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... tion responses (Figure 2A). Surprisingly, visual reliability did not significantly influence audiovisual weighting in lower visual or auditory areas. Only higher parietal cortices (IPS0–IPS4) were governed by the classical reliability-driven reweighting with more weight being given to the auditory s ...
... tion responses (Figure 2A). Surprisingly, visual reliability did not significantly influence audiovisual weighting in lower visual or auditory areas. Only higher parietal cortices (IPS0–IPS4) were governed by the classical reliability-driven reweighting with more weight being given to the auditory s ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... long stimulation trains did not resemble muscle twitches or segregated joint rotations. Instead they were complex, involved many joints in coordination, and often resembled meaningful actions such as putting the hand to the mouth and opening the mouth, making a defensive gesture as if to ward off an ...
... long stimulation trains did not resemble muscle twitches or segregated joint rotations. Instead they were complex, involved many joints in coordination, and often resembled meaningful actions such as putting the hand to the mouth and opening the mouth, making a defensive gesture as if to ward off an ...
associations
... •In an auto-associative memory, yk = xk , so the input and output spaces have the same dimensionality. In a hetero-associative memory, yk xk , hence in this case the dimensionality of the output space may or may not equal the dimensionality of the input space. •There are two phases involved in the ...
... •In an auto-associative memory, yk = xk , so the input and output spaces have the same dimensionality. In a hetero-associative memory, yk xk , hence in this case the dimensionality of the output space may or may not equal the dimensionality of the input space. •There are two phases involved in the ...
Central nervous system control of the laryngeal muscles in humans
... Most of the functions that involve the larynx require both intrinsic and extrinsic muscle control, although very little research has addressed how the effects of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles may interact to produce laryngeal movement. Honda et al. (1999) have shown that raising and lowering t ...
... Most of the functions that involve the larynx require both intrinsic and extrinsic muscle control, although very little research has addressed how the effects of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles may interact to produce laryngeal movement. Honda et al. (1999) have shown that raising and lowering t ...
Research in Mammalian Mastication1
... The program selector is connected to and capable of generating rhythmic motor activities have been defined in many organ- the actual motor subroutines by the selecisms (Delcomyn, 1980). CPGs are capable tor interneurons (C in Fig. 1); these output of generating properly timed and some- neurons speci ...
... The program selector is connected to and capable of generating rhythmic motor activities have been defined in many organ- the actual motor subroutines by the selecisms (Delcomyn, 1980). CPGs are capable tor interneurons (C in Fig. 1); these output of generating properly timed and some- neurons speci ...
Plastic Effect of Tetanic Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials
... Figure 3: Altered patterns of stimulation can alter the tonotopic map in the auditory cortex. Stimulation of the cortex or the cochlea electrically as well as acoustic stimulation can change the tonotopic map, as shown for different animal models (Stanton and Harrison, 1996). ....................... ...
... Figure 3: Altered patterns of stimulation can alter the tonotopic map in the auditory cortex. Stimulation of the cortex or the cochlea electrically as well as acoustic stimulation can change the tonotopic map, as shown for different animal models (Stanton and Harrison, 1996). ....................... ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
Auditory Pathways and Processes
... The central auditory system begins when the peripheral mechanical process is transformed into electrical impulses and conveyed to the brain via the auditory nerve, a branch of the eighth cranial nerve. From there the signal travels both ipsi- and contralaterally through a series of relay stations un ...
... The central auditory system begins when the peripheral mechanical process is transformed into electrical impulses and conveyed to the brain via the auditory nerve, a branch of the eighth cranial nerve. From there the signal travels both ipsi- and contralaterally through a series of relay stations un ...
Paying attention to consciousness - What is Neuro
... scious experience. The tactic of this paper is therefore initially to concentrate on attention and only afterwards explore how consciousness might arise from inside the resulting neural model of attention. We will be able to use the qualitative features of consciousness, mentioned under the first th ...
... scious experience. The tactic of this paper is therefore initially to concentrate on attention and only afterwards explore how consciousness might arise from inside the resulting neural model of attention. We will be able to use the qualitative features of consciousness, mentioned under the first th ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. The sound intensity was adjusted to 70 dB SPL at the floor of the cage. This tonal stimulus was repeated at 1 Hz throughout the exp ...
... an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. The sound intensity was adjusted to 70 dB SPL at the floor of the cage. This tonal stimulus was repeated at 1 Hz throughout the exp ...
computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... and monkey primates during action observation and action execution (Raos et al., 2004; Raos et al., 2007; Kilintari et al., 2010; Evangeliou et al., 2008). Results have identified a common representational substrate between motor observation and motor execution, suggesting that ther ...
... and monkey primates during action observation and action execution (Raos et al., 2004; Raos et al., 2007; Kilintari et al., 2010; Evangeliou et al., 2008). Results have identified a common representational substrate between motor observation and motor execution, suggesting that ther ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... this manner, the map represents discrete information such as neuronal identity (Figure 1.1A) (Luo and Flanagan, 2007). The paradigm for continuous maps is the retinotopic map in the visual system. In vertebrates, retinal neurons convey visual information from the retina to the optic tectum forming ...
... this manner, the map represents discrete information such as neuronal identity (Figure 1.1A) (Luo and Flanagan, 2007). The paradigm for continuous maps is the retinotopic map in the visual system. In vertebrates, retinal neurons convey visual information from the retina to the optic tectum forming ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... When we listen to a friend in a noisy café, the segregation between information and noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortic ...
... When we listen to a friend in a noisy café, the segregation between information and noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortic ...
Neural constraints on learning
... ‘intuitive mapping’ by specifying a control space that the monkey used to move the cursor proficiently (Extended Data Fig. 1). At the beginning of each day we also characterized how each neural unit changed its activity relative to the other neural units (that is, how the neural units co-modulated). ...
... ‘intuitive mapping’ by specifying a control space that the monkey used to move the cursor proficiently (Extended Data Fig. 1). At the beginning of each day we also characterized how each neural unit changed its activity relative to the other neural units (that is, how the neural units co-modulated). ...
The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge
... neurons, both with bilateral outputs, the persisting inhibition was most likely due to spikes in CDI_s contralateral partner cell. However, we could not rule out the possibility of parallel inhibitory neurons. To examine whether the CDIs are the only neurons mediating the inhibition of the auditory ...
... neurons, both with bilateral outputs, the persisting inhibition was most likely due to spikes in CDI_s contralateral partner cell. However, we could not rule out the possibility of parallel inhibitory neurons. To examine whether the CDIs are the only neurons mediating the inhibition of the auditory ...
22 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Motor System in Humans
... complexity of the observed arrangement and the early researchers also reported on many complex features of primary motor cortex organization, such as overlapping functional codes of different movements and dynamic changes of function performed by a particular cortical location. For example, Jackson ...
... complexity of the observed arrangement and the early researchers also reported on many complex features of primary motor cortex organization, such as overlapping functional codes of different movements and dynamic changes of function performed by a particular cortical location. For example, Jackson ...
Voluntary Movement: The Primary Motor Cortex
... It was not until later in the 19th century, however, when improved anesthesia and aseptic surgical techniques allowed direct experimental study of the cerebral cortex in live subjects, that conclusive experimental evidence for a discrete region of the cerebral cortex devoted to motor function was po ...
... It was not until later in the 19th century, however, when improved anesthesia and aseptic surgical techniques allowed direct experimental study of the cerebral cortex in live subjects, that conclusive experimental evidence for a discrete region of the cerebral cortex devoted to motor function was po ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, left view). At the end of the axon, synapses connect one neuron to another, and at the arrival of each individual spike, the synapses may release neurotransmitters along the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters are taken up by the neuron at the recei ...
... of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, left view). At the end of the axon, synapses connect one neuron to another, and at the arrival of each individual spike, the synapses may release neurotransmitters along the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters are taken up by the neuron at the recei ...
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... mapping. The presence of orderly tonotopic representations is a key feature of the three core areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary audit ...
... mapping. The presence of orderly tonotopic representations is a key feature of the three core areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary audit ...
Linear visuomotor transformations in midbrain superior colliculus
... twice the peak velocity of a 10-deg saccade), and a duration of 75 ms. The 10-deg horizontal component of this oblique saccade then also has a duration of 75 ms, and a reduced peak velocity of only 275 deg/s (halve the velocity of the total vector). This phenomenon is called \component stretching", ...
... twice the peak velocity of a 10-deg saccade), and a duration of 75 ms. The 10-deg horizontal component of this oblique saccade then also has a duration of 75 ms, and a reduced peak velocity of only 275 deg/s (halve the velocity of the total vector). This phenomenon is called \component stretching", ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... (80–800 Hz). These data were used to construct the isointensity response curves. Stimuli consisted of 100 repetitions of 40 ms ramped tone bursts (10 ms rise and fall; 20 ms plateau; 8.3 Hz repetition rate) at frequencies of 80–800 Hz (80, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800 Hz). The frequency respons ...
... (80–800 Hz). These data were used to construct the isointensity response curves. Stimuli consisted of 100 repetitions of 40 ms ramped tone bursts (10 ms rise and fall; 20 ms plateau; 8.3 Hz repetition rate) at frequencies of 80–800 Hz (80, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800 Hz). The frequency respons ...
Patterns of sensory intermodality relationships in the cerebral cortex
... sections were delineated according to the Nissl, AchE, distances from coronal sections, relying on previous parcelmyelin stains, and their relation to the pattern of callosal lation schemes (Donoghue and Wise, '82; Zilles, '85). As in the coronal sections, the lateral border of the connections. The ...
... sections were delineated according to the Nissl, AchE, distances from coronal sections, relying on previous parcelmyelin stains, and their relation to the pattern of callosal lation schemes (Donoghue and Wise, '82; Zilles, '85). As in the coronal sections, the lateral border of the connections. The ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2015) 142, 3704-3712 doi:10.1242/dev.128736 ...
... © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2015) 142, 3704-3712 doi:10.1242/dev.128736 ...
Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2015) 142, 3704-3712 doi:10.1242/dev.128736 ...
... © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2015) 142, 3704-3712 doi:10.1242/dev.128736 ...