Kogelnik and Li
... results which are of practical value. Historically, the subject of laser resonators had its origin when Dicke [11, Prokhorov [2], and Schawlow and Townes [3] independently proposed to use the FabryPerot interferometer as a laser resonator. The modes in such a structure, as determined by diffraction ...
... results which are of practical value. Historically, the subject of laser resonators had its origin when Dicke [11, Prokhorov [2], and Schawlow and Townes [3] independently proposed to use the FabryPerot interferometer as a laser resonator. The modes in such a structure, as determined by diffraction ...
CHAPTER 1 Wave Nature of Light
... “Physicists use the wave theory on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays and the particle theory on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.” Sir William Henry Bragg (July, 2, 1862-March, 10, 1942) The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915 ...
... “Physicists use the wave theory on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays and the particle theory on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.” Sir William Henry Bragg (July, 2, 1862-March, 10, 1942) The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915 ...
3.4-?m ZGP RISTRA nanosecond - AS
... In previously reported applications of the RISTRA cavity the OPO was injection seeded for single frequency oscillation, and it was pumped by the first or second harmonic of a single-frequency injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser that had a high-quality flat-topped spatial profile [15]. An important differ ...
... In previously reported applications of the RISTRA cavity the OPO was injection seeded for single frequency oscillation, and it was pumped by the first or second harmonic of a single-frequency injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser that had a high-quality flat-topped spatial profile [15]. An important differ ...
1 L5: Diffraction L5 DIFFRACTION Objectives Aims From this
... about 1679 and was modified much later into the form we now use by Augustin Fresnel (1788 1827). Huygens' construction is a method for locating the new position of a wave front. Starting from a known wavefront, we imagine each point on the wavefront to be a new source of secondary wavelets. The wave ...
... about 1679 and was modified much later into the form we now use by Augustin Fresnel (1788 1827). Huygens' construction is a method for locating the new position of a wave front. Starting from a known wavefront, we imagine each point on the wavefront to be a new source of secondary wavelets. The wave ...
Light beams with fractional orbital angular
... Here, Φ(x, y)beam is the phase profile of the superposition at the beam waist for z = 0 and Φ(x, Λ)grating is the phase profile of the blazed grating which depends on the period of the grating Λ. The two phase distributions are added modulo 2π and, after subtraction of π , multiplied by an intensity ...
... Here, Φ(x, y)beam is the phase profile of the superposition at the beam waist for z = 0 and Φ(x, Λ)grating is the phase profile of the blazed grating which depends on the period of the grating Λ. The two phase distributions are added modulo 2π and, after subtraction of π , multiplied by an intensity ...
Blooming Thermal- Laboratory Experiments Bernadette Johnson
... instabilities. These instabilities included PCI, which is caused by feedback of the adaptive optics system, and turbulence/thermal-blooming interaction (TTBI), in which small-scale blooming of turbulent scintillations leads to a scattering loss of energy from the beam. Figure 1 explains the mechanis ...
... instabilities. These instabilities included PCI, which is caused by feedback of the adaptive optics system, and turbulence/thermal-blooming interaction (TTBI), in which small-scale blooming of turbulent scintillations leads to a scattering loss of energy from the beam. Figure 1 explains the mechanis ...
Lenserf Reflection, Fresnel Reflection,
... The solid black arrows indicate the real-valued phase vectors or “k” vectors of the infinite plane waves that form the basis for the Fresnel analysis. These same black arrows may also, in real experiments, represent finite-width optical beams made up of superpositions of such infinite plane waves with ...
... The solid black arrows indicate the real-valued phase vectors or “k” vectors of the infinite plane waves that form the basis for the Fresnel analysis. These same black arrows may also, in real experiments, represent finite-width optical beams made up of superpositions of such infinite plane waves with ...
Light amplificated by stimulated emission of radiation
... Types of Laser Gain Media There are a variety of very different gain media; the most common of them are: Certain direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs, AlGaAs(aluminium Galium arsenide), or InGaAs(aluminium Galium arsenide), are typically pumped with electrical currents, these lasers are often ...
... Types of Laser Gain Media There are a variety of very different gain media; the most common of them are: Certain direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs, AlGaAs(aluminium Galium arsenide), or InGaAs(aluminium Galium arsenide), are typically pumped with electrical currents, these lasers are often ...
Propagation of obstructed Bessel and Bessel–Gauss
... Bessel beams (BBs) represent a class of so–called diffraction free solutions to the Helmholtz equation, and have been studied extensively since the seminal work of Durnin et al.1 in the late 1980s. One of the simplest solutions illustrated by Durnin2, describes a monochromatic wave with an electric ...
... Bessel beams (BBs) represent a class of so–called diffraction free solutions to the Helmholtz equation, and have been studied extensively since the seminal work of Durnin et al.1 in the late 1980s. One of the simplest solutions illustrated by Durnin2, describes a monochromatic wave with an electric ...
Absorption-induced trapping in an anisotropic
... minutes), it does not need to be run for the remainder of the experiment, although we find that running the getter at a lower current (3 A) results in the most dense traps. To produce the quadrupolar magnetic trapping field (which is effectively independent of the longitudinal z-position) in the tra ...
... minutes), it does not need to be run for the remainder of the experiment, although we find that running the getter at a lower current (3 A) results in the most dense traps. To produce the quadrupolar magnetic trapping field (which is effectively independent of the longitudinal z-position) in the tra ...
A Brief History of the Microscope and its Significance
... high temporal coherence. That term implies that there exists a definite phase relationship between the fields at a given point after a time delay of T. Usually practical lasers show this definite phase relationship for a fixed time, called the coherence time. Lasers usually have a single wavelength ...
... high temporal coherence. That term implies that there exists a definite phase relationship between the fields at a given point after a time delay of T. Usually practical lasers show this definite phase relationship for a fixed time, called the coherence time. Lasers usually have a single wavelength ...
Nanosecond laser-induced breakdown in pure and - AS
... impossible. As we will discuss in more detail later, shot-to-shot fluctuation in the peak power of a multimode laser are likely responsible for the often reported statistical nature of the damage threshold in fused silica. For most of our measurements, we used a single laser pulse to damage the sam ...
... impossible. As we will discuss in more detail later, shot-to-shot fluctuation in the peak power of a multimode laser are likely responsible for the often reported statistical nature of the damage threshold in fused silica. For most of our measurements, we used a single laser pulse to damage the sam ...
Helicity-dependent three-dimensional optical trapping of chiral
... Lw ¼ 1 are trapped only for small enough sizes. In contrast, our results show that all types of chiral particles can be selectively 3D trapped using an appropriate light field whatever their sizes. Results Chiral light field. Our proposal for helicity driven selective 3D optical trapping of transpar ...
... Lw ¼ 1 are trapped only for small enough sizes. In contrast, our results show that all types of chiral particles can be selectively 3D trapped using an appropriate light field whatever their sizes. Results Chiral light field. Our proposal for helicity driven selective 3D optical trapping of transpar ...
labs for the photon/photon2 experiment kit
... We can learn a lot about a light source by studying its spectrum. For example, the spectrum of the sun is composed of a complete “rainbow” crossed by dark lines due to absorption of certain wavelengths by the sun’s atmosphere. An excited gas at low pressure produces an emission spectrum, bright line ...
... We can learn a lot about a light source by studying its spectrum. For example, the spectrum of the sun is composed of a complete “rainbow” crossed by dark lines due to absorption of certain wavelengths by the sun’s atmosphere. An excited gas at low pressure produces an emission spectrum, bright line ...
863875
... plane. Various computational analytical tools are used to verify the presence of engineered geometry of vortices in these complex 3D vortex lattices. ...
... plane. Various computational analytical tools are used to verify the presence of engineered geometry of vortices in these complex 3D vortex lattices. ...
Design study of a Magneto-Optical Trap for laser cooling of rubidium
... isotopes have different nuclear spin, which leads to different hyperfine splittings, shown in figure 2.1. The first transitions from the ground state are called D1 and D2. The hyperfine splittings of these lines are exaggerated in the figure. The theory of optical cooling is evaluated from two level ...
... isotopes have different nuclear spin, which leads to different hyperfine splittings, shown in figure 2.1. The first transitions from the ground state are called D1 and D2. The hyperfine splittings of these lines are exaggerated in the figure. The theory of optical cooling is evaluated from two level ...
Holography
Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. Typically, a hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than of an image formed by a lens, and it is used to display a fully three-dimensional image of the holographed subject, which is seen without the aid of special glasses or other intermediate optics. The hologram itself is not an image and it is usually unintelligible when viewed under diffuse ambient light. It is an encoding of the light field as an interference pattern of seemingly random variations in the opacity, density, or surface profile of the photographic medium. When suitably lit, the interference pattern diffracts the light into a reproduction of the original light field and the objects that were in it appear to still be there, exhibiting visual depth cues such as parallax and perspective that change realistically with any change in the relative position of the observer.In its pure form, holography requires the use of laser light for illuminating the subject and for viewing the finished hologram. In a side-by-side comparison under optimal conditions, a holographic image is visually indistinguishable from the actual subject, if the hologram and the subject are lit just as they were at the time of recording. A microscopic level of detail throughout the recorded volume of space can be reproduced. In common practice, however, major image quality compromises are made to eliminate the need for laser illumination when viewing the hologram, and sometimes, to the extent possible, also when making it. Holographic portraiture often resorts to a non-holographic intermediate imaging procedure, to avoid the hazardous high-powered pulsed lasers otherwise needed to optically ""freeze"" living subjects as perfectly as the extremely motion-intolerant holographic recording process requires. Holograms can now also be entirely computer-generated and show objects or scenes that never existed.Holography should not be confused with lenticular and other earlier autostereoscopic 3D display technologies, which can produce superficially similar results but are based on conventional lens imaging. Stage illusions such as Pepper's Ghost and other unusual, baffling, or seemingly magical images are also often incorrectly called holograms.