Resolution enhancement techniques in microscopy
... Simple optical elements to enlarge the image of objects for an improved structural analysis have been around for thousands of years. Large blocks of glass have been found already in Mediterranean shipwrecks of the 14th century B.C. But for several millennia the technology of glass making and the nec ...
... Simple optical elements to enlarge the image of objects for an improved structural analysis have been around for thousands of years. Large blocks of glass have been found already in Mediterranean shipwrecks of the 14th century B.C. But for several millennia the technology of glass making and the nec ...
Sisay M THESIS - Addis Ababa University Institutional Repository
... to another as a result of random molecular motion [1, 2]. Diffusion also describes the spread of particles through random motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration [3, 4]. Diffusion can result from an external force field (forced diffusion) pressure gradients (pre ...
... to another as a result of random molecular motion [1, 2]. Diffusion also describes the spread of particles through random motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration [3, 4]. Diffusion can result from an external force field (forced diffusion) pressure gradients (pre ...
development and verification of the non
... Adaptive optics (AO) systems have become an essential part of ground-based telescopes and enable diffraction-limited imaging at near-IR and mid-IR wavelengths. For several key science applications the required wavefront quality is higher than what current systems can deliver. For instance obtaining ...
... Adaptive optics (AO) systems have become an essential part of ground-based telescopes and enable diffraction-limited imaging at near-IR and mid-IR wavelengths. For several key science applications the required wavefront quality is higher than what current systems can deliver. For instance obtaining ...
Increasing the Resolution of Far
... resolution can be achieved in a high voltage transmission electron microscope for specimens thinner than 0.1 µm. In contrast to electron microscopes which are still based on focusing, scanning probe microscopes have assumed a more radical approach by completely abandoning the idea of focusing. Scann ...
... resolution can be achieved in a high voltage transmission electron microscope for specimens thinner than 0.1 µm. In contrast to electron microscopes which are still based on focusing, scanning probe microscopes have assumed a more radical approach by completely abandoning the idea of focusing. Scann ...
The Optical Cavity
... In other words, what mirror separations L produce a stable mode in the cavity? ...
... In other words, what mirror separations L produce a stable mode in the cavity? ...
The Michelson Interferometer Wavelength Meter
... Wavelength Meters in Multiple Signal Environments The temporal frequency is obtained by multiplying by the speed of light in the medium The Fourier-transform operation on the interferogram allows the wavelength of the signals to be separated and measured individually – i.e. each of the input signal ...
... Wavelength Meters in Multiple Signal Environments The temporal frequency is obtained by multiplying by the speed of light in the medium The Fourier-transform operation on the interferogram allows the wavelength of the signals to be separated and measured individually – i.e. each of the input signal ...
Role of wavefront aberrations of amplified femtosecond pulses in
... SPIDER: Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric field Reconstruction SPM: Self Phase Modulation ...
... SPIDER: Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric field Reconstruction SPM: Self Phase Modulation ...
Enhanced 3D spatial resolution in quantitative phase
... coherence using a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer (QWLSI) [15]. We consider an approach which is valid not only within the paraxial approximation [10] but for any collection numerical aperture (NAcoll ) and illumination numerical aperture (NAill ). The approach is based on SII contrast lo ...
... coherence using a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer (QWLSI) [15]. We consider an approach which is valid not only within the paraxial approximation [10] but for any collection numerical aperture (NAcoll ) and illumination numerical aperture (NAill ). The approach is based on SII contrast lo ...
Gaussian Beam Propagation
... which is sometimes called the reduced wave equation. The paraxial approximation consists of assuming that the variation along the direction of propagation of the amplitude u (due to diffraction) will be small over a distance comparable to a wavelength, and that the axial variation will be small comp ...
... which is sometimes called the reduced wave equation. The paraxial approximation consists of assuming that the variation along the direction of propagation of the amplitude u (due to diffraction) will be small over a distance comparable to a wavelength, and that the axial variation will be small comp ...
Coatings - CVI Laser Optics
... with different optical properties (most notably refractive index), part of the light is reflected and part of the light is transmitted. The intensity ratio of the reflected and transmitted light is primarily a function of the change in refractive index between the two media, and the angle of inciden ...
... with different optical properties (most notably refractive index), part of the light is reflected and part of the light is transmitted. The intensity ratio of the reflected and transmitted light is primarily a function of the change in refractive index between the two media, and the angle of inciden ...
Diffraction - ICT for IST
... Diffraction of a circular wave on an obstacle The table cells contain the names of files, available on your CD, which illustrate the diffraction of a circular wave on an obstacle of different width. E.g. “soundwaterlight- en.jar” or “diffraction_Fresnel_obstacle_slit.zip” are simulation files, avail ...
... Diffraction of a circular wave on an obstacle The table cells contain the names of files, available on your CD, which illustrate the diffraction of a circular wave on an obstacle of different width. E.g. “soundwaterlight- en.jar” or “diffraction_Fresnel_obstacle_slit.zip” are simulation files, avail ...
The Graduate School Eberly College of Science
... emission line at 1342 nm. This wavelength is double the 671 nm needed for our experiments. As a part of this investigation, we also measured the Verdet constant of undoped Y3 Al5 O12 in the near infrared for constructing a Faraday rotator used to drive unidirectional operation of our ring laser. As ...
... emission line at 1342 nm. This wavelength is double the 671 nm needed for our experiments. As a part of this investigation, we also measured the Verdet constant of undoped Y3 Al5 O12 in the near infrared for constructing a Faraday rotator used to drive unidirectional operation of our ring laser. As ...
Development of a process for characterization of Nd:YAG crystals
... of laser beam characteristics from a single cavity laser and to establish a preliminary guideline that would determine which crystals were acceptable for use in production of laser devices. These objectives were achieved by developing the experimental procedures and by statistical analysis of the da ...
... of laser beam characteristics from a single cavity laser and to establish a preliminary guideline that would determine which crystals were acceptable for use in production of laser devices. These objectives were achieved by developing the experimental procedures and by statistical analysis of the da ...
Pulse splitting by modulating the thickness of buffer layer of two
... SHOEs with stacks of multiple volume gratings instead of thin gratings are commonly called stratified volume holographic optical elements (SVHOEs) or multilayer volume holographic gratings (MVHGs), which operate within the Bragg diffraction regime. Analysis of MVHG is based on the coupled-wave theor ...
... SHOEs with stacks of multiple volume gratings instead of thin gratings are commonly called stratified volume holographic optical elements (SVHOEs) or multilayer volume holographic gratings (MVHGs), which operate within the Bragg diffraction regime. Analysis of MVHG is based on the coupled-wave theor ...
Chapter 4 Optical Resonator
... 4 matrix. (a) Determine the 4 x 4 ray-transfer matrix of a distance d in free space. (b) Determine the 4 X 4 ray-transfer matrix of a thin cylindrical lens with focal length f oriented in the y direction. The cylindrical lens has focal length f for rays in the y-z plane, and no focusing power for ra ...
... 4 matrix. (a) Determine the 4 x 4 ray-transfer matrix of a distance d in free space. (b) Determine the 4 X 4 ray-transfer matrix of a thin cylindrical lens with focal length f oriented in the y direction. The cylindrical lens has focal length f for rays in the y-z plane, and no focusing power for ra ...
Holography
Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. Typically, a hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than of an image formed by a lens, and it is used to display a fully three-dimensional image of the holographed subject, which is seen without the aid of special glasses or other intermediate optics. The hologram itself is not an image and it is usually unintelligible when viewed under diffuse ambient light. It is an encoding of the light field as an interference pattern of seemingly random variations in the opacity, density, or surface profile of the photographic medium. When suitably lit, the interference pattern diffracts the light into a reproduction of the original light field and the objects that were in it appear to still be there, exhibiting visual depth cues such as parallax and perspective that change realistically with any change in the relative position of the observer.In its pure form, holography requires the use of laser light for illuminating the subject and for viewing the finished hologram. In a side-by-side comparison under optimal conditions, a holographic image is visually indistinguishable from the actual subject, if the hologram and the subject are lit just as they were at the time of recording. A microscopic level of detail throughout the recorded volume of space can be reproduced. In common practice, however, major image quality compromises are made to eliminate the need for laser illumination when viewing the hologram, and sometimes, to the extent possible, also when making it. Holographic portraiture often resorts to a non-holographic intermediate imaging procedure, to avoid the hazardous high-powered pulsed lasers otherwise needed to optically ""freeze"" living subjects as perfectly as the extremely motion-intolerant holographic recording process requires. Holograms can now also be entirely computer-generated and show objects or scenes that never existed.Holography should not be confused with lenticular and other earlier autostereoscopic 3D display technologies, which can produce superficially similar results but are based on conventional lens imaging. Stage illusions such as Pepper's Ghost and other unusual, baffling, or seemingly magical images are also often incorrectly called holograms.