Synthesis of highly focused fields with circular
... requirements of a specific problem [10]. Interestingly, several authors described inverse methods to find the pupil function from a predetermined field distribution in the focal area [11, 12]. Light shaping can be accomplished by using an optical setup able to generate beams with arbitrary polariza ...
... requirements of a specific problem [10]. Interestingly, several authors described inverse methods to find the pupil function from a predetermined field distribution in the focal area [11, 12]. Light shaping can be accomplished by using an optical setup able to generate beams with arbitrary polariza ...
Quantitative phase microscopy – a new tool for investigating
... amplitude differences that can be detected by eye. Different forms of optical phase microscopy utilise various optical devices that change the way light is refracted and reflected and these have served for many years as useful tools for qualitative examination of unstained live cells. An overview of ...
... amplitude differences that can be detected by eye. Different forms of optical phase microscopy utilise various optical devices that change the way light is refracted and reflected and these have served for many years as useful tools for qualitative examination of unstained live cells. An overview of ...
Resolution Power And Intensity Distribution Using Synthetic Square
... In all figures the synthetic square aperture woke very well at high number of rows and columns specially (T=10) ,but the case (T=2) cannot get over effect of aberration rather be good in comparison with square aperture but isn't the better from other case in search. The increase intensity and resolu ...
... In all figures the synthetic square aperture woke very well at high number of rows and columns specially (T=10) ,but the case (T=2) cannot get over effect of aberration rather be good in comparison with square aperture but isn't the better from other case in search. The increase intensity and resolu ...
Laser Cooling
... atom moves toward the laser. Using equation [1], the photons of this wavelength have a momentum in the order of 10-28 kg m/s. This number is about 104 times smaller than the momentum of an 87Rb atom moving at the 20 m/s critical velocity. There are many obstacles to overcome in order to get this fre ...
... atom moves toward the laser. Using equation [1], the photons of this wavelength have a momentum in the order of 10-28 kg m/s. This number is about 104 times smaller than the momentum of an 87Rb atom moving at the 20 m/s critical velocity. There are many obstacles to overcome in order to get this fre ...
Devil`s lens optical tweezers
... manipulation of light has even been extended to plasmonics, where a two-dimensional “Sierpinski nanocarpet” structure was shown to produce sub-diffraction limit confinement of the optical field [24]. In this paper we report on the experimental demonstration of a fractal structure lens, the so-calle ...
... manipulation of light has even been extended to plasmonics, where a two-dimensional “Sierpinski nanocarpet” structure was shown to produce sub-diffraction limit confinement of the optical field [24]. In this paper we report on the experimental demonstration of a fractal structure lens, the so-calle ...
Optical Measurements of Pollution Dispersion at
... given short period is proportional to λ1.2, i.e. long wavelengths are better. Indeed, the traditional wavelength for such systems is 10.6 μm from a CO2 laser. Practically, however, the cheapness and convenience of modern communications technology outweighs the 10 dB loss implicit in the move to 1.55 ...
... given short period is proportional to λ1.2, i.e. long wavelengths are better. Indeed, the traditional wavelength for such systems is 10.6 μm from a CO2 laser. Practically, however, the cheapness and convenience of modern communications technology outweighs the 10 dB loss implicit in the move to 1.55 ...
52.3: An Improved Polarizing Beamsplitter LCOS Projection
... development[3], or any other good text on optical aberrations. The importance of astigmatism for this discussion is that a tilted plate in a non-collimated beam introduces astigmatism, while an untilted plate does not[4]. ...
... development[3], or any other good text on optical aberrations. The importance of astigmatism for this discussion is that a tilted plate in a non-collimated beam introduces astigmatism, while an untilted plate does not[4]. ...
Amplitude and Phase of Tightly Focused Laser Beams in Turbid Media
... nearly identical to the spatial phase associated with the Airy disk. Figure 3(b) shows the axial distribution of the focal field which resembles the focal volume known from standard diffraction theory. Thus for thin turbid samples the diffraction-limited focal volume is qualitatively unaffected. The ...
... nearly identical to the spatial phase associated with the Airy disk. Figure 3(b) shows the axial distribution of the focal field which resembles the focal volume known from standard diffraction theory. Thus for thin turbid samples the diffraction-limited focal volume is qualitatively unaffected. The ...
A new approach to sum frequency generation of single
... Many applications within biophotonics and spectroscopy rely on visible laser sources with the possibility of selecting the desired wavelength. Such lasers can be challenging to develop with the exact requirements for the applications. Diode lasers in the visible spectral region are available in the ...
... Many applications within biophotonics and spectroscopy rely on visible laser sources with the possibility of selecting the desired wavelength. Such lasers can be challenging to develop with the exact requirements for the applications. Diode lasers in the visible spectral region are available in the ...
plant cell biology in the new millennium: new tools and new
... is indicative of the importance of this technology to plant science research (Hepler and Gunning, 1998; Wymer et al., 1999). Confocal microscopes work by exciting fluorescence with a highly focused beam of laser light. The laser illuminates the sample, and the emitted fluorescent light is collected ...
... is indicative of the importance of this technology to plant science research (Hepler and Gunning, 1998; Wymer et al., 1999). Confocal microscopes work by exciting fluorescence with a highly focused beam of laser light. The laser illuminates the sample, and the emitted fluorescent light is collected ...
ULTRA-HIGH DENSITY OPTICAL DATA STORAGE P.R. Hemmer
... wavelength of light. In practice, this limit is difficult to achieve; various techniques, including angle multiplexing, wavelength multiplexing, orthogonal phase encoding, and fractal-space multiplexing, or a combination thereof have been employed to improve the storage density, although still well ...
... wavelength of light. In practice, this limit is difficult to achieve; various techniques, including angle multiplexing, wavelength multiplexing, orthogonal phase encoding, and fractal-space multiplexing, or a combination thereof have been employed to improve the storage density, although still well ...
Two-dimensional array of diffractive microlenses
... computing systems, for applications such as array illumination13 and optical interconnections.' 4 Specifically, we are interested in diffractive lenses since they are ...
... computing systems, for applications such as array illumination13 and optical interconnections.' 4 Specifically, we are interested in diffractive lenses since they are ...
Advances in diamond-turned surfaces enable unique cost
... and even toroidal substrates offering unique design flexibility while simultaneously achieving high diffraction efficiency. Precision slit assembles limiting spatial resolution of the spectrometer can be machined with feature sizes as small as 5 microns. These components coupled with precision housi ...
... and even toroidal substrates offering unique design flexibility while simultaneously achieving high diffraction efficiency. Precision slit assembles limiting spatial resolution of the spectrometer can be machined with feature sizes as small as 5 microns. These components coupled with precision housi ...
C. Huang, X. Wu, H. Liu, B. Aldalali, J.A. Rogers and H. Jiang
... square tube (i.e. 60 µm) is much smaller than r (i.e. 1.1 cm) of the hemispherical substrate, reflection can be assumed to occur right at the top surface of the hemisphere. Hence, paraxial light is focused in the same way, with a focal length f of r/2 (i.e. 5.5 mm). However, unlike the spherical mir ...
... square tube (i.e. 60 µm) is much smaller than r (i.e. 1.1 cm) of the hemispherical substrate, reflection can be assumed to occur right at the top surface of the hemisphere. Hence, paraxial light is focused in the same way, with a focal length f of r/2 (i.e. 5.5 mm). However, unlike the spherical mir ...
Handbook of Optical Filters
... have a quantum efficiency of approximately 0.3, but the actual value can be reduced by processes known as quenching, one of which is photobleaching. The combination of these factors, in addition to the fact that many specimens have very small amounts of stained material in the observed field of view ...
... have a quantum efficiency of approximately 0.3, but the actual value can be reduced by processes known as quenching, one of which is photobleaching. The combination of these factors, in addition to the fact that many specimens have very small amounts of stained material in the observed field of view ...
Extended depth-of-field iris recognition system for a
... Narayanswamy et al [9]. The optical transmission of the Wavefront Coded element is defined by a high-order separable function of the form P(x,y) = exp{-j[f(x) + g(y)]}, where f(x) and g(y) are high-order polynomials. One of the key steps in the design of the Wavefront Coded iris recognition system i ...
... Narayanswamy et al [9]. The optical transmission of the Wavefront Coded element is defined by a high-order separable function of the form P(x,y) = exp{-j[f(x) + g(y)]}, where f(x) and g(y) are high-order polynomials. One of the key steps in the design of the Wavefront Coded iris recognition system i ...
Supplement
... To accurately measure the atom number variance it is necessary to eliminate patterns in the absorption images whose fluctuations increase the observed noise. Weak reflections of the probe beam from the walls of the glass cell and from optical elements in the imaging system can interfere with the probe ...
... To accurately measure the atom number variance it is necessary to eliminate patterns in the absorption images whose fluctuations increase the observed noise. Weak reflections of the probe beam from the walls of the glass cell and from optical elements in the imaging system can interfere with the probe ...
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy
... membranes and dissociating it from Rho-GDI (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors), and also that in spite of its homogeneous distribution in the cell, constitutively active Rac selectively interacts with effectors at specific regions of the cell edge (Pozo et al., 2002) (Fig. 1). The onset and ...
... membranes and dissociating it from Rho-GDI (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors), and also that in spite of its homogeneous distribution in the cell, constitutively active Rac selectively interacts with effectors at specific regions of the cell edge (Pozo et al., 2002) (Fig. 1). The onset and ...
Laser Spectroscopy B3 - Imperial College London
... State precautions taken to meet legal requirement and comply with College Policy ...
... State precautions taken to meet legal requirement and comply with College Policy ...
Porous Biomimetic Microlens Arrays as Multifunctional Optical
... Multi-beam interference lithography has been shown as a fast, simple, and versatile approach to create periodic porous microstructures defect free over a large area.18-20 When two or more optical waves are present simultaneously in the same region of space, the waves interfere and generate periodic ...
... Multi-beam interference lithography has been shown as a fast, simple, and versatile approach to create periodic porous microstructures defect free over a large area.18-20 When two or more optical waves are present simultaneously in the same region of space, the waves interfere and generate periodic ...
Geometrical Optics and Lenses
... can be thought of as a series of tiny refracting lenses, each of which refracts light to produce their own image. When these prisms act together, they produce a bright enough image focused at a point. Lenses are commonly used to form images by refraction in optical instruments such as telescopes, mi ...
... can be thought of as a series of tiny refracting lenses, each of which refracts light to produce their own image. When these prisms act together, they produce a bright enough image focused at a point. Lenses are commonly used to form images by refraction in optical instruments such as telescopes, mi ...
Palladium Ultra Thin Layer Profiles Evaluation by Evanescent Light
... The DELI technique provides an excellent contrast for the layer optical emissivity vs. dark background, enabling nanometer thickness z-profiling by a simple optical densitometry technique, as compared to SEM or TEM microscopy which requires vacuum chambers. The DELI morphology observation technique ...
... The DELI technique provides an excellent contrast for the layer optical emissivity vs. dark background, enabling nanometer thickness z-profiling by a simple optical densitometry technique, as compared to SEM or TEM microscopy which requires vacuum chambers. The DELI morphology observation technique ...
Observations of plants with tubular stems with possible biomimetic
... image of top layer (×100). (D),(E): Side-view images of petasites japonicas leaf (×100). Worm-like structural projections were found on leaf surface. (E): Fluorescence microscopy image. 2.2.2 Possibility of optical waveguide Surface structure of the leaf was also observed under polarizing optical mi ...
... image of top layer (×100). (D),(E): Side-view images of petasites japonicas leaf (×100). Worm-like structural projections were found on leaf surface. (E): Fluorescence microscopy image. 2.2.2 Possibility of optical waveguide Surface structure of the leaf was also observed under polarizing optical mi ...
of the Physical and Technical Faculty
... know the basic principles of image formation according to geometrical optics have awareness of the wave processes and phenomena in the interaction of electromagnetic waves with materials know of methods of generation, detection and operation of light beams be able to analyze experimental dat ...
... know the basic principles of image formation according to geometrical optics have awareness of the wave processes and phenomena in the interaction of electromagnetic waves with materials know of methods of generation, detection and operation of light beams be able to analyze experimental dat ...
4-2 Optical Heterodyne Detection for 60- GHz-Band Radio-on
... receiver side. The principle and mathematical description for the detection moethod has been theoretically described. The free-running dualmode local light was used to detect a radio-onfiber signal at a 60-GHz band . When the photodetected signal and reference components multiplied each other, the s ...
... receiver side. The principle and mathematical description for the detection moethod has been theoretically described. The free-running dualmode local light was used to detect a radio-onfiber signal at a 60-GHz band . When the photodetected signal and reference components multiplied each other, the s ...
Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of adding a spatial pinhole placed at the confocal plane of the lens to eliminate out-of-focus light. It enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures from the obtained images. This technique has gained popularity in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.