Dynamic Simulation of Optical MEM Switches
... through a free-space gap. The switching system is in the “cross” state when the light is passed straight across the free-space gap. However, to switch to the “bar” state, a micro-mirror is inserted between the fibers at a 45-degree angle, and the light is reflected to the alternate output. Systems b ...
... through a free-space gap. The switching system is in the “cross” state when the light is passed straight across the free-space gap. However, to switch to the “bar” state, a micro-mirror is inserted between the fibers at a 45-degree angle, and the light is reflected to the alternate output. Systems b ...
p-Glycoprotein-Mediated Transport of a Fluorescent Rapamycin
... Inverted Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope with a Zeiss 403 planneofluar water immersion objective (NA, 1.3). The microscope was fitted with an Ar-Kr laser also providing light at 488 nm. A 510-nm dichroic filter and a 515-nm long-pass emission filter were used. Neutral density filters and reduced ...
... Inverted Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope with a Zeiss 403 planneofluar water immersion objective (NA, 1.3). The microscope was fitted with an Ar-Kr laser also providing light at 488 nm. A 510-nm dichroic filter and a 515-nm long-pass emission filter were used. Neutral density filters and reduced ...
Optimized back-focal-plane interferometry directly measures forces
... However, using the deflection of the trapping beam to measure the motion of the sample connected the measurements of positions and of momenta. The deflection of the light cone used by Ghislain and Webb naturally contains information on the change in the momentum of the photons, as S. Smith et al. [ ...
... However, using the deflection of the trapping beam to measure the motion of the sample connected the measurements of positions and of momenta. The deflection of the light cone used by Ghislain and Webb naturally contains information on the change in the momentum of the photons, as S. Smith et al. [ ...
Digital Fourier Microscopy for Soft Matter Dynamics
... G ⇠ [nP a, kP a], which is way smaller than the ones characterising typical solids (G ⇠ 10 1000 GP a), accounting for the softness of these materials. The study of materials with length scales varying in such a wide range requires the combination of several experimental methods, including microscopy ...
... G ⇠ [nP a, kP a], which is way smaller than the ones characterising typical solids (G ⇠ 10 1000 GP a), accounting for the softness of these materials. The study of materials with length scales varying in such a wide range requires the combination of several experimental methods, including microscopy ...
Optical Monte Carlo modeling of a true port wine stain anatomy
... perpendicular to the surface of the tissue) is reflected back. Photons which reach the depth extent (boundary parallel to the tissue surface) of the represented space continue to propagate through a Òbuffer regionÓ assumed to have properties of dermis. If the photon travels beyond a depth at which i ...
... perpendicular to the surface of the tissue) is reflected back. Photons which reach the depth extent (boundary parallel to the tissue surface) of the represented space continue to propagate through a Òbuffer regionÓ assumed to have properties of dermis. If the photon travels beyond a depth at which i ...
Micron-scale modifications of Si surface morphology by pulsed
... Equation 共1兲 excludes the effects of lens aberrations. Although we have not quantified the aberrations of the objective lenses used in this study, in most cases light fills only a small fraction of the back-focal-plane aperture of the objective lens and therefore, the diffraction limit described by ...
... Equation 共1兲 excludes the effects of lens aberrations. Although we have not quantified the aberrations of the objective lenses used in this study, in most cases light fills only a small fraction of the back-focal-plane aperture of the objective lens and therefore, the diffraction limit described by ...
Geometrical Optics
... which is called the critical angle. If the angle of incidence is larger than the critical angle, there cannot be a refracted ray and the beam is totally internally reflected. The optical micrometer, a device for precisely displacing a light beam, is shown in figure 2 below. A light ray traversing a ...
... which is called the critical angle. If the angle of incidence is larger than the critical angle, there cannot be a refracted ray and the beam is totally internally reflected. The optical micrometer, a device for precisely displacing a light beam, is shown in figure 2 below. A light ray traversing a ...
Fabry-Perot Interferometer FABRYPEROT.TEX KB 20020122
... Parallel-plate Fabry-Perot interferometers, often denoted as Etalons, can be tuned by inclining them with respect to the beam direction, thus varying the phase shift inside the plate. This principle is used, e. g., to select single modes inside a laser resonator. For spectroscopic applications, yet, ...
... Parallel-plate Fabry-Perot interferometers, often denoted as Etalons, can be tuned by inclining them with respect to the beam direction, thus varying the phase shift inside the plate. This principle is used, e. g., to select single modes inside a laser resonator. For spectroscopic applications, yet, ...
Imaging cytoskeletal filament organization at the molecular scale
... Optical tools. Provided that fluorophores are attached to the studied filaments in a sufficiently rigid manner (see “Biological tools” section below), a polarized excitation/emission provides knowledge on their orientational behaviour [1,2]. A new polarized fluorescence imaging tool will be implemen ...
... Optical tools. Provided that fluorophores are attached to the studied filaments in a sufficiently rigid manner (see “Biological tools” section below), a polarized excitation/emission provides knowledge on their orientational behaviour [1,2]. A new polarized fluorescence imaging tool will be implemen ...
Summary of the Invention. The aim of scanning jet
... a topological figure, that considerably complicates and elongates all process. As it follows from said above, there is a number of problems for sequential ways of a nanolithography, which should be solved to make possible the creation of the serial apparatus. In this invention conjugation of wide kn ...
... a topological figure, that considerably complicates and elongates all process. As it follows from said above, there is a number of problems for sequential ways of a nanolithography, which should be solved to make possible the creation of the serial apparatus. In this invention conjugation of wide kn ...
Integrated Optics
... miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be processed at much higher speeds. • “Integrated optics is a technology which aims at constructing socalled integrated optical de ...
... miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be processed at much higher speeds. • “Integrated optics is a technology which aims at constructing socalled integrated optical de ...
Opto-Mechanical Image Quality Degradation of Single Point
... A thorough lens design tolerancing can be done only after a opto-mechanical layout is established. The knife edge method, centered on the mechanical axis, may not provide the correct spot size diameter since the spot could be off by 100 um. To reduce this 100 um offset, a doublet design will reduce ...
... A thorough lens design tolerancing can be done only after a opto-mechanical layout is established. The knife edge method, centered on the mechanical axis, may not provide the correct spot size diameter since the spot could be off by 100 um. To reduce this 100 um offset, a doublet design will reduce ...
... wavelength of 632.8 nm. Never look directly at a laser beam nor permit anyone else to do so! Exposure to the direct or reflected beam for more than a few seconds will cause serious eye damage. Do not pick up the lasers and shine them around the room. If these simple precautions are taken then there ...
Supplementary Methods and References
... becomes invisible. The cell circled in red is visible at 1 and 2 µm, but disappears at 5 µm; while the cell circled in black can be seen in all three depths, indicating the thickness variation of different cells (thicker cell circled in black than the one circled in red). This thickness difference i ...
... becomes invisible. The cell circled in red is visible at 1 and 2 µm, but disappears at 5 µm; while the cell circled in black can be seen in all three depths, indicating the thickness variation of different cells (thicker cell circled in black than the one circled in red). This thickness difference i ...
Excited State Processes and Application to Lasers The technology
... absorption, and therefore stimulated emission, coefficient. However, spontaneous emission can compete with the stimulated emission. In practice organic laser dyes are fluorophores as well. 2.0 Lasers The laser phenomenon involves a stimulated emission of light that results in gain. One input photon ...
... absorption, and therefore stimulated emission, coefficient. However, spontaneous emission can compete with the stimulated emission. In practice organic laser dyes are fluorophores as well. 2.0 Lasers The laser phenomenon involves a stimulated emission of light that results in gain. One input photon ...
Large-scale, white-light, transformation optics using integral imaging
... (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal) realised using these ideas, including cloaking [5]. The sheets are pixellated, introducing discontinuities into transmitted wave fronts, apparently (but not actually) circumventing the limitations of ray optics due to theorems derived for ...
... (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal) realised using these ideas, including cloaking [5]. The sheets are pixellated, introducing discontinuities into transmitted wave fronts, apparently (but not actually) circumventing the limitations of ray optics due to theorems derived for ...
00 Fourier optics – 4f Arrangement – Filtering and reconstruction
... Observations with optical filtration: – (a) Clamp the grid (50 lines/mm) in the object plane P1 in a plate holder. Now perform a low-pass filtration in the Fourier plane P2, by positioning a pinhole diaphragm (diameter: 1 – 2 mm) in such a manner that only a single, arbitrary diffraction maximum pas ...
... Observations with optical filtration: – (a) Clamp the grid (50 lines/mm) in the object plane P1 in a plate holder. Now perform a low-pass filtration in the Fourier plane P2, by positioning a pinhole diaphragm (diameter: 1 – 2 mm) in such a manner that only a single, arbitrary diffraction maximum pas ...
RIT - People - Rochester Institute of Technology
... Figure 1: Comparison of amplitude transfer function and optical transfer function. Cutoff frequencies are shown for each case. ...
... Figure 1: Comparison of amplitude transfer function and optical transfer function. Cutoff frequencies are shown for each case. ...
GFP in plants - Haseloff Lab
... potato virus X (Ref. 5) and the tobacco mosaic virusbased vectors (S.J. Casper and C.A. Holt, unpublished). The use of these cytoplasmic RNA viruses evades any problem with aberrant splicing and very high levels of GFP fluorescence have been seen in infected plants. It is clear that the GFP apoprote ...
... potato virus X (Ref. 5) and the tobacco mosaic virusbased vectors (S.J. Casper and C.A. Holt, unpublished). The use of these cytoplasmic RNA viruses evades any problem with aberrant splicing and very high levels of GFP fluorescence have been seen in infected plants. It is clear that the GFP apoprote ...
b1.2. generation and propagation of higher order gaussian beams
... a confocal microscope leads to lots of spatial and temporal changes to the beam. Hence, it needs to be understood while using such higher order Gaussian beams. It has been thought that Gaussian beam propagating through an ideal thin lens or a mirror with small curvature undergoes a change in paramet ...
... a confocal microscope leads to lots of spatial and temporal changes to the beam. Hence, it needs to be understood while using such higher order Gaussian beams. It has been thought that Gaussian beam propagating through an ideal thin lens or a mirror with small curvature undergoes a change in paramet ...
Signal-to-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio of Full-Field Fourier
... Our optical source is launched into a fiber-optic coupler which splits the light into the sample and reference arms. A sample is located at the front focal plane of a Fourier lens, this is shown as a point like scatterer in Figure1. The scatterer is illuminated at an angle α, by a collimated beam fr ...
... Our optical source is launched into a fiber-optic coupler which splits the light into the sample and reference arms. A sample is located at the front focal plane of a Fourier lens, this is shown as a point like scatterer in Figure1. The scatterer is illuminated at an angle α, by a collimated beam fr ...
Chapter 3 Fiber Optics and Integrated Optics
... Can produce very small lens—hard to manufacture in traditional way. Simplify the optical system— a gradient lens can replace a number of homogeneous lenses. ...
... Can produce very small lens—hard to manufacture in traditional way. Simplify the optical system— a gradient lens can replace a number of homogeneous lenses. ...
Optical Gain Experiment Manual
... The Variable stripe length Method which has been demonstrated by Shaklee and Leheny in 1971 is a direct measurement of the optical gain. A sample from the active material is pumped by a homogeneous line of a laser beam emitted from high power pulsed laser. The emitted light from the edge of the samp ...
... The Variable stripe length Method which has been demonstrated by Shaklee and Leheny in 1971 is a direct measurement of the optical gain. A sample from the active material is pumped by a homogeneous line of a laser beam emitted from high power pulsed laser. The emitted light from the edge of the samp ...
Electro-optical photonic circuits for classical and
... especially important in biological settings. At present, standard imaging methods in the visible can only penetrate a few hundreds of micrometers inside a biological tissue [3]. To overcome this, several modern technique has been studied, infrared, ultrasound methods, optical coherence tomography an ...
... especially important in biological settings. At present, standard imaging methods in the visible can only penetrate a few hundreds of micrometers inside a biological tissue [3]. To overcome this, several modern technique has been studied, infrared, ultrasound methods, optical coherence tomography an ...
Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of adding a spatial pinhole placed at the confocal plane of the lens to eliminate out-of-focus light. It enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures from the obtained images. This technique has gained popularity in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.