Nomination form for ecological communities
... Generation length: is the average age of parents to the current newborn individuals in the population. Generation length reflects the turnover rate of breeding individuals in a population. It is greater than the age at first breeding and less than the age of the oldest breeding individual, except in ...
... Generation length: is the average age of parents to the current newborn individuals in the population. Generation length reflects the turnover rate of breeding individuals in a population. It is greater than the age at first breeding and less than the age of the oldest breeding individual, except in ...
Efferent modulation of hair cell function
... selective attention to visual stimuli [10]. The investigators found a decrease of cochlear sensitivity during the period of attention to visual stimuli but not when attending to an auditory task, demonstrating that the decrease is related to selective attention to visual stimuli rather than to arous ...
... selective attention to visual stimuli [10]. The investigators found a decrease of cochlear sensitivity during the period of attention to visual stimuli but not when attending to an auditory task, demonstrating that the decrease is related to selective attention to visual stimuli rather than to arous ...
Damage risk with impulse noise exposure
... TTS (EqTTS weighting). In addition, the analysis was performed without assuming any trade-off function between the number of impulses and exposure level, such as the 3 and 5 dB trade-offs mentioned above in the paragraph on TTS-bases studies. The number factor was included in terms of 10log(N), to b ...
... TTS (EqTTS weighting). In addition, the analysis was performed without assuming any trade-off function between the number of impulses and exposure level, such as the 3 and 5 dB trade-offs mentioned above in the paragraph on TTS-bases studies. The number factor was included in terms of 10log(N), to b ...
Habitat Structure - MSC Program Improvements
... Habitat is the chemical and bio-physical area where an organism lives, which may include attached flora or fauna such as (but not limited to) corals or seagrasses and other attached non-target species. Habitat structure is the arrangement of physical structures that support plant and animal comm ...
... Habitat is the chemical and bio-physical area where an organism lives, which may include attached flora or fauna such as (but not limited to) corals or seagrasses and other attached non-target species. Habitat structure is the arrangement of physical structures that support plant and animal comm ...
Short seeddispersal distances and low seedling recruitment in
... 1. In Central Europe, many plant populations are patchily distributed in human-modified landscapes and depend on animal vectors for seed dispersal. To predict seed-dispersal distances and locations of seeds of wild cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) in forest and farmland habitats in a human-modified land ...
... 1. In Central Europe, many plant populations are patchily distributed in human-modified landscapes and depend on animal vectors for seed dispersal. To predict seed-dispersal distances and locations of seeds of wild cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) in forest and farmland habitats in a human-modified land ...
Fates beyond traits - Redpath Museum
... As mentioned, most studies of contemporary trait change in the wild do not distinguish between heritable trait change and phenotypic plasticity. Anthropogenic contexts that favor changes in selective conditions are also likely to involve changes to environmental conditions that could directly influe ...
... As mentioned, most studies of contemporary trait change in the wild do not distinguish between heritable trait change and phenotypic plasticity. Anthropogenic contexts that favor changes in selective conditions are also likely to involve changes to environmental conditions that could directly influe ...
Ecological Succession
... • SECONDARY SUCCESSION begins in habitats where communities were entirely or partially destroyed by some kind of damaging event. • When an existing community has been cleared by a disturbance such as a fire, tornado, etc...and the soil remains intact, the area begins to return to its natural communi ...
... • SECONDARY SUCCESSION begins in habitats where communities were entirely or partially destroyed by some kind of damaging event. • When an existing community has been cleared by a disturbance such as a fire, tornado, etc...and the soil remains intact, the area begins to return to its natural communi ...
Noise Monitoring - 241k
... 1. Turn the calibrator on (Any Noise level will do). 2. Leave microphone in the calibrator What is the Noise level? It should be within 1 dBA of Noise level indicated on the calibrator. 3. With the calibrator on, slowly remove the microphone. What happens to the Noise level? It should drift down. Th ...
... 1. Turn the calibrator on (Any Noise level will do). 2. Leave microphone in the calibrator What is the Noise level? It should be within 1 dBA of Noise level indicated on the calibrator. 3. With the calibrator on, slowly remove the microphone. What happens to the Noise level? It should drift down. Th ...
Historical and ecological dimensions of global patterns
... species diversity, particularly the increase in diversity towards the equator, were explained by the greater age and more stable environment of the tropics or by a combination of age and area. Ecologists later envisioned competitive and consumer-resource interactions among populations as regulating ...
... species diversity, particularly the increase in diversity towards the equator, were explained by the greater age and more stable environment of the tropics or by a combination of age and area. Ecologists later envisioned competitive and consumer-resource interactions among populations as regulating ...
Effects of small-scale disturbance on invasion success in marine
... Introductions of non-indigenous species have resulted in many ecological problems including the reduction of biodiversity, decline of commercially important species and alteration of ecosystems. The link between disturbance and invasion potential has rarely been studied in the marine environment whe ...
... Introductions of non-indigenous species have resulted in many ecological problems including the reduction of biodiversity, decline of commercially important species and alteration of ecosystems. The link between disturbance and invasion potential has rarely been studied in the marine environment whe ...
Habitat selection as a major resource partitioning mechanism
... dley 0882^ Kalko 0884^ Arita 0886#\ but they both represent indirect approaches since they consider the attributes through which organisms acquire resources rather than resource acquisition per se "i[e[ they use mere characters\ and infer mechanisms from patterns^ Wiens 0878#[ For instance\ a spacin ...
... dley 0882^ Kalko 0884^ Arita 0886#\ but they both represent indirect approaches since they consider the attributes through which organisms acquire resources rather than resource acquisition per se "i[e[ they use mere characters\ and infer mechanisms from patterns^ Wiens 0878#[ For instance\ a spacin ...
Unveiling a mechanism for species decline in fragmented habitats
... radius rv). However, for quantitative estimations in a concrete situation, it would be important to have an idea of a minimum possible size for a fragment in that particular case. All these assumptions reflect our goal with this study: we want to understand the ‘macroscopic’ or average effects of fr ...
... radius rv). However, for quantitative estimations in a concrete situation, it would be important to have an idea of a minimum possible size for a fragment in that particular case. All these assumptions reflect our goal with this study: we want to understand the ‘macroscopic’ or average effects of fr ...
Trait- and Density-Mediated Indirect Interactions Initiated by an
... in the Missoula valley in May to serve as host plants. Similarly sized plants that had not initiated bolting were selected and placed in 1-gal pots with a 50 : 50 sand and potting soil mix in the bottom third of the pot to facilitate drainage. The remainder of each pot was filled with soil from the ...
... in the Missoula valley in May to serve as host plants. Similarly sized plants that had not initiated bolting were selected and placed in 1-gal pots with a 50 : 50 sand and potting soil mix in the bottom third of the pot to facilitate drainage. The remainder of each pot was filled with soil from the ...
Multiple prey traits, multiple predators: keys to understanding
... Received 26 September 2002; accepted 20 November 2002 ...
... Received 26 September 2002; accepted 20 November 2002 ...
Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity
... considerably depending on what is perceived as a habitat by the species group studied. Structural attributes of the vegetation that constitute habitat heterogeneity for one group may be perceived as habitat fragmentation by another taxonomic group (e.g. Okland, 1996). Here we present a selected lite ...
... considerably depending on what is perceived as a habitat by the species group studied. Structural attributes of the vegetation that constitute habitat heterogeneity for one group may be perceived as habitat fragmentation by another taxonomic group (e.g. Okland, 1996). Here we present a selected lite ...
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2013
... 3. Explain how genes and the environment contribute to behavior. Explain what is unique about innate behavior. 4. Define fixed action patterns and give examples in fish and humans. 5. Explain how mayflies are threatened by an inappropriate response to an environmental stimulus. 6. Describe the evolu ...
... 3. Explain how genes and the environment contribute to behavior. Explain what is unique about innate behavior. 4. Define fixed action patterns and give examples in fish and humans. 5. Explain how mayflies are threatened by an inappropriate response to an environmental stimulus. 6. Describe the evolu ...
3.6 WILDLIFE
... White-tailed deer, mule deer, and pronghorn are the principal big game animals that occur along the proposed Project route. White-tailed deer and mule deer are highly adaptable and inhabit a variety of habitats, including cropland, grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands. White-tailed deer may also be ...
... White-tailed deer, mule deer, and pronghorn are the principal big game animals that occur along the proposed Project route. White-tailed deer and mule deer are highly adaptable and inhabit a variety of habitats, including cropland, grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands. White-tailed deer may also be ...
Australia ) in Varanus gouldii mosaic burning and varanid lizards
... is still the major source of fire ignition: fires are much larger, farther apart and more habitat is burnt [27,28]. Because Martu burn when they hunt small prey, hunting intensity is correlated with the number and size of fires on the landscape, leading to a finer-grained mosaic of patches in differ ...
... is still the major source of fire ignition: fires are much larger, farther apart and more habitat is burnt [27,28]. Because Martu burn when they hunt small prey, hunting intensity is correlated with the number and size of fires on the landscape, leading to a finer-grained mosaic of patches in differ ...
Insect Ecology
... Two phenomena: •If individuals are too numerous, the population will decrease outbreak •If individuals are too few, the female and male adults cannot find each other (utilized in plant protection quarantine) Many species need a continuous contact with their companions „group effect” e. g.: social in ...
... Two phenomena: •If individuals are too numerous, the population will decrease outbreak •If individuals are too few, the female and male adults cannot find each other (utilized in plant protection quarantine) Many species need a continuous contact with their companions „group effect” e. g.: social in ...
Reversible Long-Term changes in Auditory Processing in
... sensitivity at the lateral lemniscus/inferior colliculus, the sites of the generators of cat ABR wave 4, there could be no loss at more peripheral stations. Also, although the average responses of auditory cortical neurons were very much affected by the exposure, as described later in the article, t ...
... sensitivity at the lateral lemniscus/inferior colliculus, the sites of the generators of cat ABR wave 4, there could be no loss at more peripheral stations. Also, although the average responses of auditory cortical neurons were very much affected by the exposure, as described later in the article, t ...
Hearing Conservation Program Training
... Test Procedures – The audiometric testing procedure tests the employees hearing threshold at a range of different frequencies. – The hearing threshold is the lowest level at which the employee is able to detect the test tone at each frequency and is determined by employee response. – Tests are perfo ...
... Test Procedures – The audiometric testing procedure tests the employees hearing threshold at a range of different frequencies. – The hearing threshold is the lowest level at which the employee is able to detect the test tone at each frequency and is determined by employee response. – Tests are perfo ...
Indirect Effects in - Department of Knowledge Technologies
... Indirect Effects in Terrestrial Environment In the end of nineteenth century the school of thought founded by Dokuchaiev had developed a theory that soil was a product of complex interactions between climate and geological and biological components of the terrestrial landscape. Indirect effects in ...
... Indirect Effects in Terrestrial Environment In the end of nineteenth century the school of thought founded by Dokuchaiev had developed a theory that soil was a product of complex interactions between climate and geological and biological components of the terrestrial landscape. Indirect effects in ...
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator
... marine top predators that can initiate trophic cascades. Predicting the wider ecological consequences of these declines requires understanding how predators influence communities by inflicting mortality on prey and inducing behavioral modifications (risk effects). Both mechanisms are important in ma ...
... marine top predators that can initiate trophic cascades. Predicting the wider ecological consequences of these declines requires understanding how predators influence communities by inflicting mortality on prey and inducing behavioral modifications (risk effects). Both mechanisms are important in ma ...
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines
... marine top predators that can initiate trophic cascades. Predicting the wider ecological consequences of these declines requires understanding how predators influence communities by inflicting mortality on prey and inducing behavioral modifications (risk effects). Both mechanisms are important in ma ...
... marine top predators that can initiate trophic cascades. Predicting the wider ecological consequences of these declines requires understanding how predators influence communities by inflicting mortality on prey and inducing behavioral modifications (risk effects). Both mechanisms are important in ma ...
Using Stream Leaf Packs to Explore Community Assembly
... the ability to travel to a new habitat (e.g., direct organism movement, water, wind). Is it likely that there are barriers to migration or dispersal that prevent the organisms of interest from being present at a given location? (e.g., dams). There may also be corridors between habitats that will fac ...
... the ability to travel to a new habitat (e.g., direct organism movement, water, wind). Is it likely that there are barriers to migration or dispersal that prevent the organisms of interest from being present at a given location? (e.g., dams). There may also be corridors between habitats that will fac ...
Soundscape ecology
Soundscape ecology is the study of sound within a landscape and its effect on organisms. Sounds may be generated by organisms (biophony), by the physical environment (geophony), or by humans (anthrophony). Soundscape ecologists seek to understand how these different sound sources interact across spatial scales and through time. Variation in soundscapes may have wide-ranging ecological effects as organisms often obtain information from environmental sounds. Soundscape ecologists use recording devices, audio tools, and elements of traditional ecological analyses to study soundscape structure. Increasingly, anthrophony, sometimes referred to in older, more archaic terminology as anthropogenic noise dominates soundscapes, and this type of noise pollution or disturbance has a negative impact on a wide range of organisms. The preservation of natural soundscapes is now a recognized conservation goal.