Geometrical Optics 101: Paraxial Ray Tracing
... Within paraxial ray tracing, there are several assumptions that introduce error into the calculations. Paraxial ray tracing assumes that the tangent and sine of all angles are equal to the angles themselves (in other words, tan(u) = u and sin(u) = u). This approximation is valid for small angles, bu ...
... Within paraxial ray tracing, there are several assumptions that introduce error into the calculations. Paraxial ray tracing assumes that the tangent and sine of all angles are equal to the angles themselves (in other words, tan(u) = u and sin(u) = u). This approximation is valid for small angles, bu ...
Note
... Nice sharp images are formed on a flat focal plane only for paraxial rays. Rays entering the optical system far off-axis will degrade the desired flat image, as they will not focus on the focal plane, but on the curved focal surface. Thus, while in general the size of a lens determines the brightnes ...
... Nice sharp images are formed on a flat focal plane only for paraxial rays. Rays entering the optical system far off-axis will degrade the desired flat image, as they will not focus on the focal plane, but on the curved focal surface. Thus, while in general the size of a lens determines the brightnes ...
Selective plane illumination microscopy techniques in
... Positioning stages. Micromotors to control the position of the sample. Three motors can move the sample in all three dimensions (x, y and z). Three-dimensional (3D) stacks of images are acquired by stepwise movement along the axis of the detection lens. In SPIM, the sample can also be turned by a fo ...
... Positioning stages. Micromotors to control the position of the sample. Three motors can move the sample in all three dimensions (x, y and z). Three-dimensional (3D) stacks of images are acquired by stepwise movement along the axis of the detection lens. In SPIM, the sample can also be turned by a fo ...
Light propagation in dry and wet softwood
... The measurement of the spatially resolved reflectance was described in detail elsewhere [20]. Briefly, the wood sample was illuminated almost perpendicularly (about 10◦ ) to the wood surface at x = y = 0 mm in z-direction using a laser diode at λ = 808 nm, compare Fig. 1. The remitted light was meas ...
... The measurement of the spatially resolved reflectance was described in detail elsewhere [20]. Briefly, the wood sample was illuminated almost perpendicularly (about 10◦ ) to the wood surface at x = y = 0 mm in z-direction using a laser diode at λ = 808 nm, compare Fig. 1. The remitted light was meas ...
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... division multiplexing, random mode coupling evaluation will be essential to characterize the optical multiple input multiple output channel [13–16]. In propagation links, the optical waveguide index might be impacted by the temperature and strain variations [17]. For example, the temperature sensiti ...
... division multiplexing, random mode coupling evaluation will be essential to characterize the optical multiple input multiple output channel [13–16]. In propagation links, the optical waveguide index might be impacted by the temperature and strain variations [17]. For example, the temperature sensiti ...
Prospects for atom interferometry
... atom experiments can be much more compact than in beam experiments. This is because atoms in a beam travel much faster and cover greater distances in the time of the interferometer, typically up to several metres, whereas cold atoms will only travel a few millimetres. Apart from the technical conven ...
... atom experiments can be much more compact than in beam experiments. This is because atoms in a beam travel much faster and cover greater distances in the time of the interferometer, typically up to several metres, whereas cold atoms will only travel a few millimetres. Apart from the technical conven ...
Quantum Optics Devices
... normal coordinate choice to make. There are many occasions in quantum optics where a different mode decomposition is appropriate, we will come back to that later in Section 1.4. When using the Fourier transformation as the transformation to normal coordinates, plane waves (which are solutions of the ...
... normal coordinate choice to make. There are many occasions in quantum optics where a different mode decomposition is appropriate, we will come back to that later in Section 1.4. When using the Fourier transformation as the transformation to normal coordinates, plane waves (which are solutions of the ...
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... the nonlinear wave-mixing process [1–6]. Under EIT conditions FWM signals can be allowed to transmit through the atomic medium and also the fluorescence induced by spontaneous emission can be generated [7–10]. Due to the two counter propagating coupling fields, the EIT-based nonlinear schemes can be ...
... the nonlinear wave-mixing process [1–6]. Under EIT conditions FWM signals can be allowed to transmit through the atomic medium and also the fluorescence induced by spontaneous emission can be generated [7–10]. Due to the two counter propagating coupling fields, the EIT-based nonlinear schemes can be ...
Monitoring the Evaporation of Fluids from Fiber-Optic Micro
... monitoring the quality of water, identification of fuel dilutions, mobile point-of-care diagnostics, climatography and more. In this work, the fiber-optic monitoring of fluids evaporation is proposed and demonstrated. Sub-nano-liter volumes of a liquid are applied to inline fiber-optic micro-cavitie ...
... monitoring the quality of water, identification of fuel dilutions, mobile point-of-care diagnostics, climatography and more. In this work, the fiber-optic monitoring of fluids evaporation is proposed and demonstrated. Sub-nano-liter volumes of a liquid are applied to inline fiber-optic micro-cavitie ...
Post compression of high-energy femto
... explanation of the principle of post compression including Self Phase Modulation (SPM), Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) and the combined effect of them. Chapter three, Experimental set-up, includes a description of the different parts of the set-up as well as a discussion of values for the best set- ...
... explanation of the principle of post compression including Self Phase Modulation (SPM), Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) and the combined effect of them. Chapter three, Experimental set-up, includes a description of the different parts of the set-up as well as a discussion of values for the best set- ...
Fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer for
... Since the publication of the paper where the first fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer(FFPI) for sensing applications was demonstrated, more than thirty years ago, a number of configurations of this optical fiber interferometer have been proposed and used to detect physical, chemical and biological var ...
... Since the publication of the paper where the first fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer(FFPI) for sensing applications was demonstrated, more than thirty years ago, a number of configurations of this optical fiber interferometer have been proposed and used to detect physical, chemical and biological var ...
Metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguide devices for
... In this section, we investigate the performance of mode converters which couple efficiently the modes of two MDM plasmonic waveguides with different widths. Mode converters can act as impedance matching circuits maximizing the coupling between plasmonic waveguides and optoelectronic devices, and wil ...
... In this section, we investigate the performance of mode converters which couple efficiently the modes of two MDM plasmonic waveguides with different widths. Mode converters can act as impedance matching circuits maximizing the coupling between plasmonic waveguides and optoelectronic devices, and wil ...
DX4301741751
... of both organic and inorganic materials. The approach of combining the high nonlinear optical materials of the organic molecules with physical properties of the inorganics has been found to be overwhelmingly successful in the recent search. Hence the recent search is concentrated on semiorganic mate ...
... of both organic and inorganic materials. The approach of combining the high nonlinear optical materials of the organic molecules with physical properties of the inorganics has been found to be overwhelmingly successful in the recent search. Hence the recent search is concentrated on semiorganic mate ...
Quantitative prediction of the modulation behavior of twisted nematic liquid
... the response of ideal optical elements which are designed as phase-only or amplitude-only functions. This coupling effect may be reduced by the design of elements adapted to the restricted coding domain of SLMs [4,5]. Another approach consists in looking for the configuration of polarizing elements ...
... the response of ideal optical elements which are designed as phase-only or amplitude-only functions. This coupling effect may be reduced by the design of elements adapted to the restricted coding domain of SLMs [4,5]. Another approach consists in looking for the configuration of polarizing elements ...
Optical Fiber Sensors Guide
... is referred to as the color-center model). Their work explained a photo-induced index change of almost 10 at visible wavelengths. However, experimental measurements show much larger index changes. To explain the observed large index changes, Sceats et al. [4] proposed thermoelastic stress relaxation ...
... is referred to as the color-center model). Their work explained a photo-induced index change of almost 10 at visible wavelengths. However, experimental measurements show much larger index changes. To explain the observed large index changes, Sceats et al. [4] proposed thermoelastic stress relaxation ...
Measuring the complex orbital angular momentum spectrum of light
... 8.4% and 5.5% of 2π, respectively. © 2017 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (050.4865) Optical vortices; (090.2890) Holographic optical elements; (260.6042) Singular optics. ...
... 8.4% and 5.5% of 2π, respectively. © 2017 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (050.4865) Optical vortices; (090.2890) Holographic optical elements; (260.6042) Singular optics. ...
Simple 3-D characterization of ultrashort laser pulses
... short optical pulse (necessarily composed of many frequencies) propagates through a dispersive medium, the group velocity dispersion changes the pulse duration. This change depends on the initial pulse duration and chirp. Therefore, the intensity of the laser pulse (fluence/pulse duration) will also ...
... short optical pulse (necessarily composed of many frequencies) propagates through a dispersive medium, the group velocity dispersion changes the pulse duration. This change depends on the initial pulse duration and chirp. Therefore, the intensity of the laser pulse (fluence/pulse duration) will also ...
P olarizabilities of Isolated Silicon C lusters R. Schäfer
... of the Sijy-clusters has been investigated for Siu and the size ranges N = 14-28, 22-34, 28-44, 34-50, 41 -58, and 42-68. The results show that the polarizability per atom decreases from N = 11 until a minimum at N « 28 is reached. The polarizability per atom increases for N > 28, passes through a m ...
... of the Sijy-clusters has been investigated for Siu and the size ranges N = 14-28, 22-34, 28-44, 34-50, 41 -58, and 42-68. The results show that the polarizability per atom decreases from N = 11 until a minimum at N « 28 is reached. The polarizability per atom increases for N > 28, passes through a m ...
Mode matching between waveguide and periodic dielectric waveguide
... coupling theorem we can know that the light will couple from one waveguide to another. The coupling length for totally transfer is described as following [12]: ...
... coupling theorem we can know that the light will couple from one waveguide to another. The coupling length for totally transfer is described as following [12]: ...
Introduction to Fiber Optic Sensing
... uses include oil and gas pipeline monitoring for security and leak detection, and linear heat detection systems. Rayleigh Rayleigh signals have more intensity than Raman signals and are more sensitive to strain than to temperature. This makes Rayleigh scattering systems most effective for measuring ...
... uses include oil and gas pipeline monitoring for security and leak detection, and linear heat detection systems. Rayleigh Rayleigh signals have more intensity than Raman signals and are more sensitive to strain than to temperature. This makes Rayleigh scattering systems most effective for measuring ...
Ultrashort laser pulse generation
... Concepts for mode locking We have concluded in Chapter VIII-1 that rendering axial cavity modes to oscillate at equidistant frequencies in a phase locked manner results in the emergence of a single pulse that circulates in the laser cavity. Whenever this pulse arrives at a partially-transmitting mir ...
... Concepts for mode locking We have concluded in Chapter VIII-1 that rendering axial cavity modes to oscillate at equidistant frequencies in a phase locked manner results in the emergence of a single pulse that circulates in the laser cavity. Whenever this pulse arrives at a partially-transmitting mir ...
Fast-light for astrophysics - Laboratory for Atomic and Photonic
... research over the last decade [1–3]. Researchers have found new ways of controlling the index of refraction of various materials by combining laser beams of different frequencies which interact with them. In particular, we are able to achieve strong dispersion at frequencies where the material is tra ...
... research over the last decade [1–3]. Researchers have found new ways of controlling the index of refraction of various materials by combining laser beams of different frequencies which interact with them. In particular, we are able to achieve strong dispersion at frequencies where the material is tra ...
Polarized Light Assessment of Complex Turbid
... meteorology and astronomy [1–3]. The use of polarimetric approaches has also received considerable recent attention in biophotonics [4–6]. This is because polarization parameters of light scattered from biological tissue contain rich morphological and functional information of potential biomedical i ...
... meteorology and astronomy [1–3]. The use of polarimetric approaches has also received considerable recent attention in biophotonics [4–6]. This is because polarization parameters of light scattered from biological tissue contain rich morphological and functional information of potential biomedical i ...
Metastable optical gratings in compound semiconductors
... ~N sa2N sd!, then the Fermi level is pinned at an energy near the second donor level. The metastable state of the EL2 defect is an excited state of the neutral charge state EL2~0!. A photon with a wavelength near 1.06 mm ~one of the YAG:Nd laser wavelengths! promotes an electron from the defect grou ...
... ~N sa2N sd!, then the Fermi level is pinned at an energy near the second donor level. The metastable state of the EL2 defect is an excited state of the neutral charge state EL2~0!. A photon with a wavelength near 1.06 mm ~one of the YAG:Nd laser wavelengths! promotes an electron from the defect grou ...
Optical tweezers
Optical tweezers (originally called ""single-beam gradient force trap"") are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects similar to tweezers. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years.