El proceso de cambio de año de referencia e integración de las estadísticas económicas en Jamaica (STATIN, Jamaica)
... and is being reviewed - currently being used however subject to change with any amendments from the review team to revise the SITC end use classification to the National Accounts end use classification using ...
... and is being reviewed - currently being used however subject to change with any amendments from the review team to revise the SITC end use classification to the National Accounts end use classification using ...
Supplementary appendix
... 3. First, we incorporate intermediate inputs into the production function. Second, we consider the case in which one country operates the trading technologies of all countries. For each of these two extensions, we derive real GDP from the production side and from the expenditure side, and show the e ...
... 3. First, we incorporate intermediate inputs into the production function. Second, we consider the case in which one country operates the trading technologies of all countries. For each of these two extensions, we derive real GDP from the production side and from the expenditure side, and show the e ...
Aggregate Expenditure - Southeast Missouri State University
... in inventories production increase back to equilibrium level • If AE < real GDP Unplanned increase in inventories production decrease back to equilibrium level ...
... in inventories production increase back to equilibrium level • If AE < real GDP Unplanned increase in inventories production decrease back to equilibrium level ...
Structure of the government accounts
... The GFS recommends that each government payment should be classified according to its functional and economic characteristics. The budget reporting format complies with this recommendation. The items in the economic classification have been described above, under payments. The main function of the e ...
... The GFS recommends that each government payment should be classified according to its functional and economic characteristics. The budget reporting format complies with this recommendation. The items in the economic classification have been described above, under payments. The main function of the e ...
CFA Candidate Self
... D. causes wasted resources as individuals attempt to prevent the erosion of their income and wealth as a result of the inflation. 44. Aggregate demand is least likely to increase as a result of a(n): A. increase in real wealth. B. decrease in the real rate of interest. C. increase in the expected ra ...
... D. causes wasted resources as individuals attempt to prevent the erosion of their income and wealth as a result of the inflation. 44. Aggregate demand is least likely to increase as a result of a(n): A. increase in real wealth. B. decrease in the real rate of interest. C. increase in the expected ra ...
Structure of the government accounts
... ownership or when economic value is created, transformed or extinguished. For example, debt repayment should be recorded when the debt expires, whether or not this coincides with an actual cash repayment. The recommendation to use accrual accounting for government financial statements was first made ...
... ownership or when economic value is created, transformed or extinguished. For example, debt repayment should be recorded when the debt expires, whether or not this coincides with an actual cash repayment. The recommendation to use accrual accounting for government financial statements was first made ...
CHAP18
... If PK rises over time, then the legal definition understates the true cost and overstates profit, so firms could be taxed even if their true economic profit is zero. CHAPTER Investmentincome tax discourages investment. 18 Thus,18corporate ...
... If PK rises over time, then the legal definition understates the true cost and overstates profit, so firms could be taxed even if their true economic profit is zero. CHAPTER Investmentincome tax discourages investment. 18 Thus,18corporate ...
Background Notes and Methodology - National Income and Expenditure (PDF 47KB)
... based, not on exact information but on incomplete data collected from many sources. The estimates of different items are therefore of varying accuracy, but where exact statistics were not available it was possible in some cases to compare independent estimates from alternative sources and thus obtai ...
... based, not on exact information but on incomplete data collected from many sources. The estimates of different items are therefore of varying accuracy, but where exact statistics were not available it was possible in some cases to compare independent estimates from alternative sources and thus obtai ...
Aggregate Expenditure Model and the Multiplier
... • Firms can correct inventories issues by increasing or decreasing production. Which will eliminate unplanned inventories. So increase I Planned or Decrease I Planned to bring Inventories to equilibrium. ...
... • Firms can correct inventories issues by increasing or decreasing production. Which will eliminate unplanned inventories. So increase I Planned or Decrease I Planned to bring Inventories to equilibrium. ...
DI - The Econ Page
... If Yp – Y* = 5000, then government can close this output gap if they change government expenditure (G) by _______________ (note: it’s strongly recommended that you use the government expenditure multiplier to answer this question. Be sure to round your answer to the nearest whole number and you do n ...
... If Yp – Y* = 5000, then government can close this output gap if they change government expenditure (G) by _______________ (note: it’s strongly recommended that you use the government expenditure multiplier to answer this question. Be sure to round your answer to the nearest whole number and you do n ...
Macroeconomic Measurement
... 1. Resource functions: the natural environment provides natural resources that are inputs into human production processes. These include such things as mineral ores, crude petroleum, fish, and forests. Some of these resources, such as fish and forests, are renewable while others, such as minerals an ...
... 1. Resource functions: the natural environment provides natural resources that are inputs into human production processes. These include such things as mineral ores, crude petroleum, fish, and forests. Some of these resources, such as fish and forests, are renewable while others, such as minerals an ...
a study of business investment in the us post-crisis.
... predictions from actual data. However, the task of obtaining more accurate measures remains as a challenge for future studies. Nevertheless, these results have suggested a rather optimistic view of policy implication than by merely observing data. US business investment may recover more strongly if ...
... predictions from actual data. However, the task of obtaining more accurate measures remains as a challenge for future studies. Nevertheless, these results have suggested a rather optimistic view of policy implication than by merely observing data. US business investment may recover more strongly if ...
Chapter 12
... when a country exports more than it imports, it earns more income from exports than it spends on imports net foreign wealth is increasing ...
... when a country exports more than it imports, it earns more income from exports than it spends on imports net foreign wealth is increasing ...
Investment Demand This lecture focuses on the demand for the
... B. Anticipated tax changes 1. The previous calculations assume the tax rates are always in effect and that tax changes are UNANTICIPATED by firms. 2. Suppose firms ANTICIPATE that investment subsidies will decrease (increase) next period. This tax change will cause the price of capital goods (PK) t ...
... B. Anticipated tax changes 1. The previous calculations assume the tax rates are always in effect and that tax changes are UNANTICIPATED by firms. 2. Suppose firms ANTICIPATE that investment subsidies will decrease (increase) next period. This tax change will cause the price of capital goods (PK) t ...
The Final Consumption Expenditure of Households in Korea
... – Nominal value exists under the COICOP classification system – Add up nominal and real values by COICOP code to obtain the final consumption expenditure of households by purpose and by type ...
... – Nominal value exists under the COICOP classification system – Add up nominal and real values by COICOP code to obtain the final consumption expenditure of households by purpose and by type ...
Diapositive 1
... 5. Technical progress is biased as in increases income inequalities, either by reducing the wages of the unskilled labourers, either by increasing unemployment (i.e. By reducing their employability). ...
... 5. Technical progress is biased as in increases income inequalities, either by reducing the wages of the unskilled labourers, either by increasing unemployment (i.e. By reducing their employability). ...
1. The National Income Identity.
... You should be somewhat familiar with national income accounting in the closed economy context, from Econ 311. We will build on that to develop the basic accounting identities relevant to the open economy. ...
... You should be somewhat familiar with national income accounting in the closed economy context, from Econ 311. We will build on that to develop the basic accounting identities relevant to the open economy. ...
The profit cycle and economic recession
... You can measure constant capital in current costs or in historic costs 9 . And you can measure profit before or after tax. In my view, the simplest is the best. My graphic for the US economy follows a simple formula. S = net national product (that’s GDP less depreciation) less v (employee c ...
... You can measure constant capital in current costs or in historic costs 9 . And you can measure profit before or after tax. In my view, the simplest is the best. My graphic for the US economy follows a simple formula. S = net national product (that’s GDP less depreciation) less v (employee c ...
MODEL INVESTASI ISLAMI
... The numerator of Tobin’s q is the value of the economy’s capital as determined by the stock market. The denominator is the price of capital as if it were purchased today. Tobin conveyed that net investment should depend on whether q is greater or less than 1. If q >1, then firms can raise the value ...
... The numerator of Tobin’s q is the value of the economy’s capital as determined by the stock market. The denominator is the price of capital as if it were purchased today. Tobin conveyed that net investment should depend on whether q is greater or less than 1. If q >1, then firms can raise the value ...
T.W. Schultz Lecture Accounting for the Poor Robert M. Townsend
... either cash savings at home or deposits in a bank. This is, of course, a wise decision if the rate of return on a business is not all that great. It is worth noting that within Thailand, there is variation in ROA and the growth of net worth among provinces. In Buriram, one of the northeastern provin ...
... either cash savings at home or deposits in a bank. This is, of course, a wise decision if the rate of return on a business is not all that great. It is worth noting that within Thailand, there is variation in ROA and the growth of net worth among provinces. In Buriram, one of the northeastern provin ...
Residential Investment and Economic Growth
... economic policies that encourage education, inflows of foreign investment, lower population growth and so on. In this paper we re-examine that issue by incorporating households’ wealth accumulation into the framework. More specifically, we re-address the issue by decomposing aggregate fixed investme ...
... economic policies that encourage education, inflows of foreign investment, lower population growth and so on. In this paper we re-examine that issue by incorporating households’ wealth accumulation into the framework. More specifically, we re-address the issue by decomposing aggregate fixed investme ...
BEA Regional Personal Income
... ▪ Changes in definitions, in sources and methods, and in presentation Occur about every 5 years Provide opportunity to make accounts reflect the changing economy ...
... ▪ Changes in definitions, in sources and methods, and in presentation Occur about every 5 years Provide opportunity to make accounts reflect the changing economy ...
Principles of Economics, Case/Fair/Oster, 11e
... intermediate goods Goods that are produced by one firm for use in further processing by another firm. value added The difference between the value of goods as they leave a stage of production and the cost of the goods as they entered that stage. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... intermediate goods Goods that are produced by one firm for use in further processing by another firm. value added The difference between the value of goods as they leave a stage of production and the cost of the goods as they entered that stage. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Gross fixed capital formation
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) is a macroeconomic concept used in official national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA), National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) and the European System of Accounts (ESA). The concept dates back to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) studies of Simon Kuznets of capital formation in the 1930s, and standard measures for it were adopted in the 1950s. Statistically it measures the value of acquisitions of new or existing fixed assets by the business sector, governments and ""pure"" households (excluding their unincorporated enterprises) less disposals of fixed assets. GFCF is a component of the expenditure on gross domestic product (GDP), and thus shows something about how much of the new value added in the economy is invested rather than consumed.GFCF is called ""gross"" because the measure does not make any adjustments to deduct the consumption of fixed capital (depreciation of fixed assets) from the investment figures. For the analysis of the development of the productive capital stock, it is important to measure the value of the acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets beyond replacement for obsolescence of existing assets due to normal wear and tear. ""Net fixed investment"" includes the depreciation of existing assets from the figures for new fixed investment, and is called net fixed capital formation.GFCF is not a measure of total investment, because only the value of net additions to fixed assets is measured, and all kinds of financial assets are excluded, as well as stocks of inventories and other operating costs (the latter included in intermediate consumption). If, for example, one examines a company balance sheet, it is easy to see that fixed assets are only one component of the total annual capital outlay.The most important exclusion from GFCF is land sales and purchases. The original reason, leaving aside complex valuation problems involved in estimating the value of land in a standard way, was that if a piece of land is sold, the total amount of land already in existence, is not regarded as being increased thereby; all that happens is that the ownership of the same land changes. Therefore, only the value of land improvement is included in the GFCF measure as a net addition to wealth. In special cases, such as land reclamation from the sea, a river or a lake (e.g. a polder), new land can indeed be created and sold where it did not exist before, adding to fixed assets. The GFCF measure always applies to the resident enterprises of a national territory, and thus if e.g. oil exploration occurs in the open seas, the associated new fixed investment is allocated to the national territory in which the relevant enterprises are resident. Data is usually provided by statistical agencies annually and quarterly, but only within a certain time-lag. Fluctuations in this indicator are often considered to show something about future business activity, business confidence and the pattern of economic growth. In times of economic uncertainty or recession, typically business investment in fixed assets will be reduced, since it ties up additional capital for a longer interval of time, with a risk that it will not pay itself off (and fixed assets may therefore also be scrapped faster). Conversely, in times of robust economic growth, fixed investment will increase across the board, because the observed market expansion makes it likely that such investment will be profitable in the future.