Lectures on Theoretical Physics Linear Response Theory
... parameters. External parameters may be the region of space within which a certain number of particles are confined, mechanical stress, or the strength of an external electric or magnetic field. If temperature or the external parameters change slowly enough, the system can attain the new equilibrium ...
... parameters. External parameters may be the region of space within which a certain number of particles are confined, mechanical stress, or the strength of an external electric or magnetic field. If temperature or the external parameters change slowly enough, the system can attain the new equilibrium ...
Polarization properties of coherent VUV light at 125
... Vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) light with a high and well known degree of polarization, in the 10 eV range (∼ 125 nm), is a powerful tool for a large amount of investigations. Many important properties of various materials may be revealed by experiments using either linearly or circularly polarized VUV r ...
... Vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) light with a high and well known degree of polarization, in the 10 eV range (∼ 125 nm), is a powerful tool for a large amount of investigations. Many important properties of various materials may be revealed by experiments using either linearly or circularly polarized VUV r ...
Collective molecular rotation in water and other simple liquids
... crystals w7,9,13x. Lattice vibrations which carry an electric dipole moment have radically different properties from nonpolar vibrations since the dipole moment couples the lattice vibrations to the radiation field in the crystal to form mixed excitation modes, part phonon and part photon, which hav ...
... crystals w7,9,13x. Lattice vibrations which carry an electric dipole moment have radically different properties from nonpolar vibrations since the dipole moment couples the lattice vibrations to the radiation field in the crystal to form mixed excitation modes, part phonon and part photon, which hav ...
Section 3: Electromagnetic Waves 1
... sweeps around in a circle at a frequencyω, as shown in Fig.2b. For the upper sign ( e1 + ie 2 ) , the rotation is counterclockwise when the observer is facing into the oncoming wave. This wave is called left circularly polarized in optics. In the terminology of modern physics, however, such a wave i ...
... sweeps around in a circle at a frequencyω, as shown in Fig.2b. For the upper sign ( e1 + ie 2 ) , the rotation is counterclockwise when the observer is facing into the oncoming wave. This wave is called left circularly polarized in optics. In the terminology of modern physics, however, such a wave i ...
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... laser to obtain images of corneal cells as well as information about the dimensions of the basal epithelial and endothelial cells. The endothelium is the deepest cellular layer of the cornea. It is in direct contact with the aqueous humour and represents the most important contributing layer to corn ...
... laser to obtain images of corneal cells as well as information about the dimensions of the basal epithelial and endothelial cells. The endothelium is the deepest cellular layer of the cornea. It is in direct contact with the aqueous humour and represents the most important contributing layer to corn ...
Theory of Optical Tweezers
... between radiation pressure (scattering force) and gradient force. However, the GO result for the maximum backward trapping efficiency Qm is smaller (by a factor of the order of 2) [12] than the values obtained in Ref. [2]. This is in line with the discrepancy between experimental and theoretical val ...
... between radiation pressure (scattering force) and gradient force. However, the GO result for the maximum backward trapping efficiency Qm is smaller (by a factor of the order of 2) [12] than the values obtained in Ref. [2]. This is in line with the discrepancy between experimental and theoretical val ...
2. Spectral Stray Light
... measurements (Damm 2007) are illustrated in fig. 3. It can be seen that the spectral stray light can span 60 or more channels. The gap around channel 0 is due to the fact that only the out-of-band channels are shown (Damm 2007). While this method quantifies the stray light over “long ranges”, it is ...
... measurements (Damm 2007) are illustrated in fig. 3. It can be seen that the spectral stray light can span 60 or more channels. The gap around channel 0 is due to the fact that only the out-of-band channels are shown (Damm 2007). While this method quantifies the stray light over “long ranges”, it is ...
High‐transmission dielectric metasurface with 2π phase control at
... intrinsically high losses of metals at optical frequencies lead to low performance efficiencies for plasmonic metasurfaces, especially in transmission [17, 18]. This initiated significant work in developing dielectric analogs of metasurfaces, since many dielectric materials have very low absorption ...
... intrinsically high losses of metals at optical frequencies lead to low performance efficiencies for plasmonic metasurfaces, especially in transmission [17, 18]. This initiated significant work in developing dielectric analogs of metasurfaces, since many dielectric materials have very low absorption ...
In-fiber microchannel device filled with a carbon
... since the first studies of their optical absorption by Kataura et al. were presented in 1999 [1]. The nonlinear saturable absorption and high third-order nonlinearity make CNT-based devices firm candidates to becoming an important component of the next-generation all-optical switches [2] and passive ...
... since the first studies of their optical absorption by Kataura et al. were presented in 1999 [1]. The nonlinear saturable absorption and high third-order nonlinearity make CNT-based devices firm candidates to becoming an important component of the next-generation all-optical switches [2] and passive ...
Growth and characterization of Urea Lead nitrate
... that at 780 corresponds to rocking NH2. The band appearing at 704 cm-1 infers the C-O-H stretching of the ULN crystals. The peak due to the torsional NH oscillations of NH3+ is observed at 514 cm–1. Moreover, the presence of very strong and broad absorption band at 1371cm–1 can be attributed to the ...
... that at 780 corresponds to rocking NH2. The band appearing at 704 cm-1 infers the C-O-H stretching of the ULN crystals. The peak due to the torsional NH oscillations of NH3+ is observed at 514 cm–1. Moreover, the presence of very strong and broad absorption band at 1371cm–1 can be attributed to the ...
Fiber Optic Sensors and Their Applications
... view the interferometeric technique implies heterodyne detection/coherent detection. On the other hand intensity sensors are basically incoherent in nature. Intensity or incoherent sensors are simple in construction, while coherent detection (interferometric) sensors are more complex in design but o ...
... view the interferometeric technique implies heterodyne detection/coherent detection. On the other hand intensity sensors are basically incoherent in nature. Intensity or incoherent sensors are simple in construction, while coherent detection (interferometric) sensors are more complex in design but o ...
Sun et al., Nature 493, 195 (2013).
... extends the functionalities of phased arrays beyond conventional beam focusing and steering, opening up possibilities for large-scale deployment in applications such as communication, laser detection and ranging, three-dimensional holography and biomedical sciences, to name just a few. An NPA, resem ...
... extends the functionalities of phased arrays beyond conventional beam focusing and steering, opening up possibilities for large-scale deployment in applications such as communication, laser detection and ranging, three-dimensional holography and biomedical sciences, to name just a few. An NPA, resem ...
Fresnel Equations. In Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering
... two waves as Et and Er, respectively. Our goal is to determine these amplitudes. To accomplish this, we apply the boundary conditions for the electric and magnetic fields at an interface between two media with different electromagnetic properties, which are known from electrostatics. Specifically, t ...
... two waves as Et and Er, respectively. Our goal is to determine these amplitudes. To accomplish this, we apply the boundary conditions for the electric and magnetic fields at an interface between two media with different electromagnetic properties, which are known from electrostatics. Specifically, t ...
Ce e cu galben reprezinta corecturi de limba/topica/inteles/gramatica
... where 1310nm and 1550nm. The value of attenuation is minimum, 0.33 dB/km for the 1310nm wavelength and 0.19dB/km for the 1550nm wavelength. The optical fiber used was single mode with the refractive index of the core 1.4677 for 1310nm, 1.4682 for 1550nm and 1.4615 for the cladding. The boundary cond ...
... where 1310nm and 1550nm. The value of attenuation is minimum, 0.33 dB/km for the 1310nm wavelength and 0.19dB/km for the 1550nm wavelength. The optical fiber used was single mode with the refractive index of the core 1.4677 for 1310nm, 1.4682 for 1550nm and 1.4615 for the cladding. The boundary cond ...
Transfer of Light Helicity to Nanostructures
... interaction of structured light, such as radially polarized beams, with plasmonic or metallic structures [13–15]. However, these previous studies mostly focused on optical properties, such as mode selection, plasmon focusing, etc., of plasmonic or metallic structures, including photonic crystals as ...
... interaction of structured light, such as radially polarized beams, with plasmonic or metallic structures [13–15]. However, these previous studies mostly focused on optical properties, such as mode selection, plasmon focusing, etc., of plasmonic or metallic structures, including photonic crystals as ...
Measuring cellular structure at submicrometer scale with light
... diluting the stock suspension with de-ionized and distilled water to obtain the required optical density. Fig. 3 summarizes the experimental results obtained for polystyrene particles. To demonstrate the symmetry of the A/LSS scattering patterns, the parallel-polarized component of the backscattered ...
... diluting the stock suspension with de-ionized and distilled water to obtain the required optical density. Fig. 3 summarizes the experimental results obtained for polystyrene particles. To demonstrate the symmetry of the A/LSS scattering patterns, the parallel-polarized component of the backscattered ...
Surface plasmon resonance sensors based on uniform
... etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) to eliminate fiber cladding.7,8 The mechanical strip of the fiber cladding has also been used.8 However, these methods only provide access to a relatively small intensity of the evanescent field, and some of these options increase the fragility of the fiber. Recen ...
... etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) to eliminate fiber cladding.7,8 The mechanical strip of the fiber cladding has also been used.8 However, these methods only provide access to a relatively small intensity of the evanescent field, and some of these options increase the fragility of the fiber. Recen ...
Prediction of photothermal phase signatures from arbitrary
... and tissues and are imaged via various effects, including photothermal (PT) imaging, photoacoustic shock-wave imaging, and polarization imaging. 25 Electromagnetic energy absorbed by a metallic nanoparticle quickly transforms into heat due to electron-phonon relaxation; thus, nanoparticles placed i ...
... and tissues and are imaged via various effects, including photothermal (PT) imaging, photoacoustic shock-wave imaging, and polarization imaging. 25 Electromagnetic energy absorbed by a metallic nanoparticle quickly transforms into heat due to electron-phonon relaxation; thus, nanoparticles placed i ...
Birefringent Thin Films for LCDs Pochi Yeh
... the plane of incidence. For normal incidence, the angles are 45 degrees. When the plane of incidence in 45 degrees from the absorption axes of the polarizers, the angle between the unit vector o1 and the normal vector s is an increasing function of the angle of incidence. The deviation from 45 degre ...
... the plane of incidence. For normal incidence, the angles are 45 degrees. When the plane of incidence in 45 degrees from the absorption axes of the polarizers, the angle between the unit vector o1 and the normal vector s is an increasing function of the angle of incidence. The deviation from 45 degre ...
Effect of the refractive index change kinetics of
... described earlier [13] was used. The samples with thickness of 2 mm were prepared. These samples were UV-exposed using a 4 mW He–Cd laser at 325 nm. The procedure of exposure was similar to that described in [14] (Fig. 1). A stripe with Gaussian distribution of dosage and maximum dosage about 0.9 J∕ ...
... described earlier [13] was used. The samples with thickness of 2 mm were prepared. These samples were UV-exposed using a 4 mW He–Cd laser at 325 nm. The procedure of exposure was similar to that described in [14] (Fig. 1). A stripe with Gaussian distribution of dosage and maximum dosage about 0.9 J∕ ...
Fiber optics for laser cooling and trapping
... the FC-APC (angled physical contact) type for deterring back-reflections. Radiation splitting is achieved by using a cascade of rotary half-wave plates in combination with polarization beam splitters (Figure 2a). This provides a remarkable degree of flexibility and allows almost any desired splittin ...
... the FC-APC (angled physical contact) type for deterring back-reflections. Radiation splitting is achieved by using a cascade of rotary half-wave plates in combination with polarization beam splitters (Figure 2a). This provides a remarkable degree of flexibility and allows almost any desired splittin ...
Utilization of Birefringent Fiber as Sensor of Temperature Field
... 0.75 rad.m-1°C-1. High sensitivity on the ambient temperature was also investigated during measurement of effect of torsion on the transient properties and so that has been measured more detailed [2]. Along the propagation of only one polarization mode, temperature dependence is not substantial in m ...
... 0.75 rad.m-1°C-1. High sensitivity on the ambient temperature was also investigated during measurement of effect of torsion on the transient properties and so that has been measured more detailed [2]. Along the propagation of only one polarization mode, temperature dependence is not substantial in m ...