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exam solutions
exam solutions

A short tutorial on optical rogue waves
A short tutorial on optical rogue waves

... These rare soliton events are optical rogue waves Experiments reveal that these instabilities yield long-tailed statistics ...
Phys 12 Investigating the Photoelectric Effect 1a) List three
Phys 12 Investigating the Photoelectric Effect 1a) List three

... reasons where the wave model breaks down. 1) The energy of the light is dependent on its intensity. 2) The electrons are not resonating off the metal since the effect either occurs immediately or it never does. 3) The frequency of the light is shown to determine its energy. ...
CJP_Attosecond
CJP_Attosecond

... just like any other wave interferes. This process is often termed a “recollision”. The term recollision emphasizes the particle-like nature of electrons while the electron interfering with itself emphasizes the wave-like nature of the electron. 1.3. Electron–ion recollision: creating an electronic i ...
Combining and Choosing Analytical Techniques
Combining and Choosing Analytical Techniques

... Positive ions are formed in the ionisation chamber when an electron beam dislodges electrons from the sample atoms The positive ions are accelerated by an electric field The ions enter a magnetic field perpendicular to their path. This causes the ions to move in a curved path with a radius that depe ...
Nanophotonics Lecture 1 - Groups
Nanophotonics Lecture 1 - Groups

... 1970s: commercial methods of producing low-loss fibers by Corning and AT&T. ...
Modulation instability for a relaxational Kerr medium Xue Liu , S.M. Shahriar
Modulation instability for a relaxational Kerr medium Xue Liu , S.M. Shahriar

... curve and our numerical simulation of the periodic amplitude gain. Only the positive frequency side of the gain curve is shown here; the spectra are symmetric around X = 0. As noted the peak gain decreases, as the relaxing time s increases. This can be interpreted by treating the modulation instabil ...
Lecture 17
Lecture 17

... The active layer in a heterojunction laser can be made very thin. If the width of the active layer is comparable to the de Broglie wavelength of the electrons (typically around the nm range) then quantum confinement can be achieved. The energy levels are no longer continuous but are quantized into d ...
n= n= n=1
n= n= n=1

... 2. The valence electron of Na is in the 3s state, when the atom is in the ground state. The valence electron can be excited to higher levels. Indicate on the energy-level diagram shown below, all allowed transitions among the levels. (It is sufficient to show only the upward transitions). ...
Coherent Optical Information Systems
Coherent Optical Information Systems

... bate at ␭ ⫽ 514 nm (19). The maximum reflecoccurs as different portions of this broad specavailability of coherent light sources has been tivity is at the Bragg wavelength ␭ ⫽ 1550 nm trum reach the destination with different delays. the key innovation enabling the rapid rise of (Fig. 4). Notice tha ...
2.87-Gb/s random bit generation based on bandwidth
2.87-Gb/s random bit generation based on bandwidth

... bandwidth of a slave laser diode (SLD) with optical feedback can be enhanced by external optical injection technique from 6.2 to 16.8 GHz[13] . The feedback strength and polarization state of the feedback light are adjusted by a variable optical attenuator (VOA) and a polarization controller (PC), r ...
Tandem-Phase-Modulator-Based Optical Isolator in Silicon
Tandem-Phase-Modulator-Based Optical Isolator in Silicon

secon harmonic generation
secon harmonic generation

... differently when the direction of the external electric field is inverted. The concept may be extended to high-frequency electric fields or, electromagnetic waves: it means that we may control the propagating field by another propagating field (or, by the same electromagnetic field). Such response p ...
THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LASER TECHNOLOGY, USES AND
THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LASER TECHNOLOGY, USES AND

Nonlinear Optical Methods to Study Condensed Phase
Nonlinear Optical Methods to Study Condensed Phase

Synopses by Kim Larsen
Synopses by Kim Larsen

... significantly smaller than the bulk absorption through the material due to coatings (2βs << βVL), so that the apparent absorption is just the bulk absorption (βapp ≈ βV)8. Analysis of Equation 14 shows how quickly the beam quality will degrade for a given set of system quantities, and the third term ...
Femto-Photography: Capturing and Visualizing the
Femto-Photography: Capturing and Visualizing the

Wavelength-tuning interferometry of intraocular distances
Wavelength-tuning interferometry of intraocular distances

... terference fringes that pass a fixed point in an interferogram while the wavelength of a pulse-modeoperated laser diode was changed.19 However, this fringe-counting method does not exploit the full information content of the time-domain signal and can therefore only be used if a single distance is ...
MOCT(Magneto Optic Current Transformer)
MOCT(Magneto Optic Current Transformer)

... passed through the magneto-optical material because of Faraday Effect. Then another polarization prism is used as an analyzer, which is 45 0 oriented with the polarizer, to convert the orientation variation of the polarized light into intensity variation of the light with two outputs, and then these ...
Why The Sky Is Blue
Why The Sky Is Blue

158 The components of light
158 The components of light

Photon number resolution using a time-multiplexed single
Photon number resolution using a time-multiplexed single

Modern battlefield and new materials for eyes protection
Modern battlefield and new materials for eyes protection

... reach tens of millions of Celsius degree. The most of electromagnetic radiation in the visible, infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectrum regions is emitted from the fireball surface within the first minute after detonation [5, 6]. There are also special conventional charges emitting extraordinar ...
PowerPoint-Präsentation
PowerPoint-Präsentation

... Overview of the rest of the talk: The ZRP in a laser field, as it is, describes many experiments even semiquantitatively and generates surprisingly complex spectra For atom-specific results, atom-specific (non ZRP) potentials must be introduced (adjusting the ionization energy is not ...
Generation of nonclassical states from thermal radiation
Generation of nonclassical states from thermal radiation

... where the areas of the pulses are measured and their statistic distributions are analyzed in real time. If a narrow temporal gate with the laser pulses is used, the typical rate of state preparation for vacuum input is about 300 s−1 , with less than 1% contribution from accidental counts. A typical ...
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Ultrafast laser spectroscopy

Ultrafast laser spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique that uses ultrashort pulse lasers for the study of dynamics on extremely short time scales (attoseconds to nanoseconds). Different methods are used to examine dynamics of charge carriers, atoms and molecules. Many different procedures have been developed spanning different time scales and photon energy ranges; some common methods are listed below.
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