15. Atmospheric Channel Effects and the Impact on
... energy to the molecular constituents of the atmosphere. It exhibits a strong dependence on wavelength [2,3]. Atmospheric scattering due to molecular sized particles is called Rayleigh scattering. For objects large compared to the wavelength, Mie scattering occurs. Rayleigh scattering is dominant for ...
... energy to the molecular constituents of the atmosphere. It exhibits a strong dependence on wavelength [2,3]. Atmospheric scattering due to molecular sized particles is called Rayleigh scattering. For objects large compared to the wavelength, Mie scattering occurs. Rayleigh scattering is dominant for ...
A Calculation of Electric Field Strengths for Light in a Multilayer Thin
... Equations 4.4 - (2.7) apply only to a single interface. When analyzing light that is propagating through a multilayer optical stack, it is necessary to take into account light that may reflect back and forth between layer interfaces, thus increasing the effective reflective properties of the stack. ...
... Equations 4.4 - (2.7) apply only to a single interface. When analyzing light that is propagating through a multilayer optical stack, it is necessary to take into account light that may reflect back and forth between layer interfaces, thus increasing the effective reflective properties of the stack. ...
Observation of light below Cerenkov threshold in a 1.5 meter long
... as the result obtained using the shock-wave treatment. In both treatments, the Cerenkov light is emitted at a unique angle and only when the condition n fl > 1 is satisfied. A more complete treatment of Cerenkov light emitted in radiators of finite length [3-53 shows that the radiation is not produc ...
... as the result obtained using the shock-wave treatment. In both treatments, the Cerenkov light is emitted at a unique angle and only when the condition n fl > 1 is satisfied. A more complete treatment of Cerenkov light emitted in radiators of finite length [3-53 shows that the radiation is not produc ...
Fabrication and characterization of silicone-based - lammp
... Branson) for 30 minutes. This solution should be stirred several times during this period to prevent the TiO2 from settling. During this 30 minute period the bulk PDMS and India ink can be combined. To make the highly viscous PDMS easier to work with, we transfer it from the original 1 gallon paint ...
... Branson) for 30 minutes. This solution should be stirred several times during this period to prevent the TiO2 from settling. During this 30 minute period the bulk PDMS and India ink can be combined. To make the highly viscous PDMS easier to work with, we transfer it from the original 1 gallon paint ...
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... example, the product ∇× a means ∇×I·a = ∇×a , where I is the unit dyadic. In the Russian language we have no way to distinguish between a dyad and a dyadic. As a consequence, dyadics are some times termed as “tensors”, even in the dyadic notation. A matrix or tensor needs no special notation, when i ...
... example, the product ∇× a means ∇×I·a = ∇×a , where I is the unit dyadic. In the Russian language we have no way to distinguish between a dyad and a dyadic. As a consequence, dyadics are some times termed as “tensors”, even in the dyadic notation. A matrix or tensor needs no special notation, when i ...
Light scattering by irregular interplanetary dust particles Hajime Okamoto and Yu-lin Xu
... particles the discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) has widely been used in many scientific fields. However mainly due to the requirements of large computing memory and long computing time, the applicability of this theory is practically limited for rather small particle compared with wavelength. In o ...
... particles the discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) has widely been used in many scientific fields. However mainly due to the requirements of large computing memory and long computing time, the applicability of this theory is practically limited for rather small particle compared with wavelength. In o ...
ABSTRACT Dissertation: STUDIES OF
... surface Plasmon resonances. These findings tell us that we need to fill gaps in our understanding of optical behavior on scales ranging from Angstrom-size atoms to micron-scale objects. Visible light cannot penetrate well through metals, but the metal/air interface can support electromagnetic waves ...
... surface Plasmon resonances. These findings tell us that we need to fill gaps in our understanding of optical behavior on scales ranging from Angstrom-size atoms to micron-scale objects. Visible light cannot penetrate well through metals, but the metal/air interface can support electromagnetic waves ...
Low-grazing angles scattering of electromagnetic waves from one
... understand that designing an accurate model for this quantity is challenging. The domain of validity of the most classical approximate models [2] has already been studied and more or less precisely defined (see for example [3–6]): height very small compared to the electromagnetic wavelength for the S ...
... understand that designing an accurate model for this quantity is challenging. The domain of validity of the most classical approximate models [2] has already been studied and more or less precisely defined (see for example [3–6]): height very small compared to the electromagnetic wavelength for the S ...
Label-free super-resolution imaging of adenoviruses by submerged
... Lin Li1, Wei Guo1, Yinzhou Yan1, Seoungjun Lee1 and Tao Wang2 Because of the small sizes of most viruses (typically 5–150 nm), standard optical microscopes, which have an optical diffraction limit of 200 nm, are not generally suitable for their direct observation. Electron microscopes usually requir ...
... Lin Li1, Wei Guo1, Yinzhou Yan1, Seoungjun Lee1 and Tao Wang2 Because of the small sizes of most viruses (typically 5–150 nm), standard optical microscopes, which have an optical diffraction limit of 200 nm, are not generally suitable for their direct observation. Electron microscopes usually requir ...
Disturbance detection in snow using polarimetric imagery of the
... to separate polarized light onto a 782 x 582 pixel detector operating in the 400 to 700 nanometer range. The data were then analyzed for polarimetric signatures by isolating the disturbances from the background and then comparing standard deviations of intensity and polarization occurrences. Additio ...
... to separate polarized light onto a 782 x 582 pixel detector operating in the 400 to 700 nanometer range. The data were then analyzed for polarimetric signatures by isolating the disturbances from the background and then comparing standard deviations of intensity and polarization occurrences. Additio ...
ppt 4MB
... Experimental test under FSO conditions of Nanonics OPT XF Note: Same experiment repeated with taper from 200 to 70 microns and 75 micron photodiode 10 microns distant, 1 dB loss. Slide No. 23 ...
... Experimental test under FSO conditions of Nanonics OPT XF Note: Same experiment repeated with taper from 200 to 70 microns and 75 micron photodiode 10 microns distant, 1 dB loss. Slide No. 23 ...
Recent advances in transformation optics
... exploring the interesting physics associated with invisibility cloaks,20–24 or trying to detect an invisibility cloak.25,26 The invisibility cloak has triggered widespread interest in transformation optics. Many other novel effects and devices, such as illusion optics,27–30 optical black holes,31–34 ...
... exploring the interesting physics associated with invisibility cloaks,20–24 or trying to detect an invisibility cloak.25,26 The invisibility cloak has triggered widespread interest in transformation optics. Many other novel effects and devices, such as illusion optics,27–30 optical black holes,31–34 ...
Recent advances in transformation optics
... exploring the interesting physics associated with invisibility cloaks,20–24 or trying to detect an invisibility cloak.25,26 The invisibility cloak has triggered widespread interest in transformation optics. Many other novel effects and devices, such as illusion optics,27–30 optical black holes,31–34 ...
... exploring the interesting physics associated with invisibility cloaks,20–24 or trying to detect an invisibility cloak.25,26 The invisibility cloak has triggered widespread interest in transformation optics. Many other novel effects and devices, such as illusion optics,27–30 optical black holes,31–34 ...
A new approach for retrieving the UV–vis optical properties of
... vis light source and a grating spectrometer were recently used for aerosol extinction measurements over a wide range of wavelengths from below 250 nm up to 700 nm. However, White-type extinction cells suffer from short optical path length (tens of meters, as opposed to several kilometers in CES inst ...
... vis light source and a grating spectrometer were recently used for aerosol extinction measurements over a wide range of wavelengths from below 250 nm up to 700 nm. However, White-type extinction cells suffer from short optical path length (tens of meters, as opposed to several kilometers in CES inst ...
Atmospheric optics
Atmospheric optics deals with how the unique optical properties of the Earth's atmosphere cause a wide range of spectacular optical phenomena. The blue color of the sky is a direct result of Rayleigh scattering which redirects higher frequency (blue) sunlight back into the field of view of the observer. Because blue light is scattered more easily than red light, the sun takes on a reddish hue when it is observed through a thick atmosphere, as during a sunrise or sunset. Additional particulate matter in the sky can scatter different colors at different angles creating colorful glowing skies at dusk and dawn. Scattering off of ice crystals and other particles in the atmosphere are responsible for halos, afterglows, coronas, rays of sunlight, and sun dogs. The variation in these kinds of phenomena is due to different particle sizes and geometries.Mirages are optical phenomena in which light rays are bent due to thermal variations in the refraction index of air, producing displaced or heavily distorted images of distant objects. Other optical phenomena associated with this include the Novaya Zemlya effect where the sun appears to rise earlier or set later than predicted with a distorted shape. A spectacular form of refraction occurs with a temperature inversion called the Fata Morgana where objects on the horizon or even beyond the horizon, such as islands, cliffs, ships or icebergs, appear elongated and elevated, like ""fairy tale castles"".Rainbows are the result of a combination of internal reflection and dispersive refraction of light in raindrops. Because rainbows are seen on the opposite side of the sky as the sun, rainbows are more prominent the closer the sun is to the horizon due to their greater distance apart.