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Color Astronomical Imaging Using Polarizing Filters
Color Astronomical Imaging Using Polarizing Filters

... angles are all referenced to 135 degrees in Figure 7 versus in Figure 6 which has two of the three angles being orthogonal and being offset by 45 degrees relative to each other. This affects the contrast observed in these images. For that reason and another explained below, the author prefers and re ...
Reflection, Refraction and the Prism
Reflection, Refraction and the Prism

... of the path of light through any optical system. However, as seen in the chapter on Light, the Huygens wavefront construction can be become complicated, especially in systems with a large number of optical components. A simpler approach to track the behavior of light is based on the propagation of l ...
N - Purdue Physics
N - Purdue Physics

John Kerr and his effects found in 1877 and 1878
John Kerr and his effects found in 1877 and 1878

... Kerr’s experimental set-up consisted of a magnet (‘‘an upright horseshoe electromagnet’’) with polar surfaces perpendicular to the axes of the core of electromagnet (‘‘they had to be smoothed and brightened by polishing, a process I found troublesome and excessively tedious . . .’’), a light source ...
1 Experiment #1: Reflection, Refraction, and Dispersion Purpose: To
1 Experiment #1: Reflection, Refraction, and Dispersion Purpose: To

... 3. Label a new page (3). Allow a single ray to strike the midpoint of the concave mirror at an oblique angle. Trace the surface of the mirror and the incident and reflected rays. Draw a tangent line to the mirror surface at the point of reflection (by allowing it to deviate away from the mirror equa ...
Atom optics with microfabricated optical elements
Atom optics with microfabricated optical elements

... states in alkali atoms [60] and relies on the simultaneous interaction of the atoms with two mutually coherent laser ®elds. For a suciently large detuning from the single-photon resonance, only the atoms in the trap that is addressed by both laser beams are a€ected by them. By sending one Raman bea ...
Microscopy 1: Optical
Microscopy 1: Optical

... The angular resolution of an optical system can be estimated (from the diameter of the aperture and the wavelength of the light) by the Rayleigh criterion: Two point sources are regarded as just resolved when the principal diffraction maximum of one image coincides with the first minimum of the othe ...
AS Waves and Optics
AS Waves and Optics

... (a) In an experiment, a narrow beam of white light from a filament lamp is directed at normal incidence at a diffraction grating. Complete the diagram in the figure below to show the light beams transmitted by the grating, showing the zero-order beam and the ...
Theoretical and experimental investigation of direct detection optical
Theoretical and experimental investigation of direct detection optical



... can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when ...
Ocean wave slope from polarimetric imaging
Ocean wave slope from polarimetric imaging

File
File

Extreme Sensitivity in Photoacoustics by Using Optical Cantilever
Extreme Sensitivity in Photoacoustics by Using Optical Cantilever

Creation of gap solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creation of gap solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates

10.3.2.1.1 Spectral apparatus An optical arrangement or an
10.3.2.1.1 Spectral apparatus An optical arrangement or an

... When the radiation passes through the same optical components before and after being dispersed, the spectral system is autocollimative. Spectral separation or isolation of optical radiation may be achieved by using a dispersive component such as a prism, a diffraction grating, or a multiple-beam int ...
12. Infrared and Visible Waves
12. Infrared and Visible Waves

chapter 7
chapter 7

Observation of transverse interference fringes on an atom laser beam
Observation of transverse interference fringes on an atom laser beam

This space should be left blank, except for the name of the first author.
This space should be left blank, except for the name of the first author.

... different radial locations in the plasma. The radially resolved IF signals are integrated (video bandwidth ~ 400 kHz) and finally sampled by the digitizers (up to 2 MHz). The total number of channels is 24×8=192 with the spatial resolution ~ 1–2 cm and the time resolution ~ 1 s. For high field oper ...
DVD Optical System Design
DVD Optical System Design

... according to the notation in Mouroulis and Macdonald where each δ is the distance from the surface of the lens to the respective principle plane. Subscripts 1 and k denote rays before and after the lens, respectively. Subtracting the length of δ from the focal length, we can get the distances of the ...
Single-plane multiple speckle pattern phase retrieval
Single-plane multiple speckle pattern phase retrieval

Universal Description of Spherical Aberration Free Lenses
Universal Description of Spherical Aberration Free Lenses

... This is recognized as the familiar lens makers formula usually derived using spherical optics with the paraxial approximation. This is not surprising since any of the conic sections approximate a sphere when examined with small enough aperture; the two derivations must agree on the lens central radi ...
Alkali-metal atoms in laser fields: optical pumping, coherent
Alkali-metal atoms in laser fields: optical pumping, coherent

... thesis deals with three aspects and applications of alkali-metal atoms, in particular rubidium (Rb). Optical pumping changes both the amplitudes and the center positions of the absorption profiles in the Doppler-broadened D-line spectra of the alkali-metal atoms. This effect has been studied by redu ...
Generalized shifts and weak values for polarization components of
Generalized shifts and weak values for polarization components of

7_SNOM
7_SNOM

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Nonlinear optics

Nonlinear optics (NLO) is the branch of optics that describes the behavior of light in nonlinear media, that is, media in which the dielectric polarization P responds nonlinearly to the electric field E of the light. This nonlinearity is typically only observed at very high light intensities (values of the electric field comparable to interatomic electric fields, typically 108 V/m) such as those provided by lasers. Above the Schwinger limit, the vacuum itself is expected to become nonlinear. In nonlinear optics, the superposition principle no longer holds.Nonlinear optics remained unexplored until the discovery of Second harmonic generation shortly after demonstration of the first laser. (Peter Franken et al. at University of Michigan in 1961)
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