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... Thompson put gas into a glass tube at a near-vacuum and put a charge through it, causing a beam of light. When an electromagnet was placed near the tube, the beam was deflected away from the negative and towards the positive. The results were the same for all gases he used, thus he proved that since ...
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Essentials of Particle Physics

... •Just as the equation x2=4 can have two possible solutions (x=2 OR x=-2), so Dirac's equation could have two solutions, one for an electron with positive energy, and one for an electron with negative energy. •Dirac interpreted this to mean that for every particle that exists there is a corresponding ...
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... measurement of the Earth’s local gravitational acceleration g on antihydrogen, with 1% relative precision [1]. •) Method for antihydrogen production: resonant charge - exchange reaction between antiprotons and positronium excited to Rydberg levels ( ~ n4). The positronium is generated in a target f ...
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... energies are typically not well-measured by particle detectors, an assumption that two of the jets come from a W boson decay can actually reduce the uncertainty on the jet energies and thus on the top quark mass. The world’s best measurement from CDF goes a step further and uses the hadronic W decay ...
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... energies are typically not well-measured by particle detectors, an assumption that two of the jets come from a W boson decay can actually reduce the uncertainty on the jet energies and thus on the top quark mass. The world’s best measurement from CDF goes a step further and uses the hadronic W decay ...
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Antimatter

In particle physics, antimatter is material composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but opposite charges, as well as other particle properties such as lepton and baryon numbers and quantum spin. Collisions between particles and antiparticles lead to the annihilation of both, giving rise to variable proportions of intense photons (gamma rays), neutrinos, and less massive particle–antiparticle pairs. The total consequence of annihilation is a release of energy available for work, proportional to the total matter and antimatter mass, in accord with the mass–energy equivalence equation, E = mc2.Antiparticles bind with each other to form antimatter, just as ordinary particles bind to form normal matter. For example, a positron (the antiparticle of the electron) and an antiproton (the antiparticle of the proton) can form an antihydrogen atom. Physical principles indicate that complex antimatter atomic nuclei are possible, as well as anti-atoms corresponding to the known chemical elements. Studies of cosmic rays have identified both positrons and antiprotons, presumably produced by collisions between particles of ordinary matter. Satellite-based searches of cosmic rays for antideuteron and antihelium particles have yielded nothing. There is considerable speculation as to why the observable universe is composed almost entirely of ordinary matter, as opposed to a more even mixture of matter and antimatter. This asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the visible universe is one of the great unsolved problems in physics. The process by which this inequality between particles and antiparticles developed is called baryogenesis.Antimatter in the form of anti-atoms is one of the most difficult materials to produce. Antimatter in the form of individual anti-particles, however, is commonly produced by particle accelerators and in some types of radioactive decay. The nuclei of antihelium (both helium-3 and helium-4) have been artificially produced with difficulty. These are the most complex anti-nuclei so far observed.
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