Building a Helium — Neon Gas Laser Lab Manual Figure 1
... the iris, it acts as the iris in your eye, expanding and contracting to let more or less Figure 12: The Mirrors light through. There are two basic types of mirrors that you will end up using during this lab. One type is a simple, flat, silvered mirror that you will use to steer your alignment beam i ...
... the iris, it acts as the iris in your eye, expanding and contracting to let more or less Figure 12: The Mirrors light through. There are two basic types of mirrors that you will end up using during this lab. One type is a simple, flat, silvered mirror that you will use to steer your alignment beam i ...
SPIE2005 5754-12-b
... Figure 8 shows the impact that this effect would have on a typical 32nm half-pitch lithography condition, where a propagation angle of 81° is considered in a 1.54 index HIF (hydrogen phosphate) above a resist top-coat layer with a refractive index of 1.40. TIR occurs at 63.8°, substantially lower th ...
... Figure 8 shows the impact that this effect would have on a typical 32nm half-pitch lithography condition, where a propagation angle of 81° is considered in a 1.54 index HIF (hydrogen phosphate) above a resist top-coat layer with a refractive index of 1.40. TIR occurs at 63.8°, substantially lower th ...
Introduction to modes and their designation in circular and elliptical
... which the central core region of higher permittivity or refractive index is surrounded by a cladding of lower refractive index. In these dielectric waveguides the electric and magnetic field components can exist along the boundary of the guide, that is, the boundary between the cylindrical core and ...
... which the central core region of higher permittivity or refractive index is surrounded by a cladding of lower refractive index. In these dielectric waveguides the electric and magnetic field components can exist along the boundary of the guide, that is, the boundary between the cylindrical core and ...
luminescence studies of rare earth (europium) doped nano
... luminescence properties of the materials. The present work reports the changes made in the combustion process to achieve the homogenous incorporation of dopants and large-scale production of the nanophosphor in a short interval of time. Keywords: Luminescence, nano-alumina, phosphor. 1. Introduction ...
... luminescence properties of the materials. The present work reports the changes made in the combustion process to achieve the homogenous incorporation of dopants and large-scale production of the nanophosphor in a short interval of time. Keywords: Luminescence, nano-alumina, phosphor. 1. Introduction ...
chapter 6
... number called a relative refractive index of the second medium compared to that of the first one. If the first medium is a vacuum (C1 = Co), then n21 = n20 = Co/C2 = n2 is called a refractive index of the second medium. The refractive index is equal to 1 for air, approximately 1.33 for water, 1.5 fo ...
... number called a relative refractive index of the second medium compared to that of the first one. If the first medium is a vacuum (C1 = Co), then n21 = n20 = Co/C2 = n2 is called a refractive index of the second medium. The refractive index is equal to 1 for air, approximately 1.33 for water, 1.5 fo ...
Effect of barrier height on linear and nonlinear
... Quantum dots behave like artificial atoms and their electronic and optical properties are significantly different as compared to bulk [1]. In the interaction of radiation with matter at low radiation intensity the induced polarization depends linearly on the electric field and linear response is obt ...
... Quantum dots behave like artificial atoms and their electronic and optical properties are significantly different as compared to bulk [1]. In the interaction of radiation with matter at low radiation intensity the induced polarization depends linearly on the electric field and linear response is obt ...
Conformational Evolution of Elongated Polymer Solutions Tailors
... The MEH-PPV nanofibers are collected on a 1 × 1 cm2 quartz substrate for optical investigation. Arrays of uniaxially aligned nanofibers are also produced by using a rotating collector (4000 rpm, corresponding to a linear velocity of 30 m/s at the disk edge) for emission polarization measurements, feat ...
... The MEH-PPV nanofibers are collected on a 1 × 1 cm2 quartz substrate for optical investigation. Arrays of uniaxially aligned nanofibers are also produced by using a rotating collector (4000 rpm, corresponding to a linear velocity of 30 m/s at the disk edge) for emission polarization measurements, feat ...
Preview of “ZEISS Microscopy Online ...opy Basics | Objectives”
... resolved, λ is the illumination wavelength, n is the imaging medium refractive index, and θ is equal to one-half of the objective angular aperture. With this in mind, it is apparent that resolution is directly proportional to the illumination wavelength. The h ...
... resolved, λ is the illumination wavelength, n is the imaging medium refractive index, and θ is equal to one-half of the objective angular aperture. With this in mind, it is apparent that resolution is directly proportional to the illumination wavelength. The h ...
Two-color cross-correlation in small-angle static light
... fact, there is a natural uncertainty in the measure of q—due to the finite size of the scattering volume—that is associated with the finite speckles size @18#. It is useful to decompose d q into two components d qp and d qt parallel and transverse to the incident beam, respectively ~see Fig. 2!. We ...
... fact, there is a natural uncertainty in the measure of q—due to the finite size of the scattering volume—that is associated with the finite speckles size @18#. It is useful to decompose d q into two components d qp and d qt parallel and transverse to the incident beam, respectively ~see Fig. 2!. We ...
Metal Nanoparticles for Microscopy and Spectroscopy
... sphere to a dipole. For noble metals, the dipole approximation is usually very good for diameters less than 50 nm. For larger sizes, contributions from higher multipoles can be included, but electromagnetic calculations soon become indispensable when the particle or structure sizes become comparable ...
... sphere to a dipole. For noble metals, the dipole approximation is usually very good for diameters less than 50 nm. For larger sizes, contributions from higher multipoles can be included, but electromagnetic calculations soon become indispensable when the particle or structure sizes become comparable ...
Real and Imaginary Properties of Epsilon-Near
... Thus, a lossless ENZ material in the limit ε0 ðωÞ ¼ 0 does not transport electromagnetic energy. As a corollary, the establishment time τs of the stationary regime diverges, τs ∼ a=vg → ∞, where a is the characteristic size, and the ENZ media may have high (albeit slow) optical nonlinearities (cf. R ...
... Thus, a lossless ENZ material in the limit ε0 ðωÞ ¼ 0 does not transport electromagnetic energy. As a corollary, the establishment time τs of the stationary regime diverges, τs ∼ a=vg → ∞, where a is the characteristic size, and the ENZ media may have high (albeit slow) optical nonlinearities (cf. R ...
Torque Spectroscopy for the Study of Rotary Motion in Biological
... particular to probe the supercoiled state of DNA molecules19), spectroscopic approaches such as circular dichroism and singlemolecule polarization spectroscopy20 (e.g., to probe molecular handedness), and structural techniques such as electron microscopy21 and X-ray crystallography.22 This Review, h ...
... particular to probe the supercoiled state of DNA molecules19), spectroscopic approaches such as circular dichroism and singlemolecule polarization spectroscopy20 (e.g., to probe molecular handedness), and structural techniques such as electron microscopy21 and X-ray crystallography.22 This Review, h ...
Laser Cooling and Trapping of Metastable Neon and Applications to
... with the use of a Zeeman slower, both to continuously slow a sodium atomic beam. This was the first use of a Zeeman slower, which is a tapered solenoid that produces a spatially varying magnetic field. This magnetic field is used to Zeeman shift the atomic transition frequency to match the velocity ...
... with the use of a Zeeman slower, both to continuously slow a sodium atomic beam. This was the first use of a Zeeman slower, which is a tapered solenoid that produces a spatially varying magnetic field. This magnetic field is used to Zeeman shift the atomic transition frequency to match the velocity ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... The rule of thumb here for Backward Raman Amplification imposes that the plasma must be uniform over a length given by half the laser pulse length. This corresponds to plasma 75 cm long for a 5 ns pump pulse, with several centimeter aperture. Getting good plasma uniformity over this entire volume is ...
... The rule of thumb here for Backward Raman Amplification imposes that the plasma must be uniform over a length given by half the laser pulse length. This corresponds to plasma 75 cm long for a 5 ns pump pulse, with several centimeter aperture. Getting good plasma uniformity over this entire volume is ...
Customer-Made 3×3 Polymer Optical Fiber Splitter Based on Green
... Referring to the graph in Fig. 5 and, it can be seen that the excessive loss is high enough where most of the loss exceeds 10 dB. It can be considered as a great loss for a communication system in which the normal loss of POF is about 1 dB m−1. This excessive loss caused by light through the POF spl ...
... Referring to the graph in Fig. 5 and, it can be seen that the excessive loss is high enough where most of the loss exceeds 10 dB. It can be considered as a great loss for a communication system in which the normal loss of POF is about 1 dB m−1. This excessive loss caused by light through the POF spl ...
Chapter 30 . Optical Testing
... centers, and assigning fringe order numbers to them. The optical path difference (OPD) at the center of any fringe is a multiple m of the wavelength l (OPD 5 ml ), where m is the fringe order. To obtain the wavefront deformation, only the relative values of the fringe order are important. So any val ...
... centers, and assigning fringe order numbers to them. The optical path difference (OPD) at the center of any fringe is a multiple m of the wavelength l (OPD 5 ml ), where m is the fringe order. To obtain the wavefront deformation, only the relative values of the fringe order are important. So any val ...
Magnetoplasmonics and Femtosecond Optomagnetism at the
... intensity modulators and magnetic sensors.47,48 On the other hand, iron garnet thin films are being used quite successively in experiments on spin−orbit torque transfer and nonlinear spinwave dynamics.49,50 Incorporating iron garnets in the magnetoplasmonic crystal allows observing the giant TMOKE in ...
... intensity modulators and magnetic sensors.47,48 On the other hand, iron garnet thin films are being used quite successively in experiments on spin−orbit torque transfer and nonlinear spinwave dynamics.49,50 Incorporating iron garnets in the magnetoplasmonic crystal allows observing the giant TMOKE in ...
Creation of gap solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
... Refs. @1,5#, general properties were discussed in @6#, and Ref. @2# worked out the analogy to the Josephson effect. Complementary and previous to this work, the formation of atomic solitons was also examined theoretically in the context of nonlinear atom optics @7–12#. In these studies the interacti ...
... Refs. @1,5#, general properties were discussed in @6#, and Ref. @2# worked out the analogy to the Josephson effect. Complementary and previous to this work, the formation of atomic solitons was also examined theoretically in the context of nonlinear atom optics @7–12#. In these studies the interacti ...
Phase change phenomena during high power laser
... at different laser fluences. The transmissivity remains at ‘1’ for the first several nanoseconds, which corresponds to the period before generation of the plume. Transmissivity starts to decrease at an earlier time at higher laser fluences since evaporation occurs earlier at higher fluences. It can ...
... at different laser fluences. The transmissivity remains at ‘1’ for the first several nanoseconds, which corresponds to the period before generation of the plume. Transmissivity starts to decrease at an earlier time at higher laser fluences since evaporation occurs earlier at higher fluences. It can ...
Lenserf Reflection, Fresnel Reflection,
... By contrast, in the gainy case, the refracted traveling waves are amplified rather than absorbed, and thus they always increase in amplitude with distance away from the interface for both below-critical and above-critical angles of incidence. These solutions are therefore the opposite of evanescent. ...
... By contrast, in the gainy case, the refracted traveling waves are amplified rather than absorbed, and thus they always increase in amplitude with distance away from the interface for both below-critical and above-critical angles of incidence. These solutions are therefore the opposite of evanescent. ...
436 KB - The Photonic Systems Group
... modulation speeds of 40 Gb/s and above [13], where the nonlinear interactions among different wavelength channels become less-limiting factors. As a result of the short pulse width and high data rate, optical pulses within one channel are quickly dispersed and overlap significantly so to interact th ...
... modulation speeds of 40 Gb/s and above [13], where the nonlinear interactions among different wavelength channels become less-limiting factors. As a result of the short pulse width and high data rate, optical pulses within one channel are quickly dispersed and overlap significantly so to interact th ...
Effective Area of Optical Fibres
... approximately 0.95 and is only slightly dependent on the actual refractive index profile of the fibre. Similar measurements performed on large effective area fibres gave values of k Nam in the range 1.03 to 1.17 and showed strong variations from one fibre to another [4]. The correction factor is dep ...
... approximately 0.95 and is only slightly dependent on the actual refractive index profile of the fibre. Similar measurements performed on large effective area fibres gave values of k Nam in the range 1.03 to 1.17 and showed strong variations from one fibre to another [4]. The correction factor is dep ...
Practical Aspects of Mirror Usage in Optical Systems for
... glass polishing, defects in the glass, and from the glass atoms themselves, even with no defects, surface structure or roughness present. For the dielectric mirrors discussed here, the amount of light lost through scatter is in practice typically about 0.1%, and not more than a few tenths of one per ...
... glass polishing, defects in the glass, and from the glass atoms themselves, even with no defects, surface structure or roughness present. For the dielectric mirrors discussed here, the amount of light lost through scatter is in practice typically about 0.1%, and not more than a few tenths of one per ...
Optical tweezers
Optical tweezers (originally called ""single-beam gradient force trap"") are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects similar to tweezers. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years.