Second-harmonic generation of focused ultrashort
... propagation direction of each beam. k and η are the wave vector and impedance inside the material, respectively, ω0 is the pump central angular frequency, and v g is the group velocity. In the hard x-ray regime, high above resonances, the linear interaction is described by Thomson scattering giving ...
... propagation direction of each beam. k and η are the wave vector and impedance inside the material, respectively, ω0 is the pump central angular frequency, and v g is the group velocity. In the hard x-ray regime, high above resonances, the linear interaction is described by Thomson scattering giving ...
... thus achieving figure of merits for the electro-optic response that are up to 50% larger. As a demonstration, a chirp-free modulator, having ∼2V switching voltage and bandwidth of 15 GHz, was fabricated by placing the waveguide arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in opposite domain oriented region ...
Note
... optical system far off-axis will degrade the desired flat image, as they will not focus on the focal plane, but on the curved focal surface. Thus, while in general the size of a lens determines the brightness of an image, it may be desirable to prevent some of the light rays from entering the system ...
... optical system far off-axis will degrade the desired flat image, as they will not focus on the focal plane, but on the curved focal surface. Thus, while in general the size of a lens determines the brightness of an image, it may be desirable to prevent some of the light rays from entering the system ...
Generation and Application of Bessel Beams in Electron Microscopy
... second advantage to this approach is that the phase imprinted on the incident wavefront is encoded in the transverse grating profile, and is therefore readily controlled, even when imperfect manufacturing techniques are employed. This technique does suffer from an important drawback, however, in tha ...
... second advantage to this approach is that the phase imprinted on the incident wavefront is encoded in the transverse grating profile, and is therefore readily controlled, even when imperfect manufacturing techniques are employed. This technique does suffer from an important drawback, however, in tha ...
Lateral shearing interferometry for EUV optical testing
... As demands increase for high quality optics in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) and Soft X-ray (SXR) regions for applications in high resolution microscopy and lithography, it is becoming increasingly important to have a reliable means for measuring these optics. In Lateral Shearing Interferometry (LSI ...
... As demands increase for high quality optics in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) and Soft X-ray (SXR) regions for applications in high resolution microscopy and lithography, it is becoming increasingly important to have a reliable means for measuring these optics. In Lateral Shearing Interferometry (LSI ...
A Large-Size MEMS Scanning Mirror for Speckle Reduction
... Solid-state lasers can provide wider color gamut, longer lifetime, and higher brightness and contrast of images compared to light emitting diodes (LEDs), a popular light source for projection displays [1]. Laser display technology plays a significant role in our life, and can be applied in various f ...
... Solid-state lasers can provide wider color gamut, longer lifetime, and higher brightness and contrast of images compared to light emitting diodes (LEDs), a popular light source for projection displays [1]. Laser display technology plays a significant role in our life, and can be applied in various f ...
Sidelobe decline in single-photon 4Pi microscopy by Toraldo rings
... pupil filter that consists of seven annular zones. As shown in Fig. 4 the zones have no absorption, having each pair of neighboring zones opposite phases. The normalized radii for the zones are r1 ¼ 0:41; r2 ¼ 0:56; r3 ¼ 0:73; r4 ¼ 0:83; r5 ¼ 0:91; r6 ¼ 0:96 and r7 ¼ 1: Since the zones have no absor ...
... pupil filter that consists of seven annular zones. As shown in Fig. 4 the zones have no absorption, having each pair of neighboring zones opposite phases. The normalized radii for the zones are r1 ¼ 0:41; r2 ¼ 0:56; r3 ¼ 0:73; r4 ¼ 0:83; r5 ¼ 0:91; r6 ¼ 0:96 and r7 ¼ 1: Since the zones have no absor ...
Propagation and focusing of optical fields
... larger field strength. This longitudinal field qualitatively follows from the 180◦ phase difference and the polarization of the two corresponding field maxima in Fig. 3.2, since the superposition of two similarly polarized plane waves propagating at angles ±ϕ to the z axis with 180◦ phase difference ...
... larger field strength. This longitudinal field qualitatively follows from the 180◦ phase difference and the polarization of the two corresponding field maxima in Fig. 3.2, since the superposition of two similarly polarized plane waves propagating at angles ±ϕ to the z axis with 180◦ phase difference ...
Physics and Computation of Aero-Optics
... density gradient in the beam path causes steady wavefront distortions known as lensing effect. The magnitude of wavefront distortions OPDrms (its precise definition will be given later) is generally small in an absolute sense but can be a significant fraction of, or even exceed the optical wavelengt ...
... density gradient in the beam path causes steady wavefront distortions known as lensing effect. The magnitude of wavefront distortions OPDrms (its precise definition will be given later) is generally small in an absolute sense but can be a significant fraction of, or even exceed the optical wavelengt ...
Orbital angular momentum: origins
... even form complicated topological features like loops and knots as shown in Fig. 4 [33,34]. Despite all of these examples, however, prior to Allen et al. in 1992 [1], none of this early work on naturally occurring or engineered optical vortices recognized that such features could give rise to an ang ...
... even form complicated topological features like loops and knots as shown in Fig. 4 [33,34]. Despite all of these examples, however, prior to Allen et al. in 1992 [1], none of this early work on naturally occurring or engineered optical vortices recognized that such features could give rise to an ang ...
Impact of Nonlinear Transfer Function and Imperfect Splitting Ratio
... rather than OCDSR, dominates the system performance. Therefore, the optimal MI for maximum OCDSR (OMI-OCDSR) exand and is determined by the ists at the intersection of MZM ER. Fig. 10 plots the OMI-OCDSR and the corresponding maximum OCDSR versus the MZM ER. When the MZM ER is is always less than . ...
... rather than OCDSR, dominates the system performance. Therefore, the optimal MI for maximum OCDSR (OMI-OCDSR) exand and is determined by the ists at the intersection of MZM ER. Fig. 10 plots the OMI-OCDSR and the corresponding maximum OCDSR versus the MZM ER. When the MZM ER is is always less than . ...
Interferometry
Interferometry is a family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic, are superimposed in order to extract information about the waves. Interferometry is an important investigative technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, spectroscopy (and its applications to chemistry), quantum mechanics, nuclear and particle physics, plasma physics, remote sensing, biomolecular interactions, surface profiling, microfluidics, mechanical stress/strain measurement, and velocimetry.Interferometers are widely used in science and industry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes and surface irregularities. In analytical science, interferometers are used in continuous wave Fourier transform spectroscopy to analyze light containing features of absorption or emission associated with a substance or mixture. An astronomical interferometer consists of two or more separate telescopes that combine their signals, offering a resolution equivalent to that of a telescope of diameter equal to the largest separation between its individual elements.