long latency response and involves both spi ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... KrLuger and Aiple [24]. Each =ring is denoted by a vertical bar, with a separate row for each neuron. For comparison we have shaded an interval of 150 ms. This time span is known to suMce for the completion of some complex multilayer cortical computations. ...
... KrLuger and Aiple [24]. Each =ring is denoted by a vertical bar, with a separate row for each neuron. For comparison we have shaded an interval of 150 ms. This time span is known to suMce for the completion of some complex multilayer cortical computations. ...
Unit 1 SPPA 342
... on the other hand, cannot be initiated by touching any particular area in the oral cavity. The gag reflex and the swallow response also differ in terms of neurological control. The gag reflex is completely controlled by the brain stem. The swallow, on the other hand, is only partially controlled by ...
... on the other hand, cannot be initiated by touching any particular area in the oral cavity. The gag reflex and the swallow response also differ in terms of neurological control. The gag reflex is completely controlled by the brain stem. The swallow, on the other hand, is only partially controlled by ...
Are fast/slow process in motor adaptation and forward/inverse
... Motor adaptation is tuning of motor commands to compensate the disturbances in the outside environment and/or in the sensory-motor system. In spite of various theoretical and empirical studies, mechanism by which the brain learns to adapt has not been clearly understood. Among different computationa ...
... Motor adaptation is tuning of motor commands to compensate the disturbances in the outside environment and/or in the sensory-motor system. In spite of various theoretical and empirical studies, mechanism by which the brain learns to adapt has not been clearly understood. Among different computationa ...
An Introduction to Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
... • From toes arrives at one end of the primary sensory cortex • From the head arrives at the other • When neurons in one portion of your primary sensory cortex are stimulated, ...
... • From toes arrives at one end of the primary sensory cortex • From the head arrives at the other • When neurons in one portion of your primary sensory cortex are stimulated, ...
Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... going back to a motor center, Perrone and Krauzlis in the original figure send it back as a sensory input to “perception of movement” to the right of the brain and outside the brain. This has been modified to go back to the brain in this figure. ...
... going back to a motor center, Perrone and Krauzlis in the original figure send it back as a sensory input to “perception of movement” to the right of the brain and outside the brain. This has been modified to go back to the brain in this figure. ...
Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated using one excitatory cell as an example: E→I connection is shown in black, I→E connections are shown in red. feedforward connections between the last two stages of each m ...
... excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated using one excitatory cell as an example: E→I connection is shown in black, I→E connections are shown in red. feedforward connections between the last two stages of each m ...