The impact of global freshwater forcing on the thermohaline circulation
... 2.2 Control simulation in the North Atlantic The major features of the control simulation CTRL are documented in Marti et al. (2005). The focus here is on the formation of deep water in the North Atlantic. Except in the region around 45N–50W, the climate is reproduced satisfactorily in most places ...
... 2.2 Control simulation in the North Atlantic The major features of the control simulation CTRL are documented in Marti et al. (2005). The focus here is on the formation of deep water in the North Atlantic. Except in the region around 45N–50W, the climate is reproduced satisfactorily in most places ...
Bjerknes Compensation and the Decadal Variability of the Energy
... This scenario has become known as Bjerknes compensation and could potentially provide insight into the processes by which the atmosphere and the oceans couple. However the relevance of Bjerknes compensation to the climate system crucially depends upon the assumptions that the TOA fluxes and the heat ...
... This scenario has become known as Bjerknes compensation and could potentially provide insight into the processes by which the atmosphere and the oceans couple. However the relevance of Bjerknes compensation to the climate system crucially depends upon the assumptions that the TOA fluxes and the heat ...
Chapter 13 Section 3 Life in the Ocean
... • The Oceanic Zone The oceanic zone includes the volume of water that covers the entire sea floor except for the continental shelf. • The deeper parts of the oceanic zone have colder water temperatures and much greater pressure than the neritic zone. • Organisms are more spread out in the oceanic zo ...
... • The Oceanic Zone The oceanic zone includes the volume of water that covers the entire sea floor except for the continental shelf. • The deeper parts of the oceanic zone have colder water temperatures and much greater pressure than the neritic zone. • Organisms are more spread out in the oceanic zo ...
Marine Debris
... swimming dispersed in the ocean the way the now famous animation has the debris travelling across the North Pacific, some washing first up on the shores of the Hawaiian Islands, then on the shores of the west coast of Canada and the US? Released by the International Pacific Research Center at the Un ...
... swimming dispersed in the ocean the way the now famous animation has the debris travelling across the North Pacific, some washing first up on the shores of the Hawaiian Islands, then on the shores of the west coast of Canada and the US? Released by the International Pacific Research Center at the Un ...
Conservation on the High Seas – drift algae habitat as an open
... 1960, Kingsford and Choat 1985). However, one genus of brown algae – Sargassum – has taken this role to the next step. In the Atlantic, two species of Sargassum, S. natans and S. fluitans, have become holopelagic – drifting continuously within the North Atlantic gyre system, never attaching to the s ...
... 1960, Kingsford and Choat 1985). However, one genus of brown algae – Sargassum – has taken this role to the next step. In the Atlantic, two species of Sargassum, S. natans and S. fluitans, have become holopelagic – drifting continuously within the North Atlantic gyre system, never attaching to the s ...
Effect of global ocean temperature change on deep ocean ventilation
... also be visible in the vertical structure of the geostrophic currents. Geostrophic current shears are balanced by acrossstream density gradients through the thermal wind relation. If an unchanging reference level exists (e.g., level of no motion), and if the flow above this level is moving in accord ...
... also be visible in the vertical structure of the geostrophic currents. Geostrophic current shears are balanced by acrossstream density gradients through the thermal wind relation. If an unchanging reference level exists (e.g., level of no motion), and if the flow above this level is moving in accord ...
Sound speed in the Mediterranean Sea
... contained in the MEDATLAS data set comes from the inclusion of about 80 000 XBTs, bringing the total number of temperature profiles from 120 000 to about 200 000. We have applied some small adjustments to the data set: in particular, some temperature values in the Adriatic appeared to be too high an ...
... contained in the MEDATLAS data set comes from the inclusion of about 80 000 XBTs, bringing the total number of temperature profiles from 120 000 to about 200 000. We have applied some small adjustments to the data set: in particular, some temperature values in the Adriatic appeared to be too high an ...
Bice, K. L., E. J. Barron, and W. H. Peterson,... Eocene paleobathymetry and ocean GCM sensitivity to specified basin
... modern oceanographic studies and numerical models of the present-day ocean. Current measurements in Drake Passage indicate that the speed of Antarctic circumpolar currents and the mass transport of deepwater out of the Weddell Sea are strongly influenced by the topography of local meridional seafloo ...
... modern oceanographic studies and numerical models of the present-day ocean. Current measurements in Drake Passage indicate that the speed of Antarctic circumpolar currents and the mass transport of deepwater out of the Weddell Sea are strongly influenced by the topography of local meridional seafloo ...
1 Central Arctic Ocean paleoceanography from ~50 ka to present, 1
... Krithe typically signifies cold well-ventilated deep water and perhaps low food supply (Poirier et al., 2012 and references therein). Krithe is also a dominant component (>30%) of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean. Its abundance varies during glacial-interglacial ...
... Krithe typically signifies cold well-ventilated deep water and perhaps low food supply (Poirier et al., 2012 and references therein). Krithe is also a dominant component (>30%) of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean. Its abundance varies during glacial-interglacial ...
Terrigenous Sediments - Lamont
... Petrography studies allow identification of major lithological components in the sand fraction, as well as potentially diagnostic minerals and/or rock types. This approach has been particularly useful for identifying sources of IRD in the ocean. For example, it was the first line of evidence used to ...
... Petrography studies allow identification of major lithological components in the sand fraction, as well as potentially diagnostic minerals and/or rock types. This approach has been particularly useful for identifying sources of IRD in the ocean. For example, it was the first line of evidence used to ...
Modeling of the Total Alkalinity and the Total Inorganic Carbon
... Aiming to understand and quantify the carbonate system in the Mediterranean Sea, several studies have been realized (e.g. [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]). However, the amount of high quality measurements of the carbonate system properties, particularly the total alkalinity (AT) and the total diss ...
... Aiming to understand and quantify the carbonate system in the Mediterranean Sea, several studies have been realized (e.g. [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]). However, the amount of high quality measurements of the carbonate system properties, particularly the total alkalinity (AT) and the total diss ...
The Gulf Stream and Atlantic sea-surface temperatures in
... (1.7%) for which it was unclear in which month they were taken. Most of the data are collected in spring and early summer (Table I). The concept of interannual variability must have been less well-known; the largest part of the data (ca. 65%) the year in which the measurement was taken is unknown. T ...
... (1.7%) for which it was unclear in which month they were taken. Most of the data are collected in spring and early summer (Table I). The concept of interannual variability must have been less well-known; the largest part of the data (ca. 65%) the year in which the measurement was taken is unknown. T ...
Variability and potential predictability
... Unfortunately, observational data are not long and good enough to say whether such decadal or longer time scale AMOC variability exists in nature. Recent observational studies based on instrumental and proxy data show distinct multi-decadal variability in SSTs with periods of about 50-80 years, p ...
... Unfortunately, observational data are not long and good enough to say whether such decadal or longer time scale AMOC variability exists in nature. Recent observational studies based on instrumental and proxy data show distinct multi-decadal variability in SSTs with periods of about 50-80 years, p ...
The Ocean Floor - NVHSEarthScienceOlsen
... Key Points • The three major regions of the ocean floor are the continental margins, the ocean basin floor and the mid-ocean ridges. • The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is called the continental shelf. • At the continental margin in the Pacific ...
... Key Points • The three major regions of the ocean floor are the continental margins, the ocean basin floor and the mid-ocean ridges. • The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is called the continental shelf. • At the continental margin in the Pacific ...
Ch13Pres - Leornian.org
... – With the development of reliable methods of navigation, oceangoing vessels provided access to all continents and commercially important trade routes were established. – Beginning with the Challenger Expedition of the 1870s, understanding of the ocean’s properties and processes rapidly grew during ...
... – With the development of reliable methods of navigation, oceangoing vessels provided access to all continents and commercially important trade routes were established. – Beginning with the Challenger Expedition of the 1870s, understanding of the ocean’s properties and processes rapidly grew during ...
Newfoundland and Labrador Shelf
... changed notably over the past several decades. Since the above average water temperatures of the 1950s and 1960s, and the below average water temperatures of the mid-1980s to mid1990s, the ocean continues to experience a significant warming trend – with a notable 61-year high in 2006. Sea ice extent ...
... changed notably over the past several decades. Since the above average water temperatures of the 1950s and 1960s, and the below average water temperatures of the mid-1980s to mid1990s, the ocean continues to experience a significant warming trend – with a notable 61-year high in 2006. Sea ice extent ...
- World Ocean Observatory
... Throughout time, people have created mythologies to explain the mysteries of ocean behavior. These myths combine imagination, poetry, and spiritual beliefs. Today, in many parts of the world, people continue to honor the oceans as places where spirit resides. The Deep: Realm of Imagination The ancie ...
... Throughout time, people have created mythologies to explain the mysteries of ocean behavior. These myths combine imagination, poetry, and spiritual beliefs. Today, in many parts of the world, people continue to honor the oceans as places where spirit resides. The Deep: Realm of Imagination The ancie ...
Decadal variability of the thermohaline circulation.
... stated above, the flow is driven by thermally dominated density gradients which are ultimately a result of the uneven heating of our planet by the sun. It would thus be natural to conclude that the thermohaline circulation is driven by the density gradients between low and high latitudes, and that i ...
... stated above, the flow is driven by thermally dominated density gradients which are ultimately a result of the uneven heating of our planet by the sun. It would thus be natural to conclude that the thermohaline circulation is driven by the density gradients between low and high latitudes, and that i ...
Ocean Zones Ch14 - Stephanie Dietterle Webpage
... break the ocean’s surface, forming islands. Other mountains, called seamounts, are completely underwater • Next you cross a broad area covered with thick layers of mud and silt. This smooth, nearly flat region of the ocean floor is called the abyssal plain. After gliding over the abyssal plain for m ...
... break the ocean’s surface, forming islands. Other mountains, called seamounts, are completely underwater • Next you cross a broad area covered with thick layers of mud and silt. This smooth, nearly flat region of the ocean floor is called the abyssal plain. After gliding over the abyssal plain for m ...
COLLIER, ROBERT W. Molybdenum in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
... why nitrogen fixers would be molybdenumlimited in this same chemical environment unless they have a substantially higher demand (minimum cell quota) or an inefficient uptake system. Further discussions of “limitation” are not yet warranted because there is essentially no quantitative information ava ...
... why nitrogen fixers would be molybdenumlimited in this same chemical environment unless they have a substantially higher demand (minimum cell quota) or an inefficient uptake system. Further discussions of “limitation” are not yet warranted because there is essentially no quantitative information ava ...
Simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period using two versions of
... is then removed from each cell in the direction of maximum slope, tracing a route back to the coast. For coastal grid cells that have more than one border adjacent to an ocean grid cell, runoff crosses the coastal grid cell on the same trajectory as in the adjacent inland grid cell. Glacial ice melt ...
... is then removed from each cell in the direction of maximum slope, tracing a route back to the coast. For coastal grid cells that have more than one border adjacent to an ocean grid cell, runoff crosses the coastal grid cell on the same trajectory as in the adjacent inland grid cell. Glacial ice melt ...
Trachurus trachurus
... The sampling of horse mackerel was conducted almost along its entire distribution area, in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. To carry out this task, 21 sampling sites (see figure 2) were selected from which at least a total of 200 specimens/per sampling site were caught (100, each year in tw ...
... The sampling of horse mackerel was conducted almost along its entire distribution area, in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. To carry out this task, 21 sampling sites (see figure 2) were selected from which at least a total of 200 specimens/per sampling site were caught (100, each year in tw ...
North Atlantic and Arctic Region, Working Group 2
... part of the North Atlantic is quite different in terms of the degree of acidification, which is higher in the North, and in terms of the organisms and ecosystems affected. The northern part of the North Atlantic is boarded to the west by Canada and the United States, while the eastern part is adjace ...
... part of the North Atlantic is quite different in terms of the degree of acidification, which is higher in the North, and in terms of the organisms and ecosystems affected. The northern part of the North Atlantic is boarded to the west by Canada and the United States, while the eastern part is adjace ...
A proposed biogeography of the deep ocean floor
... divisible into four main latitudinal climatic belts: (1) those corresponding to the distributional limits of tropical (low latitude) species; (2) the limits of northern and southern subtropical species; (3) the limits of low boreal and antiboreal species; and (4) the limits of most cold-water specie ...
... divisible into four main latitudinal climatic belts: (1) those corresponding to the distributional limits of tropical (low latitude) species; (2) the limits of northern and southern subtropical species; (3) the limits of low boreal and antiboreal species; and (4) the limits of most cold-water specie ...
Version 1
... The Arctic Ocean is divided into two major basins the Canadian Basin and the Eurasian Basin, by a submarine ridge, the Lomonosov Ridge (LOMR) rising approximately from 4000m to 1700m below the surface. It outcrops from Greenland, touches the North Pole and reaches all the way to the Siberian contine ...
... The Arctic Ocean is divided into two major basins the Canadian Basin and the Eurasian Basin, by a submarine ridge, the Lomonosov Ridge (LOMR) rising approximately from 4000m to 1700m below the surface. It outcrops from Greenland, touches the North Pole and reaches all the way to the Siberian contine ...
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceanic divisions, following the Pacific Ocean. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres (41,100,000 sq mi), it covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the ""Sea of Atlas"".The oldest known mention of ""Atlantic"" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: Sea of Atlas). The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic as late as the mid-19th century. Before Europeans discovered other oceans, their term ""ocean"" was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that are now known as the Atlantic. The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world.The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The equator subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.