The Balance Detector
... The response near zero of balance detectors 1 through 5 were measured, and the results are shown in Figure 2. The error bars on the figure represent the in-quadraturecombined range of the fluctuations of the two readings on the power meter, as judged by the human making the measurements. While the r ...
... The response near zero of balance detectors 1 through 5 were measured, and the results are shown in Figure 2. The error bars on the figure represent the in-quadraturecombined range of the fluctuations of the two readings on the power meter, as judged by the human making the measurements. While the r ...
Alternative Beam Splitter/Compensator Configurations for Reduction
... The techniques of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy using the Michelson interferometer have been in development since the 1950s. 1 The fundamentals of these techniques were well documented in the 1970 Aspen International Conference on Fourier Spectroscopy.2 The conventional Fourier Transform Spectromet ...
... The techniques of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy using the Michelson interferometer have been in development since the 1950s. 1 The fundamentals of these techniques were well documented in the 1970 Aspen International Conference on Fourier Spectroscopy.2 The conventional Fourier Transform Spectromet ...
2 Ultrafast Lasers and Amplifiers
... A diagram of a basic self mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator showing the cavity layout. The pulse is coupled out from the dispersed end of the cavity, which requires a pair of matching extracavity prisms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ...
... A diagram of a basic self mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator showing the cavity layout. The pulse is coupled out from the dispersed end of the cavity, which requires a pair of matching extracavity prisms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ...
5 Optical Fibers
... The light ray incident at an angle greater than the critical angle can propagate down the waveguide through a series of total reflections at the interface between the two dielectrics. The ray shown in Figure 5.3 is referred to as a “meridional ray” because it passes through the axis of the fiber. Fo ...
... The light ray incident at an angle greater than the critical angle can propagate down the waveguide through a series of total reflections at the interface between the two dielectrics. The ray shown in Figure 5.3 is referred to as a “meridional ray” because it passes through the axis of the fiber. Fo ...
full text pdf
... The practical execution of WDD systems needs an efficient method for extracting light of one wavelength from light containing a number of other different discrete wavelengths that are assumed to be already propagating in a fibre. The operation of fibre filters typically involves energy transfer over ...
... The practical execution of WDD systems needs an efficient method for extracting light of one wavelength from light containing a number of other different discrete wavelengths that are assumed to be already propagating in a fibre. The operation of fibre filters typically involves energy transfer over ...
Optical Studies and Micro-Structure Modeling of the Circular-Polarizing Scarab Beetles Cetonia aurata
... we verify an earlier structural model for the Cetonia aurata and make way for similar models of the other two species. The ellipsometer used in this work is of dual rotating compensator type from which the complete Mueller-matrix for the medium examined can be obtained. The ellipsometric measurement ...
... we verify an earlier structural model for the Cetonia aurata and make way for similar models of the other two species. The ellipsometer used in this work is of dual rotating compensator type from which the complete Mueller-matrix for the medium examined can be obtained. The ellipsometric measurement ...
Transformational Plasmon Optics Yongmin Liu, Thomas Zentgraf, Guy Bartal,
... energy resides in the dielectric medium. For instance, more than 95% of the total energy of SPPs at an air-silver interface is carried in the dielectric for wavelengths larger than 600 nm. Since the most energy is carried in the evanescent field outside the metal, it is rational to control SPPs by o ...
... energy resides in the dielectric medium. For instance, more than 95% of the total energy of SPPs at an air-silver interface is carried in the dielectric for wavelengths larger than 600 nm. Since the most energy is carried in the evanescent field outside the metal, it is rational to control SPPs by o ...
Applications of Geometric Phase in Optics
... light traveling on a certain path in real space. A calculation of the phase of the wave after the path cannot be based only on the optical path length or the time evolution of the Hamiltonian, a phase that is now referred to as the dynamical phase. Berry pointed out that there is an additional phase ...
... light traveling on a certain path in real space. A calculation of the phase of the wave after the path cannot be based only on the optical path length or the time evolution of the Hamiltonian, a phase that is now referred to as the dynamical phase. Berry pointed out that there is an additional phase ...
Polarimeter - ScholarWorks@UNO
... medium. The light is electrically detected and provides a signal which may, by Fourier analysis, be broken into 25 terms. The coef?cients of those 25 terms, by rela tively easy calculations, provide the 16 elements of the Mueller matrix. An electrical element is provided for optically simulating the ...
... medium. The light is electrically detected and provides a signal which may, by Fourier analysis, be broken into 25 terms. The coef?cients of those 25 terms, by rela tively easy calculations, provide the 16 elements of the Mueller matrix. An electrical element is provided for optically simulating the ...
c =λ* f λ = wavelength
... One of the basic physical principles (which is the basis of a subject in physics called Thermodynamics) is that: Every system in nature "prefers" to be in the lowest energy state. This state is called the Ground state. As an example, we mentioned this principle in the Bohr model of the atom. When en ...
... One of the basic physical principles (which is the basis of a subject in physics called Thermodynamics) is that: Every system in nature "prefers" to be in the lowest energy state. This state is called the Ground state. As an example, we mentioned this principle in the Bohr model of the atom. When en ...
Ultra -Short- Pulse Laser Technology and Applications
... ating multi-shot damage [9]. The different shapes of the ablation craters depicted in the four micrographs can be clearly seen. Picosecond ablation yields a very irregular hole, while shorter and shorter pulses give rise to eventually completely smooth holes as the last photograph shows being create ...
... ating multi-shot damage [9]. The different shapes of the ablation craters depicted in the four micrographs can be clearly seen. Picosecond ablation yields a very irregular hole, while shorter and shorter pulses give rise to eventually completely smooth holes as the last photograph shows being create ...
Atom interferometry with fermionic and bosonic isotopes of strontium
... the first test of the WEP, for quantum probe masses with deeply different internal characteristics. Indeed, they do not only undergo different statistics (one is a boson, one is a fermion), but one has a spin, while the other is a spin-less particle. This was also a favorable system to look for poss ...
... the first test of the WEP, for quantum probe masses with deeply different internal characteristics. Indeed, they do not only undergo different statistics (one is a boson, one is a fermion), but one has a spin, while the other is a spin-less particle. This was also a favorable system to look for poss ...
Optical Fuzzy Logic for Low-Power Satellite
... scalar 1 at NOR, a positive result sends it down to the second A element. Since the scalar 1 only passes through B when A is negative, it will be passed through the second A element to the OR output. The reader should take the time to convince himself that the 1 will always arrive at either OR or NO ...
... scalar 1 at NOR, a positive result sends it down to the second A element. Since the scalar 1 only passes through B when A is negative, it will be passed through the second A element to the OR output. The reader should take the time to convince himself that the 1 will always arrive at either OR or NO ...
Focus Variation – a Robust Technology for High
... engineering parts. Traditionally, 3D measurements have been performed merely by tactile devices, which can be divided into two main categories. Among the first are contact stylus systems for the measurement of small scale surface features such as surface roughness. These systems typically operate wi ...
... engineering parts. Traditionally, 3D measurements have been performed merely by tactile devices, which can be divided into two main categories. Among the first are contact stylus systems for the measurement of small scale surface features such as surface roughness. These systems typically operate wi ...
Microscopes - Biozentrum
... source, using an opal bulb, or placing an opal glass diffuser in front of the light source. However, all these techniques, although effective in reducing the filament image to a certain degree, had the effect of reducing the quality and uniformity of light reaching the sample. Reducing the power of ...
... source, using an opal bulb, or placing an opal glass diffuser in front of the light source. However, all these techniques, although effective in reducing the filament image to a certain degree, had the effect of reducing the quality and uniformity of light reaching the sample. Reducing the power of ...
Relation between nonlinear refractive index and
... would be performed all-optically through the use of thirdorder optical nonlinearities. Thus, in recent years, thirdorder nonlinearities have been studied experimentally in a large variety of artificial materials, which include homogeneous bulk glasses and polymers2,3 and nano- and mesoscopically str ...
... would be performed all-optically through the use of thirdorder optical nonlinearities. Thus, in recent years, thirdorder nonlinearities have been studied experimentally in a large variety of artificial materials, which include homogeneous bulk glasses and polymers2,3 and nano- and mesoscopically str ...
Concept of the equiphase sphere for light scattering by nonspherical
... Mie theory and its extensions.2,3 However, because most particles of interest are neither spherical nor homogeneous, their scattering properties cannot be obtained analytically. Numerical methods for solving Maxwell’s equations or approximate techniques are needed in such circumstances. In previous ...
... Mie theory and its extensions.2,3 However, because most particles of interest are neither spherical nor homogeneous, their scattering properties cannot be obtained analytically. Numerical methods for solving Maxwell’s equations or approximate techniques are needed in such circumstances. In previous ...
recent advances - University of St Andrews
... sufficiently low threshold to be pumped by a much smaller laser – a microchip laser the size of a large matchbox20. A similar pumping scheme has also been applied to evaporated organic semiconductor lasers39. The pump and polymer lasers are shown together in Fig. 6. It is even possible to hold the p ...
... sufficiently low threshold to be pumped by a much smaller laser – a microchip laser the size of a large matchbox20. A similar pumping scheme has also been applied to evaporated organic semiconductor lasers39. The pump and polymer lasers are shown together in Fig. 6. It is even possible to hold the p ...
PDF only
... the development of the first semiconductor lasers, external modulators and photodetectors offering a bandwidth in the GHz range, together with the first lowloss single-mode fibers, we can view now the 1970’s as the birth of RF photonics [2]. Some of the applications based on these technologies (such ...
... the development of the first semiconductor lasers, external modulators and photodetectors offering a bandwidth in the GHz range, together with the first lowloss single-mode fibers, we can view now the 1970’s as the birth of RF photonics [2]. Some of the applications based on these technologies (such ...
Quadrature phase-shift error analysis using a homodyne laser
... In the first step we applied a correcting transformation fixing the slight V(I) nonlinearities of both photodiodes. The signals were then low-pass filtered, thereby eliminating the unwanted high-frequency noise with an adjustable cutoff. The filtered signals were later separately normalized accordin ...
... In the first step we applied a correcting transformation fixing the slight V(I) nonlinearities of both photodiodes. The signals were then low-pass filtered, thereby eliminating the unwanted high-frequency noise with an adjustable cutoff. The filtered signals were later separately normalized accordin ...
Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene
... ±0.1% (see Fig. 1B). The related analysis for G yields G ≈1.01G0 over the white-light region (450 nm <λ <800 nm) and the statistical standard error of ±4% (Fig. S2). The approximation of 2D Dirac fermions is valid only close to the Dirac point and, for higher energies ε, one has to take into account ...
... ±0.1% (see Fig. 1B). The related analysis for G yields G ≈1.01G0 over the white-light region (450 nm <λ <800 nm) and the statistical standard error of ±4% (Fig. S2). The approximation of 2D Dirac fermions is valid only close to the Dirac point and, for higher energies ε, one has to take into account ...
Femtosecond laser pulse filamentation versus optical
... the shortest focal lengths (10.8 and 16.9 mm), the threshold for OB was found to be below the minimum input laser energy of 0.04 µJ, and so the results for these objectives are not presented in Fig. 2. Also, not shown in Fig. 2 is the point for SC at f = 10.8 mm, since we did not observe SC generati ...
... the shortest focal lengths (10.8 and 16.9 mm), the threshold for OB was found to be below the minimum input laser energy of 0.04 µJ, and so the results for these objectives are not presented in Fig. 2. Also, not shown in Fig. 2 is the point for SC at f = 10.8 mm, since we did not observe SC generati ...
Optical tweezers
Optical tweezers (originally called ""single-beam gradient force trap"") are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects similar to tweezers. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years.