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lecture1
lecture1

... protected from light as they slowly darken in visible light. When samples therefore exist as pure liquid, they are run without dilution. This allows for identification or confirmation of an unknown or new compound. The cell length must be short (0.01 – 0.05 mm) to keep the absorbance within the opti ...
Bonding. A. Ionic bonds form when anions and cations arise
Bonding. A. Ionic bonds form when anions and cations arise

... Because of the electronegativity differences between atoms, it is not always possible for the octet rules to be followed rigorously. Oxidation numbers offer a summary of the octet rule each atom followed in the bonding process. Follow these rules to determine the oxidation number of any atom: 1. The ...
2014 Academic Challenge Sectional Chemistry Exam Solution Set 1
2014 Academic Challenge Sectional Chemistry Exam Solution Set 1

... required that this obey a first order rate law or be a gas phase reaction (B or D). The dissociation of chlorine gas into chlorine atoms would be an endothermic reaction due to the bond breaking (C). There are no intermediates in a one-step reaction (E). ...
5.1 Student - Van Buren Public Schools
5.1 Student - Van Buren Public Schools

Light scattering by randomly rough surfaces
Light scattering by randomly rough surfaces

... – n = 1 corresponds to an extreme fractal (D = 2), – n = 2 corresponds to a Brownian fractal (D = 1.5), – n = 3 to a marginal fractal (D = 1). For the case of two-dimensional surfaces, the exponent must be increased by one. ...
AQA C2 revision book
AQA C2 revision book

o C
o C

... Valence electrons can be thought of as being the property of all the atoms. ...
Using light scattering method to find The surface tension of water
Using light scattering method to find The surface tension of water

... surface tension is caused by Various intermolecular forces, such as, draw the liquid particles together. Along the surface, the particles are pulled toward the rest of the liquid. Surface tension is measured in of N/m (Newton per meter). ...
Chemistry FINAL: CONTENT Review Packet
Chemistry FINAL: CONTENT Review Packet

... Principal Quantum Number Angular Momentum Quantum Number Magnetic Quantum Number Spin Quantum Number ...
HERE
HERE

... D) Zinc 15) Which property is an example of a chemical property? A) the ability to burn B) the ability to melt C) the ability to dissolve D) the ability to evaporate 16) During a physical science lab investigating chemical reactions, several students placed an antacid tablet in a zip-lock bag. They ...
IJCA 47A(6) 815-820
IJCA 47A(6) 815-820

... relatively weaker intensity and broader peak width (Fig. 1b) over the as-synthesized sample (Fig. 1a). This result suggests that the nanostructure has been restored after the re moval of the surfactant. However, the arrangement of the pores became more disordered after the removal of SDA. In order t ...
Introduction to Quantum Physics
Introduction to Quantum Physics

Photon momentum and uncertainty
Photon momentum and uncertainty

... Measuring Position and Momentum of an Electron   By Plancks law E = hc/λ, a photon with a short wavelength has a large energy   Thus, it would impart a large kick to the electron ...
THE STRUCTURE OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
THE STRUCTURE OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

... A molecule has a certain number of degrees of freedom, such as its ability to translate (the motion of its centre of mass through space), rotate around its centre of mass, or vibrate (as its bond lengths and angles change). Many physical and chemical properties depend on the energy associated with e ...
NMR: Technical Background
NMR: Technical Background

... (the vector representations of the net magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms) will point in random directions. 1 When exposed to an externally applied magnetic field, however, these magnetic moments tend to align themselves either parallel to or antiparallel to the magnetic field. 2 Because the ener ...
Chemical bond - Physical Science
Chemical bond - Physical Science

... • The octet rule cannot be satisfied in molecules whose total number of valence electrons is an odd number ▫ Ex: NO2 contains 17 total valence electrons – each oxygen contributes 6 and the nitrogen contributes 5 ...
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... the inclusion of spin–orbit coupling and the harmonic vibrational frequency is 300 cm1. A triple-bond covalent radius of 1.18 Å has recently been proposed for uranium.6 For a triple U–U bond this would give 2.36 Å, close enough to the calculated 2.30 Å. Inspection of the wave function for the lo ...
revised preliminary introduction of spectroscopy
revised preliminary introduction of spectroscopy

... state to an excited state. In addition the atoms can rotate and vibrate with respect to each other. These vibrations and rotations also have discrete energy levels. This large number of available levels produces broad bands in a UV/VIS spectrum, rather than narrow peaks. Most UV/VIS spectrometric st ...
Color Distribution of Light Balls in Hessdalen Lights Pheomenon
Color Distribution of Light Balls in Hessdalen Lights Pheomenon

... absolute luminosity of this cluster of light balls has been estimated to be about 19 kW. The empirical evidence is that the small balls which can be ejected to a large distance (on the order of 50–100 m) from the large white-colored nucleus tend to be green-colored, while the small balls that appear ...
Directional Reflection measurements on
Directional Reflection measurements on

... accessories are specially designed for the characterisation of multilayer dielectric materials like laser mirrors. In this paper the features of these tools are discussed and an evaluation of the measurement uncertainties is given. ...
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File

...  When atoms become electrically charged particles, they are called ions.  Metals lose electrons and become positive ions (called cations).  Some metals (multivalent) lose electrons in different ways.  For example, iron, Fe, loses either two (Fe2+) or three (Fe3+) electrons  Non-metals gain elec ...
Lecture 13: Heisenberg and Uncertainty
Lecture 13: Heisenberg and Uncertainty

... and velocity, v, the object has a wavelength, λ = h / mv  One can probe ‘see’ the fine details of matter by using high energy particles (they have a small wavelength !) ...
Energy
Energy

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11.2 - St. Thomas More school Science Student Site
11.2 - St. Thomas More school Science Student Site

Notes - Organization of Matter
Notes - Organization of Matter

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Rutherford backscattering spectrometry



Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an analytical technique used in materials science. Sometimes referred to as high-energy ion scattering (HEIS) spectrometry, RBS is used to determine the structure and composition of materials by measuring the backscattering of a beam of high energy ions (typically protons or alpha particles) impinging on a sample.
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