Judgment and consequence relations
... problems. Two parameters come into play as soon as we have variables. The first is that a logic may have different theories (or, equivalently, different matrices). The second is that variables must be given values. The consequence is obtained by abstracting over these two parameters. The circumstanc ...
... problems. Two parameters come into play as soon as we have variables. The first is that a logic may have different theories (or, equivalently, different matrices). The second is that variables must be given values. The consequence is obtained by abstracting over these two parameters. The circumstanc ...
Formal Logic, Models, Reality
... this can lead to false conclusions like for instance Bell's inequality. Therefore classical formal logic is not sound when it is applied to a local quantum reality, and classical formal logic cannot be applied directly to a local quantum reality. It can only be applied to set-theoretical semantic mo ...
... this can lead to false conclusions like for instance Bell's inequality. Therefore classical formal logic is not sound when it is applied to a local quantum reality, and classical formal logic cannot be applied directly to a local quantum reality. It can only be applied to set-theoretical semantic mo ...
Complexity of Recursive Normal Default Logic 1. Introduction
... are several such conditions in the published literature. Some of these will be used below. These include the notion of stratification [ABW88] and its generalization, local stratification [Prz88]. These conditions guarantee (when described in the language of nonmonotonic rule systems) the existence o ...
... are several such conditions in the published literature. Some of these will be used below. These include the notion of stratification [ABW88] and its generalization, local stratification [Prz88]. These conditions guarantee (when described in the language of nonmonotonic rule systems) the existence o ...
ON PRESERVING 1. Introduction The
... 3. What’s Wrong With This Picture? To answer the question in the section heading, there really isn’t anything wrong with an approach which characterizes inference in terms of preserving consistency. It’s consistency itself, or at least many accounts of it, which casts a shadow over our everyday logi ...
... 3. What’s Wrong With This Picture? To answer the question in the section heading, there really isn’t anything wrong with an approach which characterizes inference in terms of preserving consistency. It’s consistency itself, or at least many accounts of it, which casts a shadow over our everyday logi ...
Logic - United States Naval Academy
... Two (compound) expressions are logically equivalent if and only if they have identical truth values for all possible combinations of truth values for the sub-expressions. If A and B are logically equivalent, we write A B . (Another notation for logical equivalence is ; that is, if A and B are lo ...
... Two (compound) expressions are logically equivalent if and only if they have identical truth values for all possible combinations of truth values for the sub-expressions. If A and B are logically equivalent, we write A B . (Another notation for logical equivalence is ; that is, if A and B are lo ...
Standardization of Formulæ
... Clause form of a deduction A deduction [F1 , .., Fn ] ` G is correct iff F1 ∧ .. ∧ Fn ∧ ¬G is not satisfiable get the clause form of every Fi get the clause form of ¬G compute the union of all sets of clauses check the satisfiability ...
... Clause form of a deduction A deduction [F1 , .., Fn ] ` G is correct iff F1 ∧ .. ∧ Fn ∧ ¬G is not satisfiable get the clause form of every Fi get the clause form of ¬G compute the union of all sets of clauses check the satisfiability ...
Is the Liar Sentence Both True and False? - NYU Philosophy
... comfortably reason in. (The absence of a conditional obeying the law ‘if A then A’ is a symptom of this.) And this fact could seem a motivation for dialetheism. For there is a minor variant of the logic—Priest’s LP—that can easily seem more satisfactory. As a semantics for LP we can assign semantic ...
... comfortably reason in. (The absence of a conditional obeying the law ‘if A then A’ is a symptom of this.) And this fact could seem a motivation for dialetheism. For there is a minor variant of the logic—Priest’s LP—that can easily seem more satisfactory. As a semantics for LP we can assign semantic ...
CSE 452: Programming Languages
... Interactive Prolog implementations do this by simply having two modes, indicated by different prompts: one for entering goals and one for entering fact and rule statements ...
... Interactive Prolog implementations do this by simply having two modes, indicated by different prompts: one for entering goals and one for entering fact and rule statements ...
Computing Default Extensions by Reductions on OR
... equivalence-preserving reduction of the O R-formula to a disjunction of modalized propositional formulae of the form Oϕk . The O R-formula in the example reduces to Op ∨ Oq. The third step is to determine the set of extensions of the default theory from the simpler formula obtained in the second ste ...
... equivalence-preserving reduction of the O R-formula to a disjunction of modalized propositional formulae of the form Oϕk . The O R-formula in the example reduces to Op ∨ Oq. The third step is to determine the set of extensions of the default theory from the simpler formula obtained in the second ste ...
Variations on a Montagovian Theme
... Let me be a bit more precise than I have been so far. We will be concerned with theories of knowledge, belief, apriority or some other “modality”. Until further notice, I assume that a theory of this kind can be identified with a logically closed set of sentences in a first-order language L . As usu ...
... Let me be a bit more precise than I have been so far. We will be concerned with theories of knowledge, belief, apriority or some other “modality”. Until further notice, I assume that a theory of this kind can be identified with a logically closed set of sentences in a first-order language L . As usu ...