Perennial habitat fragments, parasitoid diversity and
... growers listed in the California Certified Organic Farming membership directory for the Monterey Bay region, and met the following criteria: willingness of growers to participate, fields included cole crops or lettuce, and sites were separated by at least 1 km. Crop fields had vegetable rotations (i ...
... growers listed in the California Certified Organic Farming membership directory for the Monterey Bay region, and met the following criteria: willingness of growers to participate, fields included cole crops or lettuce, and sites were separated by at least 1 km. Crop fields had vegetable rotations (i ...
When are alternative stable states more likely to occur?
... tend to be more similar to each other than expected by chance alone’’ (drawn from p. 410 of Didham et al. 2005), and (ii) that ‘‘these species will be more likely to resist displacement by newly-arriving propagules that share very similar traits’’ (drawn from p. 411), resulting in alternative stable ...
... tend to be more similar to each other than expected by chance alone’’ (drawn from p. 410 of Didham et al. 2005), and (ii) that ‘‘these species will be more likely to resist displacement by newly-arriving propagules that share very similar traits’’ (drawn from p. 411), resulting in alternative stable ...
Definitions, Categories and Criteria for Threatened and Priority
... A naturally occurring biological assemblage that occurs in a particular type of habitat. Note: The scale at which ecological communities are defined will often depend on the level of detail in the information source, therefore no particular scale is specified. A threatened ecological community (TEC) ...
... A naturally occurring biological assemblage that occurs in a particular type of habitat. Note: The scale at which ecological communities are defined will often depend on the level of detail in the information source, therefore no particular scale is specified. A threatened ecological community (TEC) ...
Learning Outcomes for Ecology Concepts and Applications 6e
... 2. Explain the clumped distributions of trees along moisture gradients in terms of niches (concept 9.1). Investigating the Evidence 9: Clumped, Random, and Regular Distributions 1. Describe how the relative values of mean density and variance in density correspond to random, regular, and clumped dis ...
... 2. Explain the clumped distributions of trees along moisture gradients in terms of niches (concept 9.1). Investigating the Evidence 9: Clumped, Random, and Regular Distributions 1. Describe how the relative values of mean density and variance in density correspond to random, regular, and clumped dis ...
On the evolutionary ecology of species` ranges - People
... can be gained from considering models for the evolution of dispersal and habitat specialization (or generalization) in simple landscapes. Most ranges span large spatial scales, relative to the spatial domain of individual mobility. It is unlikely that dispersal over short timescales links all the fa ...
... can be gained from considering models for the evolution of dispersal and habitat specialization (or generalization) in simple landscapes. Most ranges span large spatial scales, relative to the spatial domain of individual mobility. It is unlikely that dispersal over short timescales links all the fa ...
DIVERSITY OF A NORTHERN ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY
... settling at the time the crevices were created and are known to be attracted by adult barnacle extracts (e.g., Miron et al. (1996) and references therein). Stage-II mimics were created by removing all mussels in the bottom of crevices by scraping and by removing all organisms associated with both ba ...
... settling at the time the crevices were created and are known to be attracted by adult barnacle extracts (e.g., Miron et al. (1996) and references therein). Stage-II mimics were created by removing all mussels in the bottom of crevices by scraping and by removing all organisms associated with both ba ...
351 - Biologylocker
... An example of mutualism is lichens. Lichens are fungi and algae that live together. The fungi give the algae a place to live and the algae give the fungi food because it does photosynthesis (which as you know is a process that makes sugar). Neither organism can live without the other. 4. Commensali ...
... An example of mutualism is lichens. Lichens are fungi and algae that live together. The fungi give the algae a place to live and the algae give the fungi food because it does photosynthesis (which as you know is a process that makes sugar). Neither organism can live without the other. 4. Commensali ...
Non-consumptive effects of a top-predator decrease the strength of
... of the trophic cascade induced by mesopredators through the consumption of herbivores decreased in the presence of top-predator cues. Specifically, primary production was higher in mesocosms where mesopredators were present relative to mesocosms with herbivores only, and this difference was reduced ...
... of the trophic cascade induced by mesopredators through the consumption of herbivores decreased in the presence of top-predator cues. Specifically, primary production was higher in mesocosms where mesopredators were present relative to mesocosms with herbivores only, and this difference was reduced ...
Ecological drivers of the Ediacaran
... environment. Within the literature on ecosystem engineering there has long been a debate over whether a process- or outcome-based approach is more appropriate, with most favoring a process-based approach. For example, Jones (Jones et al. 1994) distinguished between autogenic and allogenic engineers, ...
... environment. Within the literature on ecosystem engineering there has long been a debate over whether a process- or outcome-based approach is more appropriate, with most favoring a process-based approach. For example, Jones (Jones et al. 1994) distinguished between autogenic and allogenic engineers, ...
Reinforcing loose foundation stones in trait‑based plant ecology
... designed to answer research questions pertaining to different and distinct phenomena, making it difficult to integrate our understanding of ecology across organizational scales. Despite such conceptual challenges, there are obvious links between these subdisciplines. Differences in morphology, chemi ...
... designed to answer research questions pertaining to different and distinct phenomena, making it difficult to integrate our understanding of ecology across organizational scales. Despite such conceptual challenges, there are obvious links between these subdisciplines. Differences in morphology, chemi ...
Reinforcing loose foundation stones in trait
... designed to answer research questions pertaining to different and distinct phenomena, making it difficult to integrate our understanding of ecology across organizational scales. Despite such conceptual challenges, there are obvious links between these subdisciplines. Differences in morphology, chemi ...
... designed to answer research questions pertaining to different and distinct phenomena, making it difficult to integrate our understanding of ecology across organizational scales. Despite such conceptual challenges, there are obvious links between these subdisciplines. Differences in morphology, chemi ...
A new method for restoration of sensorineural hearing loss
... behavioral hearing test (i.e., pure-tone audiometry) three times for each sample and adopted the average value as a hearing threshold of the corresponding sample. As a result, 63 hearing thresholds (i.e., 7 frequency regions × 9 patients) were obtained in every session. To examine overall changes in ...
... behavioral hearing test (i.e., pure-tone audiometry) three times for each sample and adopted the average value as a hearing threshold of the corresponding sample. As a result, 63 hearing thresholds (i.e., 7 frequency regions × 9 patients) were obtained in every session. To examine overall changes in ...
Noise Induced Hearing Loss: The Impact of Acoustic
... Excessive noise in public areas has been called noise pollution, and it is considered an environmental problem along with other forms of pollution, such as smog or water pollution. In fact, noise pollution affects the largest number of people worldwide,according to the World Health Organization (WHO ...
... Excessive noise in public areas has been called noise pollution, and it is considered an environmental problem along with other forms of pollution, such as smog or water pollution. In fact, noise pollution affects the largest number of people worldwide,according to the World Health Organization (WHO ...
Hearing Conservation Program - Wisconsin Department of
... testing available to all employees whose exposures equal or exceed an 8-hour timeweighted average of 85 decibels. The program shall be provided at no cost to employees. Audiometric tests shall be performed by a licensed or certified audiologist, otolaryngologist, or other physician, or by a technici ...
... testing available to all employees whose exposures equal or exceed an 8-hour timeweighted average of 85 decibels. The program shall be provided at no cost to employees. Audiometric tests shall be performed by a licensed or certified audiologist, otolaryngologist, or other physician, or by a technici ...
Hearing loss - World Health Organization
... halted by avoiding further exposure to loud sounds (19). Current treatment methods for noise-induced hearing loss focus on people in severely noisy environments such as the military. Approaches such as placement in a quiet room or hyperbaric oxygen therapy immediately following exposure to the loud ...
... halted by avoiding further exposure to loud sounds (19). Current treatment methods for noise-induced hearing loss focus on people in severely noisy environments such as the military. Approaches such as placement in a quiet room or hyperbaric oxygen therapy immediately following exposure to the loud ...
Biodiversity and the African Savanna: Problems of Definition and
... authors , all of whom argued for holism rather than reductionism for further socio-environmental understanding . [37-44]. This is also relevant to the position that paradigmatic and cultural perspectives, within larger knowledge systems, have created polarized viewpoints on environmental phenomena, ...
... authors , all of whom argued for holism rather than reductionism for further socio-environmental understanding . [37-44]. This is also relevant to the position that paradigmatic and cultural perspectives, within larger knowledge systems, have created polarized viewpoints on environmental phenomena, ...
what shapes an ecosystem?
... If resources are scarce, some organisms will starve and populations will decrease. If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase. Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser . . . with the loser failing to survive! ...
... If resources are scarce, some organisms will starve and populations will decrease. If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase. Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser . . . with the loser failing to survive! ...
shading facilitates sessile invertebrate - Ron Etter
... between native and invader diversity on large scales (Davies et al. 2005), and knowledge of species’ responses to such heterogeneity can be used to predict invasion potential (Peterson 2003). Many correlational studies have related species distributions and diversity to abiotic heterogeneity (review ...
... between native and invader diversity on large scales (Davies et al. 2005), and knowledge of species’ responses to such heterogeneity can be used to predict invasion potential (Peterson 2003). Many correlational studies have related species distributions and diversity to abiotic heterogeneity (review ...
Guide to Safe-Listening Earphones
... by half: 88 dB is allowed for 4 hours per day (20 hours per week), 91 dB for 2 hours per day (10 hours per week) and so on. Many common sound exposures are so loud that safe listening time is very short: Drumline rehearsals (115 dB) are safe for less than 3 minutes per week without hearing protectio ...
... by half: 88 dB is allowed for 4 hours per day (20 hours per week), 91 dB for 2 hours per day (10 hours per week) and so on. Many common sound exposures are so loud that safe listening time is very short: Drumline rehearsals (115 dB) are safe for less than 3 minutes per week without hearing protectio ...
- Thieme Connect
... eardrum, let alone what the stimulus is within the inner ear or reaching the auditory cortex, such measurements do ensure (1) our instrument has not changed over time, (2) our instrument measures the same thing as a similar instrument, (3) individual results do or do not that change over time, and ( ...
... eardrum, let alone what the stimulus is within the inner ear or reaching the auditory cortex, such measurements do ensure (1) our instrument has not changed over time, (2) our instrument measures the same thing as a similar instrument, (3) individual results do or do not that change over time, and ( ...
Diverse habitat use during two life stages of the critically
... Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States ...
... Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Kroodsma and Miller 1996). It is therefore often assumed that differences in song will evolve in sympatry to minimize hybridization and unnecessary territorial aggression (Miller 1982; Wallin 1985; Doutrelant et al. 2000). This view is supported by widespread species specificity in birdsong design, ...
... Kroodsma and Miller 1996). It is therefore often assumed that differences in song will evolve in sympatry to minimize hybridization and unnecessary territorial aggression (Miller 1982; Wallin 1985; Doutrelant et al. 2000). This view is supported by widespread species specificity in birdsong design, ...
photic zone
... Arctic/boreal and tropical rivers, and those with high humic acids in wetlands. But it provides a basic model for the study of stream systems. Human effects on streams include pollution, sediment inputs, and introduced species. Streams have always been used for disposal of sewage and industria ...
... Arctic/boreal and tropical rivers, and those with high humic acids in wetlands. But it provides a basic model for the study of stream systems. Human effects on streams include pollution, sediment inputs, and introduced species. Streams have always been used for disposal of sewage and industria ...
synergistic effects of fire and herbivory
... structure in many ecosystems, but the ways in which multiple disturbance types interact remain poorly understood. The effects of multiple-disturbance interactions can be additive, subadditive or super-additive (synergistic). Synergistic effects in particular can accelerate ecological change; thus, c ...
... structure in many ecosystems, but the ways in which multiple disturbance types interact remain poorly understood. The effects of multiple-disturbance interactions can be additive, subadditive or super-additive (synergistic). Synergistic effects in particular can accelerate ecological change; thus, c ...
Assessing Fit Effectiveness of Earplugs
... in the field, it appeared to make no difference whether a worker had attended zero, five or ten group training sessions in hearing protection. (There are other good reasons to offer group training in a Hearing Conservation Program, though group training is not the best method for teaching hearing pr ...
... in the field, it appeared to make no difference whether a worker had attended zero, five or ten group training sessions in hearing protection. (There are other good reasons to offer group training in a Hearing Conservation Program, though group training is not the best method for teaching hearing pr ...
Soundscape ecology
Soundscape ecology is the study of sound within a landscape and its effect on organisms. Sounds may be generated by organisms (biophony), by the physical environment (geophony), or by humans (anthrophony). Soundscape ecologists seek to understand how these different sound sources interact across spatial scales and through time. Variation in soundscapes may have wide-ranging ecological effects as organisms often obtain information from environmental sounds. Soundscape ecologists use recording devices, audio tools, and elements of traditional ecological analyses to study soundscape structure. Increasingly, anthrophony, sometimes referred to in older, more archaic terminology as anthropogenic noise dominates soundscapes, and this type of noise pollution or disturbance has a negative impact on a wide range of organisms. The preservation of natural soundscapes is now a recognized conservation goal.