Exercice N°1 : Laser à 4 niveaux
... 4) We suppose that, without laser action, every absorbed pump photon gives a spontaneous photon at 1064 nm. Show that the relation between n0 and Pabs is ...
... 4) We suppose that, without laser action, every absorbed pump photon gives a spontaneous photon at 1064 nm. Show that the relation between n0 and Pabs is ...
2 Fabry-Perot resonator
... Ray tracing is an practical implementation of paraxial ray analysis in optical system design. It’s foundation is the paraxial approximation of Snell, that is sin θ ≃ θ. The thin lens equation 1/ f = 1/a + 1/b is only valid in that case. ...
... Ray tracing is an practical implementation of paraxial ray analysis in optical system design. It’s foundation is the paraxial approximation of Snell, that is sin θ ≃ θ. The thin lens equation 1/ f = 1/a + 1/b is only valid in that case. ...
Observation of modulational instability in Bose
... represents a truly distinctive signature of a MI regime. Figure 4 displays the evolution of a simulated BEC undergoing MI, which resembles the typical evolution observed in experiments. Condensate breakup gives rise to the formation of spatial components, which become clear and separated once MI amp ...
... represents a truly distinctive signature of a MI regime. Figure 4 displays the evolution of a simulated BEC undergoing MI, which resembles the typical evolution observed in experiments. Condensate breakup gives rise to the formation of spatial components, which become clear and separated once MI amp ...
Off-axis compressed holographic microscopy in low
... acquisition setup consists of a frame exposed with the reference beam alone and subtracted to a frame exposed with light in the object channel, beating against the reference, to yield the holographic signal. This setup prevents any object motion artifact that would potentially occur with phase-shift ...
... acquisition setup consists of a frame exposed with the reference beam alone and subtracted to a frame exposed with light in the object channel, beating against the reference, to yield the holographic signal. This setup prevents any object motion artifact that would potentially occur with phase-shift ...
The Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science
... exhibit sharp streaks as shown in Fig. 2(E). Such diffraction images indicate that the nanodroplets are extremely flat, or ‘wheel-shaped’ with two almost parallel surfaces. From the extreme shape distortions it can be concluded that the droplets spin with rotational velocities beyond classical stabi ...
... exhibit sharp streaks as shown in Fig. 2(E). Such diffraction images indicate that the nanodroplets are extremely flat, or ‘wheel-shaped’ with two almost parallel surfaces. From the extreme shape distortions it can be concluded that the droplets spin with rotational velocities beyond classical stabi ...
Ray tracing yair
... For the numbers just quoted, I = 191.7 μm which is large when compared with the radius of the fiber. Most fibers have a change in index much less than the value chosen here, and hence L is even larger. •Because of the inequality we can use the first term for n and the derivative of the second for dn ...
... For the numbers just quoted, I = 191.7 μm which is large when compared with the radius of the fiber. Most fibers have a change in index much less than the value chosen here, and hence L is even larger. •Because of the inequality we can use the first term for n and the derivative of the second for dn ...
bright field microscopy
... DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY: • A special condenser lens is used to illuminate the specimen diagonally, then observe light scattering off it. • The field of view is darker than bright field microscopy because illumination light does not enter the objective lens. • Oblique illumination is used to increase ...
... DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY: • A special condenser lens is used to illuminate the specimen diagonally, then observe light scattering off it. • The field of view is darker than bright field microscopy because illumination light does not enter the objective lens. • Oblique illumination is used to increase ...
FT-IR Glossary - Thermo Fisher Scientific
... Beam Path The route followed by the infrared beam as it travels from the source to the detector. Using an accessory such as a GC interface or an infrared microscope changes the beam path, since the beam must pass through the accessory before reaching the detector. Beamsplitter Any optical device for ...
... Beam Path The route followed by the infrared beam as it travels from the source to the detector. Using an accessory such as a GC interface or an infrared microscope changes the beam path, since the beam must pass through the accessory before reaching the detector. Beamsplitter Any optical device for ...
Full-Text PDF
... plane. They are deduced from the classical formula of Gaussian beams. It is important to note that this formulation allows the description of cylindrical systems, by separation of the two transfer matrices along both transverse axes : M1x and M1y . The details of this calculus can be found in the ap ...
... plane. They are deduced from the classical formula of Gaussian beams. It is important to note that this formulation allows the description of cylindrical systems, by separation of the two transfer matrices along both transverse axes : M1x and M1y . The details of this calculus can be found in the ap ...
Extraordinary optical transmission by interference of diffracted
... subwavelength apertures and the peak intensity will reduce with increase in slit width due to sharp decrease in amplitude of boundary diffraction wave away from the geometrically illuminated to geometrically shadowed transition boundary. Here we have considered a single diffraction only but, actuall ...
... subwavelength apertures and the peak intensity will reduce with increase in slit width due to sharp decrease in amplitude of boundary diffraction wave away from the geometrically illuminated to geometrically shadowed transition boundary. Here we have considered a single diffraction only but, actuall ...
High-resolution measurement of phase singularities
... difference between two subsequent diffraction orders is exactly equal to one wavelength. This means that the screw-like phase distribution produced by the CGH has an additional 2p phase shift. This will lead to a beam in the second order which carries a singularity that has twice the strength of the s ...
... difference between two subsequent diffraction orders is exactly equal to one wavelength. This means that the screw-like phase distribution produced by the CGH has an additional 2p phase shift. This will lead to a beam in the second order which carries a singularity that has twice the strength of the s ...
“The Rayleigh range of Gaussian Schell
... In recent years considerable attention has been paid to partially coherent beams. Such beams are ®nding useful applications, in part because they do not give rise to speckle e ects as pronounced as with highly coherent beams (see [6], particularly section 4.4) and also because they are less a ecte ...
... In recent years considerable attention has been paid to partially coherent beams. Such beams are ®nding useful applications, in part because they do not give rise to speckle e ects as pronounced as with highly coherent beams (see [6], particularly section 4.4) and also because they are less a ecte ...
CC_A3_C2_photo2_old
... • Replace the mercury vapor lamp an excimer laser source with shorter wavelength emission – ArF – 193 nM – Shorter wavelength than so-called “deep UV” peak of 248nM – F2 Laser – Low output but at 157nM ...
... • Replace the mercury vapor lamp an excimer laser source with shorter wavelength emission – ArF – 193 nM – Shorter wavelength than so-called “deep UV” peak of 248nM – F2 Laser – Low output but at 157nM ...
optical properties of dielectric mirrors, produced by large area glass
... 96%, and in case of Cr it is about 65%. However, it is well-known that the mechanical durability of FSM is much lower, therefore, their application is greatly limited. In case of mirrors, the light reflection takes place on one surface, while the contribution of the optical interference is negligibl ...
... 96%, and in case of Cr it is about 65%. However, it is well-known that the mechanical durability of FSM is much lower, therefore, their application is greatly limited. In case of mirrors, the light reflection takes place on one surface, while the contribution of the optical interference is negligibl ...
OPTICAL FILTER COATINGS
... Optics interference filters enable rapid and accurate measurement of the amplitude of specific spectral lines. This combination has an enormous throughput advantage since the collecting area of filters is very large compared to instrumental slits. Additionally, interference filters enable the viewin ...
... Optics interference filters enable rapid and accurate measurement of the amplitude of specific spectral lines. This combination has an enormous throughput advantage since the collecting area of filters is very large compared to instrumental slits. Additionally, interference filters enable the viewin ...
The Absolute Sensitivity of Lens and Compound Eyes
... round, however, this number is bigger by more than a factor of 100. Only for an extended optical environment does the moth eye become more sensitive than a human eye, as far as photometric arguments are considered. Finally the performance of a third type of com pound eye that has been analyzed in s ...
... round, however, this number is bigger by more than a factor of 100. Only for an extended optical environment does the moth eye become more sensitive than a human eye, as far as photometric arguments are considered. Finally the performance of a third type of com pound eye that has been analyzed in s ...
FTIR Instrumentation
... output spectrum are calculated from the known frequency of the laser light. An FTIR spectrometer easily achieves frequency precision and accuracy of better than 0.01 wavenumbers. This means that spectra collected with an FTIR spectrometer can be quantitatively compared whether they were collected fi ...
... output spectrum are calculated from the known frequency of the laser light. An FTIR spectrometer easily achieves frequency precision and accuracy of better than 0.01 wavenumbers. This means that spectra collected with an FTIR spectrometer can be quantitatively compared whether they were collected fi ...
a flat high-frequency scanning micromirror - EECS: www
... silicon in a later step). The alignment of this step is critical because misalignment between the moving combteeth and the fixed combteeth can lead to instability in the torsional combdrive. We have typically been able to achieve better than 0.2 µm alignment between the BURIED pattern and the FRONTS ...
... silicon in a later step). The alignment of this step is critical because misalignment between the moving combteeth and the fixed combteeth can lead to instability in the torsional combdrive. We have typically been able to achieve better than 0.2 µm alignment between the BURIED pattern and the FRONTS ...
Lasers-An Overview
... Conventional light sources emit light in all directions. Lasers emit light only in one direction (along cavity axis). ...
... Conventional light sources emit light in all directions. Lasers emit light only in one direction (along cavity axis). ...
Di raction and Interference PRECAUTION
... Is light a wave or a particle? The Dutch physicist Christiann Huygens (1629-1695) advocated that light was a wave. Huygens principle is often used to describe how waves in general propagate. In 1704 Newton published the first edition of his book Optiks in which he championed the notion that light co ...
... Is light a wave or a particle? The Dutch physicist Christiann Huygens (1629-1695) advocated that light was a wave. Huygens principle is often used to describe how waves in general propagate. In 1704 Newton published the first edition of his book Optiks in which he championed the notion that light co ...
TS2
... of 45%, light is evanescent in the black regions of Fig. 2B. Full two-dimensional photonic band gaps exist within the black fingershaped regions, some of which extend into  ⬍ k where light is free to propagate in vacuum. This result indicates that hollow-core ...
... of 45%, light is evanescent in the black regions of Fig. 2B. Full two-dimensional photonic band gaps exist within the black fingershaped regions, some of which extend into  ⬍ k where light is free to propagate in vacuum. This result indicates that hollow-core ...
Optical tweezers
Optical tweezers (originally called ""single-beam gradient force trap"") are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects similar to tweezers. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years.