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Full version - Villanova Computer Science
Full version - Villanova Computer Science

... They can be divided into two major classes: Hilbert-style and Gentzen-style. Hilbert-style systems are axiom-based while Gentzen-style systems are rule-based. Gentzen-style systems have a number of advantages, including existence of straightforward proof search algorithms. In this course we will dea ...
(draft)
(draft)

... 2 Constructive Logic (a.k.a. Intuitionistic) In Constructive Logic one needs to prove a logical formula is true by proving it is true, not by proving the negation is false (proof by contradiction). While the latter might be perfectly acceptable in classical logic, that method cannot be used in the C ...
An Introduction to Lower Bounds on Formula
An Introduction to Lower Bounds on Formula

Plural Quantifiers
Plural Quantifiers

SECOND-ORDER LOGIC, OR - University of Chicago Math
SECOND-ORDER LOGIC, OR - University of Chicago Math

The Discovery of the Computer
The Discovery of the Computer

Sequent calculus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sequent calculus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

... In proof theory and mathematical logic, the sequent calculus is a widely known deduction system for first-order logic (and propositional logic as a special case of it). The system is also known under the name LK, distinguishing it from various other systems of similar fashion that have been created ...
Gödel on Conceptual Realism and Mathematical Intuition
Gödel on Conceptual Realism and Mathematical Intuition

Equivalents of the (Weak) Fan Theorem
Equivalents of the (Weak) Fan Theorem

Practice Problem Set 1
Practice Problem Set 1

... • Mutual discussion and discussion with the instructor/TA is strongly encouraged. 1. [From HW1, Autumn 2011] Use the proof system of first order logic studied in class to prove each of the following sequents. You must indicate which proof rule you are applying at each step. (a) ∀x∀y. ((P (x) ∨ Q(y) ...
First-order logic;
First-order logic;

... Representation: Understand the relationships between different representations of the same information or idea. I ...
Lecture 11 Artificial Intelligence Predicate Logic
Lecture 11 Artificial Intelligence Predicate Logic

Welcome to CS 245
Welcome to CS 245

... What about the “Computation” part? What is the role of computation in our study of logic? Computers are really good at syntactic manipulation. We can use computers, therefore, to implement proof-checkers and other tools to assist us in proving theorems (catching mistakes, proving some simple result ...
Pre-Greek math
Pre-Greek math

... Motives for re-conceptualization of mathematics in 19th century • Attempts to establish a consistent foundation for mathematics – one that is free from paradoxes “In both situations [Greeks vs. 16th century and 16th vs. 19th century], crises had developed which threatened the security of mathematic ...
Probabilistic Propositional Logic
Probabilistic Propositional Logic

... (which is really only O(2n) –no worse than the (deterministic) prop logic • The real problem is assessing probabilities. – You could need as many as 2n numbers (if all variables are dependent on all other variables); or just n numbers if each variable is independent of all other variables. Generally ...
Mathematical Logic
Mathematical Logic

4. Overview of Meaning Proto
4. Overview of Meaning Proto

CIS160 Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science Some Notes
CIS160 Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science Some Notes

... 10 CHAPTER 1. MATHEMATICAL REASONING, PROOF PRINCIPLES AND LOGIC ...
Completeness Theorem for Continuous Functions and Product
Completeness Theorem for Continuous Functions and Product

... such that (A, ∈) is a model of KP. The smallest example of an admissible set is the set of hereditarily finite sets HF which corresponds to classical computability theory. Another example of an admissible set, important in this paper, is the set HC of hereditarily countable sets. To emphasize the ana ...
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Lecture Notes in Computer Science

... Several recent extensions of definite Horn clause programming, especially those with a proof-theoretic background, have much in common. One common thread is a new emphasis on hypothetical reasoning, which is typically inspired by Gentzen-style sequent or natural deduction systems. This is not only o ...
Logical Fallacies Chart APLAC TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE 1
Logical Fallacies Chart APLAC TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE 1

Section 6.1 How Do We Reason? We make arguments, where an
Section 6.1 How Do We Reason? We make arguments, where an

Dialetheic truth theory: inconsistency, non-triviality, soundness, incompleteness
Dialetheic truth theory: inconsistency, non-triviality, soundness, incompleteness

Notes Predicate Logic II
Notes Predicate Logic II

... The theorem states that every valid sequent can be proven, and every sequent that can be proven is valid. This theorem was proven by Kurt Gödel in 1929 in his doctoral dissertation. A description of his proof, as well as the proofs of the following theorems, is beyond the scope of this chapter. The ...
Handout 14
Handout 14

... provable is a tautology. Thus, the formal system of propositional logic is not only sound (i.e. generates only valid formulas) but also generates all of them. Theorem 5.2 (completeness of propositional logic). Let T be a set of formulas and A a formula. Then T (A ...
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Mathematical logic

Mathematical logic is a subfield of mathematics exploring the applications of formal logic to mathematics. It bears close connections to metamathematics, the foundations of mathematics, and theoretical computer science. The unifying themes in mathematical logic include the study of the expressive power of formal systems and the deductive power of formal proof systems.Mathematical logic is often divided into the fields of set theory, model theory, recursion theory, and proof theory. These areas share basic results on logic, particularly first-order logic, and definability. In computer science (particularly in the ACM Classification) mathematical logic encompasses additional topics not detailed in this article; see Logic in computer science for those.Since its inception, mathematical logic has both contributed to, and has been motivated by, the study of foundations of mathematics. This study began in the late 19th century with the development of axiomatic frameworks for geometry, arithmetic, and analysis. In the early 20th century it was shaped by David Hilbert's program to prove the consistency of foundational theories. Results of Kurt Gödel, Gerhard Gentzen, and others provided partial resolution to the program, and clarified the issues involved in proving consistency. Work in set theory showed that almost all ordinary mathematics can be formalized in terms of sets, although there are some theorems that cannot be proven in common axiom systems for set theory. Contemporary work in the foundations of mathematics often focuses on establishing which parts of mathematics can be formalized in particular formal systems (as in reverse mathematics) rather than trying to find theories in which all of mathematics can be developed.
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