Non-immunological defense in an evolutionary framework Parker , Seth M. Barribeau
... antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes. Through this framework, immunologists have accumulated a wealth of information about how these immune system-based defenses work to protect hosts from infection, most often using laboratory models, and frequently using non-natural pathogens. Immune systems are o ...
... antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes. Through this framework, immunologists have accumulated a wealth of information about how these immune system-based defenses work to protect hosts from infection, most often using laboratory models, and frequently using non-natural pathogens. Immune systems are o ...
Network-based analysis reveals novel gene signatures in peripheral
... While the molecular mechanisms underlying the two processes may be different, COPD is diagnosed and assessed using lung function parameters; the most commonly used are the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and its ratio with the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). There is a huge unmet clinical n ...
... While the molecular mechanisms underlying the two processes may be different, COPD is diagnosed and assessed using lung function parameters; the most commonly used are the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and its ratio with the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). There is a huge unmet clinical n ...
E. coli
... Care must be exercised when interpreting the raw figures, i.e. increases in numbers of isolates, as the numbers of laboratories reporting to EARS-Net has increased over the years ...
... Care must be exercised when interpreting the raw figures, i.e. increases in numbers of isolates, as the numbers of laboratories reporting to EARS-Net has increased over the years ...
What are the properties that make an antibiotic
... evaluate antimicrobial penetration for pneumonia (including the linkage of lung penetration to clinical outcome). Indeed, there is some debate regarding the most appropriate method for determining antimicrobial concentration at the site of infection for pneumonia.27 For pulmonary infections, penetra ...
... evaluate antimicrobial penetration for pneumonia (including the linkage of lung penetration to clinical outcome). Indeed, there is some debate regarding the most appropriate method for determining antimicrobial concentration at the site of infection for pneumonia.27 For pulmonary infections, penetra ...
Gene delivery to the epidermis
... with extensive growth capacity; (ii) differentiated paraclones with a limited growth capacity; and (iii) intermediate meroclones, which are thought to constitute long lived progenitor cells in vivo (2). Ideally, epidermal gene targeting would involve integration of an exogenous gene into the genome ...
... with extensive growth capacity; (ii) differentiated paraclones with a limited growth capacity; and (iii) intermediate meroclones, which are thought to constitute long lived progenitor cells in vivo (2). Ideally, epidermal gene targeting would involve integration of an exogenous gene into the genome ...
Signature Optical Cues: Emerging Technologies for Monitoring Plant Health
... and blue shift in the red edge inflection point [46-47]. Visually, chlorotic changes are perceived as yellowing of leaves [48]. 2.2.4 Anatomical basis for leaf reflectance properties Reflectance patterns are influenced by leaf surface features, internal architecture and biochemical composition. Figu ...
... and blue shift in the red edge inflection point [46-47]. Visually, chlorotic changes are perceived as yellowing of leaves [48]. 2.2.4 Anatomical basis for leaf reflectance properties Reflectance patterns are influenced by leaf surface features, internal architecture and biochemical composition. Figu ...
Veterinary Microbiology 108 (2005) 145-148
... Six unique PFGE profiles were identified and with the exception of strain 1950 all isolates formed a cluster that showed >80% similarity. Antibiotic resistance profiles are also shown in Table I and there was no correlation between resistance phenotype and PFGE profiles. 4. Discussion This is the fi ...
... Six unique PFGE profiles were identified and with the exception of strain 1950 all isolates formed a cluster that showed >80% similarity. Antibiotic resistance profiles are also shown in Table I and there was no correlation between resistance phenotype and PFGE profiles. 4. Discussion This is the fi ...
Molecular detection and pathology of the oomycete Albugo candida
... seedlings from these provenances were provided by ARBG. The trial was conducted using 120 seedlings (40 seedlings from each provenance) that were of a similar age and stage of development. These seedlings were randomly selected from germination trays and planted individually into 15-cm pots filled w ...
... seedlings from these provenances were provided by ARBG. The trial was conducted using 120 seedlings (40 seedlings from each provenance) that were of a similar age and stage of development. These seedlings were randomly selected from germination trays and planted individually into 15-cm pots filled w ...
Functional Comparison of Innate Immune Signaling Pathways in
... agents between humans and other primates are probably due to inter-species differences in immune response to infection. Consistent with that notion, genes involved in immunity-related processes are strongly enriched among recent targets of positive selection in primates, suggesting that immune respo ...
... agents between humans and other primates are probably due to inter-species differences in immune response to infection. Consistent with that notion, genes involved in immunity-related processes are strongly enriched among recent targets of positive selection in primates, suggesting that immune respo ...
Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns, Pattern Recognition Receptors and Pediatric Sepsis Lesley
... An enormous amount of research over the last 20 years has been devoted to defining the key aspects of the innate immune response responsible for inducing host response to pathogens. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are evolutionarily conserved receptors capable of responding to highly conserved ...
... An enormous amount of research over the last 20 years has been devoted to defining the key aspects of the innate immune response responsible for inducing host response to pathogens. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are evolutionarily conserved receptors capable of responding to highly conserved ...
Challenges and strategies: The immune responses in gene therapy
... derived from viral particles, viral genes, and CpG DNA in plasmid. These potential immunostimulants may play important roles in inducing the host immune responses when foreign genes are transferred into the targeted tissues.1 Generally, viral vectors containing the genes of interest are packaged int ...
... derived from viral particles, viral genes, and CpG DNA in plasmid. These potential immunostimulants may play important roles in inducing the host immune responses when foreign genes are transferred into the targeted tissues.1 Generally, viral vectors containing the genes of interest are packaged int ...
Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms of VDR (vitamin D
... Several case-control studies, performed in populations with high TB incidence, have studied the correlation between the VDR gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to TB, but the results were inconclusive, especially because the populations were ethnically and geographically different and gene ...
... Several case-control studies, performed in populations with high TB incidence, have studied the correlation between the VDR gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to TB, but the results were inconclusive, especially because the populations were ethnically and geographically different and gene ...
Endosymbiont Tolerance and Control within Insect Hosts
... structures used for pattern recognition. Thus, polymorphisms in outer membrane proteins seem to contribute to host tolerance of symbiotic bacteria. A prominent example is Sodalis glossinidius, a secondary facultative endosymbiont of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. Sodalis occurs in the ...
... structures used for pattern recognition. Thus, polymorphisms in outer membrane proteins seem to contribute to host tolerance of symbiotic bacteria. A prominent example is Sodalis glossinidius, a secondary facultative endosymbiont of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. Sodalis occurs in the ...
MRSA - RegOnline
... aureus (VISA) from Japan 1998 JAMA: 70% of cases of S. aureus disease in a Chicago pediatric hospital are community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA, most susc. to clinda, TMP/SMX) 1999 MMWR: 4 cases of serious, invasive CA-MRSA in children (majority susc. to clindamycin, TMP/SMX.) 2002 PIDJ: 67% of cases of ...
... aureus (VISA) from Japan 1998 JAMA: 70% of cases of S. aureus disease in a Chicago pediatric hospital are community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA, most susc. to clinda, TMP/SMX) 1999 MMWR: 4 cases of serious, invasive CA-MRSA in children (majority susc. to clindamycin, TMP/SMX.) 2002 PIDJ: 67% of cases of ...
Bacterial Biofilms Resist Key Host Defenses
... In some cases, biofilms modulate the effectiveness of those effector molecules. When neutrophils One of the most intensely studied virulence deencounter P. aeruginosa biofilms, they produce terminants of P. aeruginosa is the viscous exless superoxide compared to when they encounter opolysaccharide a ...
... In some cases, biofilms modulate the effectiveness of those effector molecules. When neutrophils One of the most intensely studied virulence deencounter P. aeruginosa biofilms, they produce terminants of P. aeruginosa is the viscous exless superoxide compared to when they encounter opolysaccharide a ...
Disease spread, susceptibility and infection intensity: vicious circles?
... to assume that good condition will better prepare an individual to oppose and/or limit infection. The more ‘healthy’ a host, the more hostile an environment a parasite will face. Therefore, the influence of general host condition on intrinsic susceptibility, and as a result on infection dynamics wit ...
... to assume that good condition will better prepare an individual to oppose and/or limit infection. The more ‘healthy’ a host, the more hostile an environment a parasite will face. Therefore, the influence of general host condition on intrinsic susceptibility, and as a result on infection dynamics wit ...
From evolutionary genetics to human immunology: how selection
... alleles from a population. This is probably the most pervasive form of natural selection acting on genomes. In humans, 38–75% of all new amino acid-altering mutations are estimated to be affected by moderate or strong negative selection155,156. The main consequence of negative selection is a local r ...
... alleles from a population. This is probably the most pervasive form of natural selection acting on genomes. In humans, 38–75% of all new amino acid-altering mutations are estimated to be affected by moderate or strong negative selection155,156. The main consequence of negative selection is a local r ...
Isolation and characterization of two NPR1 By ROSITA ENDAH
... correct reading frame. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining, maximum parsimony (MEGA4) and maximum likelihood (Phyml2.4.4) method. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to t ...
... correct reading frame. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining, maximum parsimony (MEGA4) and maximum likelihood (Phyml2.4.4) method. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to t ...
Download - 1,172Kb
... Kinkema and Gresshoff [36] used transcriptional profiling to identify potential downstream signals of GmNARK. These studies revealed that GmNARK-mediated signaling controls the expression of genes involved in the JA pathway. Genes encoding the key enzymes controlling JA biosynthesis as well as JA-re ...
... Kinkema and Gresshoff [36] used transcriptional profiling to identify potential downstream signals of GmNARK. These studies revealed that GmNARK-mediated signaling controls the expression of genes involved in the JA pathway. Genes encoding the key enzymes controlling JA biosynthesis as well as JA-re ...
BIO-PROSPECTING AND DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS USED TO
... In India, drugs of herbal origin have been used in traditional systems of medicines such as Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha4. India is one of the worlds 12 biodiversity centers with the presence of over 45000 different plant species. Of these, about 15,000 to 20,000 plants have gold medicinal value. Eve ...
... In India, drugs of herbal origin have been used in traditional systems of medicines such as Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha4. India is one of the worlds 12 biodiversity centers with the presence of over 45000 different plant species. Of these, about 15,000 to 20,000 plants have gold medicinal value. Eve ...
a PDF of this article
... Swift humorously framed a simple fact—pathogens are ubiquitous. But how do organisms recognize and combat infections? When flies are infected by fungi, they effectively dose themselves with an antimicrobial metabolite, called drosomycin. But flies do not have diagnostic capabilities for determining ...
... Swift humorously framed a simple fact—pathogens are ubiquitous. But how do organisms recognize and combat infections? When flies are infected by fungi, they effectively dose themselves with an antimicrobial metabolite, called drosomycin. But flies do not have diagnostic capabilities for determining ...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the C5 gene affect
... span a genomic region of 79 kb. The gene encodes the open reading frame for C5α (exon 116), as well as for C5β (exons 16-41). Both are transcribed as a single 6.0 kb mRNA and translated into a pre-C5 protein (in a β-α orientation). These single chain precursors are processed into the mature form of ...
... span a genomic region of 79 kb. The gene encodes the open reading frame for C5α (exon 116), as well as for C5β (exons 16-41). Both are transcribed as a single 6.0 kb mRNA and translated into a pre-C5 protein (in a β-α orientation). These single chain precursors are processed into the mature form of ...
results - Saudi Medical Journal
... more than one β-lactam gene. Due to the high diversity of these enzymes, multiplex PCR based detection methods have become a widely used tool for epidemiological surveys (3). The tendency of ESBL-producing pathogens to be concurrently resistant to other groups of antibiotics significantly limits the ...
... more than one β-lactam gene. Due to the high diversity of these enzymes, multiplex PCR based detection methods have become a widely used tool for epidemiological surveys (3). The tendency of ESBL-producing pathogens to be concurrently resistant to other groups of antibiotics significantly limits the ...
The Biological Basis of the Immune System as a Model for Intelligent
... are its abilities for adaptation and memory. The following sections explore in more detail how adaptation and memory occur as a result of the immune response process. ...
... are its abilities for adaptation and memory. The following sections explore in more detail how adaptation and memory occur as a result of the immune response process. ...