Characterizing inner-shell electron using ultrashort attosecond pulse
... world. As a camera needs a high-speed shutter to take stopmotion snap shots, an instantaneous strobe light of isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) is necessary to observe the ultrafast electron motion. ■ Since an inner-shell electron has an ultrafast motion, its properties have been characterized. We suc ...
... world. As a camera needs a high-speed shutter to take stopmotion snap shots, an instantaneous strobe light of isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) is necessary to observe the ultrafast electron motion. ■ Since an inner-shell electron has an ultrafast motion, its properties have been characterized. We suc ...
Leaving Cert Physics Notes by Mary Singleton
... These cover the entire course but, as each short question is only worth 7 marks, nothing too complicated usually appears here. It generally consists of definitions, units and short calculations. If you have a good general overview of the course and have learnt definitions and laws this is an easy qu ...
... These cover the entire course but, as each short question is only worth 7 marks, nothing too complicated usually appears here. It generally consists of definitions, units and short calculations. If you have a good general overview of the course and have learnt definitions and laws this is an easy qu ...
9-5 Huygens principle
... effective distance traveled by a light ray (if it travels through a dense material of index n the effective distance is n times greater than the actual distance) Small variations in the path taken by a light ray must not affect the optical path length d(OPL)=0 for the path taken by a light ray (noti ...
... effective distance traveled by a light ray (if it travels through a dense material of index n the effective distance is n times greater than the actual distance) Small variations in the path taken by a light ray must not affect the optical path length d(OPL)=0 for the path taken by a light ray (noti ...
the zeeman effect 161114
... Consider the central ring (θ = 0) in a Fabry-Perot interferometer in air (n = 1) with 3 mm between the reflecting surfaces (d) and a wavelength of 500 nm. Then Δλfsr = 0.0417 nm and Δσfsr = 1.67 cm-1. This means that the interferometer can only be used between 500.0000 and 500.0417 nm before the ord ...
... Consider the central ring (θ = 0) in a Fabry-Perot interferometer in air (n = 1) with 3 mm between the reflecting surfaces (d) and a wavelength of 500 nm. Then Δλfsr = 0.0417 nm and Δσfsr = 1.67 cm-1. This means that the interferometer can only be used between 500.0000 and 500.0417 nm before the ord ...
How Light Works - NYU Web Publishing
... speculated on the existence of some invisible medium -- an ether -- filling all empty space between objects. He further speculated that light forms when a luminous body causes a series of waves or vibrations in this ether. Those waves then advance forward until they encounter an object. If that obje ...
... speculated on the existence of some invisible medium -- an ether -- filling all empty space between objects. He further speculated that light forms when a luminous body causes a series of waves or vibrations in this ether. Those waves then advance forward until they encounter an object. If that obje ...
146KB - NZQA
... As the sun is setting it is still lighting up the sky with all the colours of white light but it is at such a low angle that all the colours of light have to travel further through the earth’s atmosphere. As the light rays hits the dust and molecules of gas in the earth’s atmosphere the shorter wave ...
... As the sun is setting it is still lighting up the sky with all the colours of white light but it is at such a low angle that all the colours of light have to travel further through the earth’s atmosphere. As the light rays hits the dust and molecules of gas in the earth’s atmosphere the shorter wave ...
LASERS How do they work?
... from the ground state level to one of the broad F bands of levels. Electrons in the F bands rapidly undergo non-radiative transitions to the two metastable E levels. A non-radiative transition does not result in the emission of light; the energy released in the transition is dissipated as heat in th ...
... from the ground state level to one of the broad F bands of levels. Electrons in the F bands rapidly undergo non-radiative transitions to the two metastable E levels. A non-radiative transition does not result in the emission of light; the energy released in the transition is dissipated as heat in th ...
21. Specific rotation of sugar solution
... Light waves, taking only a minor part of the wide electromagnetic spectra are the only ones directly observable by a human being. As in the process of interaction of light and matter the E-vector has more important role than the H-vector, we limit ourselves only to observation of the E-vector, which ...
... Light waves, taking only a minor part of the wide electromagnetic spectra are the only ones directly observable by a human being. As in the process of interaction of light and matter the E-vector has more important role than the H-vector, we limit ourselves only to observation of the E-vector, which ...
The Polarization of Light
... time. Unpolarized light is only possible if there are multiple frequencies present. Our HeNe lasers may or may not be fully polarized. They tend to lase in a few ”modes” with orthogonal polarizations, producing light separated in frequency by ∼ 1 GHz (note this is only a part in 105 of the optical f ...
... time. Unpolarized light is only possible if there are multiple frequencies present. Our HeNe lasers may or may not be fully polarized. They tend to lase in a few ”modes” with orthogonal polarizations, producing light separated in frequency by ∼ 1 GHz (note this is only a part in 105 of the optical f ...
Light
Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The word usually refers to visible light, which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), or 6993400000000000000♠400×10−9 m to 6993700000000000000♠700×10−9 m, between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths). This wavelength means a frequency range of roughly 430–750 terahertz (THz). Often, infrared and ultraviolet are also called light.The main source of light on Earth is the Sun. Sunlight provides the energy that green plants use to create sugars mostly in the form of starches, which release energy into the living things that digest them. This process of photosynthesis provides virtually all the energy used by living things. Historically, another important source of light for humans has been fire, from ancient campfires to modern kerosene lamps. With the development of electric lights and of power systems, electric lighting has all but replaced firelight. Some species of animals generate their own light, called bioluminescence. For example, fireflies use light to locate mates, and vampire squids use it to hide themselves from prey.Primary properties of visible light are intensity, propagation direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum, and polarisation, while its speed in a vacuum, 299,792,458 meters per second, is one of the fundamental constants of nature. Visible light, as with all types of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), is experimentally found to always move at this speed in vacuum.In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not. In this sense, gamma rays, X-rays, microwaves and radio waves are also light. Like all types of light, visible light is emitted and absorbed in tiny ""packets"" called photons, and exhibits properties of both waves and particles. This property is referred to as the wave–particle duality. The study of light, known as optics, is an important research area in modern physics.