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Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

... The discovery of how to grind glass lenses to magnify tiny objects was one of the critical first steps in the Scientific Revolution. Seventeenth century natural philosophers hoped that the microscope might reveal the “corpuscles” thought to be the elementary constituents of matter. When this proved ...
Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and
Interferometric measurement of the resonant absorption and

... economically feasible to bring these tools into the undergraduate laboratory,1–4 and TeachSpin5 has recently introduced a laser system designed specifically for physics teaching. Saturated-absorption spectroscopy is the standard undergraduate lab experiment using tunable diode lasers, but many other ...
Class 3b Laser Safety
Class 3b Laser Safety

... care if you have safety glasses, or if it's only a 2mW keychain pointer. Don't do it! For one thing, don't get into a habit of looking into the beam with cheap pointers, you might someday be working with a more powerful laser. Laser Safety goggles protect against accidental exposures, they aren't me ...
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Ray Diagrams Powerpoint

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Birefringency: Calculation of Refracted Ray Paths in - Giga
Birefringency: Calculation of Refracted Ray Paths in - Giga

... out. The main contribution, made by Tannenbaum et al. [19], discussed coherency and polarization and presented a matrix based formulation1 . They solved the propagation through an uniaxial crystal and established a set of formulas for calculating those uniaxial propagation directions. Another import ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... respectively. The size of the phase object can be estimated from the distance between both discontinuities which are indicated by two arrows in Figure 5a. For the opaque object, the width between both discontinuities of the intensity profile represents its size. From the intensity profile of the two ...
MS Word 97 - Vadim Makarov
MS Word 97 - Vadim Makarov

IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

Holographic methods for phase microscopic objects study
Holographic methods for phase microscopic objects study

Observation of coupling between surface plasmons in index
Observation of coupling between surface plasmons in index

... through a periodic array of subwavelength holes in an optically thick metal film1 triggered interest in the coupling between light and surface plasmons. This coupling occurs via diffraction of the periodic lattice, effectively adding a reciprocal lattice vector to the wave vector of the incoming lig ...
Designing an Experimental Prototype to Support Geometric Optics
Designing an Experimental Prototype to Support Geometric Optics

A simple experiment on diffraction of light by interfering liquid
A simple experiment on diffraction of light by interfering liquid

... terns appear for waves generated by a single exciter for applied voltages 4.5 and 7.4 V, respectively. In other words, for two exciters, the zero-order diffraction spot vanishes for nearly half of the applied voltage compared to that for a single exciter. Similarly, we find that for three pins the z ...
Bandgap-assisted surface-plasmon sensing Arnaud J. Benahmed* and Chih-Ming Ho
Bandgap-assisted surface-plasmon sensing Arnaud J. Benahmed* and Chih-Ming Ho

... creases. In this type of structure, the size of the gap is intimately related to the contrast between the optical index of the medium n3 and the dielectric that forms the grating nd [13]. The reflectivity maps corresponding to structure (c) present two distinctive features. First, the average refle ...
One-parameter two-term HenyeyŒGreenstein phase function for
One-parameter two-term HenyeyŒGreenstein phase function for

... To compare results of modeling with the seawater TTHG phase function with the experimental data, a set of random pairs of backscattering probability and single-scattering albedos 共B, ␻0兲 was generated. These pairs, being homogeneously distributed in the rectangle 共0 ⱕ B ⱕ 0.5, 0 ⱕ ␻0 ⱕ 1兲, simulate ...
Inexpensive optical tweezers for undergraduate laboratories
Inexpensive optical tweezers for undergraduate laboratories

Diffraction Gratings
Diffraction Gratings

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AQA GCSE Physics P3 Revision Worksheet
AQA GCSE Physics P3 Revision Worksheet

... How does a transformer work? Fill the missing words: An …………………………………………………………… current in the primary coil produces a changing magnetic ………………………. in the iron core and hence in the secondary coil. This …………………………………………………….. an alternating ………………..………………… difference across the ends of the ……………………… ...
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Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals * Chiyan Luo,
Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals * Chiyan Luo,

... Negative refraction of electromagnetic waves, initially proposed in the 1960s,1 recently attracted strong research interest2–16 and generated some heated debate.17–29 In particular, much attention was focused on the intriguing possibility of superlensing suggested in Ref. 5: a slab of uniform ‘‘left ...
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2006

... 3. Imaging the Mott Insulator shells using atomic clock shifts Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices are an ideal system for studying stronglycorrelated many-body systems. The Mott Insulator transition is a paradigm of condensed matter physics and describes how electron correlations can lead ...
How Light Works - NYU Web Publishing
How Light Works - NYU Web Publishing

... didn't slow down incoming light much more than, say, water does. Diamonds have a higher index of refraction than water, which is to say that those sparkly, costly light traps slow down light to a greater degree. Lenses, like those in a telescope or in a pair of glasses, take advantage of refraction. ...
FOCUSING OF NEUTRONS USING NANOTUBES WITH SURFACE
FOCUSING OF NEUTRONS USING NANOTUBES WITH SURFACE

... Neutron polycapillary optics was first suggested by M.A. Kumakhov about 25 years ago. Polycapillary technologies enable creation of neutron diffractometers, spectrometers, reflectometers, microscopes—all with a micron-size focal spot [1,2]. New instruments of neutron optics are portable and highly e ...
Wide viewing angle holographic display with a multi spatial light
Wide viewing angle holographic display with a multi spatial light

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Nonlinear optics

Nonlinear optics (NLO) is the branch of optics that describes the behavior of light in nonlinear media, that is, media in which the dielectric polarization P responds nonlinearly to the electric field E of the light. This nonlinearity is typically only observed at very high light intensities (values of the electric field comparable to interatomic electric fields, typically 108 V/m) such as those provided by lasers. Above the Schwinger limit, the vacuum itself is expected to become nonlinear. In nonlinear optics, the superposition principle no longer holds.Nonlinear optics remained unexplored until the discovery of Second harmonic generation shortly after demonstration of the first laser. (Peter Franken et al. at University of Michigan in 1961)
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