Chapter 4 Optical Resonator
... 4 matrix. (a) Determine the 4 x 4 ray-transfer matrix of a distance d in free space. (b) Determine the 4 X 4 ray-transfer matrix of a thin cylindrical lens with focal length f oriented in the y direction. The cylindrical lens has focal length f for rays in the y-z plane, and no focusing power for ra ...
... 4 matrix. (a) Determine the 4 x 4 ray-transfer matrix of a distance d in free space. (b) Determine the 4 X 4 ray-transfer matrix of a thin cylindrical lens with focal length f oriented in the y direction. The cylindrical lens has focal length f for rays in the y-z plane, and no focusing power for ra ...
The Optics of the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
... and of two which do not appear to have been described previously. Of these, one is a method for obtaining a parallelogram arrangement, which was used by K. J. Habell, and the other is an accurate method for final adjustment based on the source-plane fringe pattern. ...
... and of two which do not appear to have been described previously. Of these, one is a method for obtaining a parallelogram arrangement, which was used by K. J. Habell, and the other is an accurate method for final adjustment based on the source-plane fringe pattern. ...
Chapter 4 Optical Resonator
... 2. Semiconductor lasers are often fabricated from crystals whose surfaces are cleaved along crystal planes. These surfaces act as reflectors and therefore serve as the resonator mirrors. Consider a crystal with refractive index n = 3.6 placed in air (n = 1). The light reflects between two parallel s ...
... 2. Semiconductor lasers are often fabricated from crystals whose surfaces are cleaved along crystal planes. These surfaces act as reflectors and therefore serve as the resonator mirrors. Consider a crystal with refractive index n = 3.6 placed in air (n = 1). The light reflects between two parallel s ...
to Thin Section Microscopy - Mineralogical Society of America
... magnification (MO) and ocular magnification (ML): M = MO * ML Example: A microscope equipped with an objective MO = 50 and an ocular ML = 10 has a final magnification of 50 x 10 = 500. In modern compound microscopes (with infinity-corrected optical systems) the magnification of the object is perform ...
... magnification (MO) and ocular magnification (ML): M = MO * ML Example: A microscope equipped with an objective MO = 50 and an ocular ML = 10 has a final magnification of 50 x 10 = 500. In modern compound microscopes (with infinity-corrected optical systems) the magnification of the object is perform ...
Fabrication of submicrometer 3D structures by one
... (a) Cross section through the middle of the photonic crystal microcavity. A defect is formed in the 2D photonic crystal by removing a single hole, thus forming an energy well for photons similar to that for electrons in a quantum wire structure. Photons are also localized vertically by TIR at the ai ...
... (a) Cross section through the middle of the photonic crystal microcavity. A defect is formed in the 2D photonic crystal by removing a single hole, thus forming an energy well for photons similar to that for electrons in a quantum wire structure. Photons are also localized vertically by TIR at the ai ...
Achromatic correction of diffractive dispersion in white light SLM
... dispersion effects must be taken into account. The refractive index is no longer constant at the given position, but becomes dependent on the wavelength λ due to the normal dispersion of the LC material. As will be shown later, the material LC dispersion is not significant in comparison with the dif ...
... dispersion effects must be taken into account. The refractive index is no longer constant at the given position, but becomes dependent on the wavelength λ due to the normal dispersion of the LC material. As will be shown later, the material LC dispersion is not significant in comparison with the dif ...
Generation of Repumping Light for Ultracold Strontium Experiments
... Until recently, these types of ultracold atom experiments have mainly utilized single-valence-electron atoms; lithium is a primary example. Experimentalists have lately broadened their toolboxes to include multi-valence electron atoms, such as strontium. By nature of having more complex electronic s ...
... Until recently, these types of ultracold atom experiments have mainly utilized single-valence-electron atoms; lithium is a primary example. Experimentalists have lately broadened their toolboxes to include multi-valence electron atoms, such as strontium. By nature of having more complex electronic s ...
Microscopy - PSSurvival.com
... microscopic. Recovery of the protein crystals requires imaging which can be done by the intrinsic fluorescence of the protein or by using transmission microscopy. Both methods require an ultraviolet microscope as protein absorbs light at 280 nm. Protein will also fluorescence at approximately 353 nm ...
... microscopic. Recovery of the protein crystals requires imaging which can be done by the intrinsic fluorescence of the protein or by using transmission microscopy. Both methods require an ultraviolet microscope as protein absorbs light at 280 nm. Protein will also fluorescence at approximately 353 nm ...
Partially coherent beam shaping and imaging
... order to make numerical calculations feasible, so-called modal approaches [46–51] are used extensively, especially to describe partial spatial coherence. Such modal approaches, in which the partially coherent field is represented as a superposition of fully coherent fields, lead to the evaluation of ...
... order to make numerical calculations feasible, so-called modal approaches [46–51] are used extensively, especially to describe partial spatial coherence. Such modal approaches, in which the partially coherent field is represented as a superposition of fully coherent fields, lead to the evaluation of ...
Bessel beams: diffraction in a new light
... where l is the azimuthal mode index of the LaguerreGaussian beam illuminating the axicon, while r, f and z denote cylindrical beam co-ordinates. The use of such beams has allowed the production of interesting nondiffracting patterns by making use of interfering Bessel beams [21, 39, 40]. They are als ...
... where l is the azimuthal mode index of the LaguerreGaussian beam illuminating the axicon, while r, f and z denote cylindrical beam co-ordinates. The use of such beams has allowed the production of interesting nondiffracting patterns by making use of interfering Bessel beams [21, 39, 40]. They are als ...
de Sénarmont Bias Retardation in DIC Microscopy Introduction
... where the optical path between the lower and upper quartz wedges is equal. For this reason, it is often difficult (or impossible) to adapt a Wollaston prism for use with standard microscope objectives, which often have a rear focal plane (that must physically coincide with the Wollaston prism interf ...
... where the optical path between the lower and upper quartz wedges is equal. For this reason, it is often difficult (or impossible) to adapt a Wollaston prism for use with standard microscope objectives, which often have a rear focal plane (that must physically coincide with the Wollaston prism interf ...
A Low Cost Optical Coherence Tomography Machine
... third-world countries because it is too expensive for the poorer nations of the world. The goal of this project is to vastly reduce the cost of this technology for glaucoma screening in poorer nations. This project aims to reduce the cost of this OCT machine to $4,000-$6,000 while designing the mach ...
... third-world countries because it is too expensive for the poorer nations of the world. The goal of this project is to vastly reduce the cost of this technology for glaucoma screening in poorer nations. This project aims to reduce the cost of this OCT machine to $4,000-$6,000 while designing the mach ...
Basic Interferometry and Optical Testing Two
... (If both gratings had sinusoidal intensity profiles, the resulting moiré would still not have a sinusoidal intensity profile because of higher-order terms.) More complicated gratings, such as circular gratings, can also be investigated. Figure 16.4b shows the superposition of two circular line grati ...
... (If both gratings had sinusoidal intensity profiles, the resulting moiré would still not have a sinusoidal intensity profile because of higher-order terms.) More complicated gratings, such as circular gratings, can also be investigated. Figure 16.4b shows the superposition of two circular line grati ...
(DPSS) Lasers - Society of Education
... with the absorption bands of rare earth ions. Normally the lasers will be cooled down, since this gives a longer lifetime for the laser diode. It is usual to specify the room temperature wavelength of the laser diode some 5 nm longer than the rare earth absorption feature that will be pumped. Simple ...
... with the absorption bands of rare earth ions. Normally the lasers will be cooled down, since this gives a longer lifetime for the laser diode. It is usual to specify the room temperature wavelength of the laser diode some 5 nm longer than the rare earth absorption feature that will be pumped. Simple ...
Holography
Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. Typically, a hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than of an image formed by a lens, and it is used to display a fully three-dimensional image of the holographed subject, which is seen without the aid of special glasses or other intermediate optics. The hologram itself is not an image and it is usually unintelligible when viewed under diffuse ambient light. It is an encoding of the light field as an interference pattern of seemingly random variations in the opacity, density, or surface profile of the photographic medium. When suitably lit, the interference pattern diffracts the light into a reproduction of the original light field and the objects that were in it appear to still be there, exhibiting visual depth cues such as parallax and perspective that change realistically with any change in the relative position of the observer.In its pure form, holography requires the use of laser light for illuminating the subject and for viewing the finished hologram. In a side-by-side comparison under optimal conditions, a holographic image is visually indistinguishable from the actual subject, if the hologram and the subject are lit just as they were at the time of recording. A microscopic level of detail throughout the recorded volume of space can be reproduced. In common practice, however, major image quality compromises are made to eliminate the need for laser illumination when viewing the hologram, and sometimes, to the extent possible, also when making it. Holographic portraiture often resorts to a non-holographic intermediate imaging procedure, to avoid the hazardous high-powered pulsed lasers otherwise needed to optically ""freeze"" living subjects as perfectly as the extremely motion-intolerant holographic recording process requires. Holograms can now also be entirely computer-generated and show objects or scenes that never existed.Holography should not be confused with lenticular and other earlier autostereoscopic 3D display technologies, which can produce superficially similar results but are based on conventional lens imaging. Stage illusions such as Pepper's Ghost and other unusual, baffling, or seemingly magical images are also often incorrectly called holograms.