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On the following pages you will find one of the... Applications and Summary Statements indexed here:
On the following pages you will find one of the... Applications and Summary Statements indexed here:

... The eukaryotic innate immune system represents an important barrier that pathogens need to circumvent in order to cause disease. Several components of this system are conserved in eukaryotes. Recently, bacterial pathogen effectors that are injected into host cells by type III protein secretion syste ...
Non-specific, B-cells, T
Non-specific, B-cells, T

... Traps particles, swallowed Stomach acid kills pathogens Fig 43.2 ...
the Xpert MTB/RIF test
the Xpert MTB/RIF test

... rapid test for tuberculosis (TB), especially relevant in countries most affected by the disease. The test could revolutionize TB care and control by providing an accurate diagnosis for many patients in about 100 minutes, compared to current tests that can take up to three months to have results. ...
Control of vibrios in ponds and on shrimp farms
Control of vibrios in ponds and on shrimp farms

... • This balance is dynamic changing as inputs and outputs influence the composition of nutrients and other bacteria • Bacteria are constantly battling each other for access to nutrients ...
Memorizing innate instructions requires a sufficiently specific
Memorizing innate instructions requires a sufficiently specific

... We have studied how the performance of an immune system that is challenged with 103 different pathogens depends on the cross-reactivity p of its lymphocytes (Fig. 3). The probability of immunity (i.e. the probability that all 103 pathogens are recognized by at least one non-tolerant clone, see the t ...
- Конференции
- Конференции

... and are characterized with high productivity and grain quality. The selected perspective DH lines were used for production of new wheat cultivar resistant to rust diseases. This cultivar was introduced in the region of Southern Kazakhstan. ...
Thesis - Munin
Thesis - Munin

... the understanding of the processes unfolding during the interaction between this parasite and its hosts. This knowledge is, among others, crucial to evaluate the biotechnological potential of Cuscuta–derived enzymes. To reach this goal, established biochemical, immunohistological and genetic approac ...
Janeway`s Immunobiology, 9th Edition Chapter 2: Innate Immunity
Janeway`s Immunobiology, 9th Edition Chapter 2: Innate Immunity

... Multiple choice: Multiple pathways for regulating complement activation limit the potential damage caused by complement deposition on host cells or caused by the spontaneous activation of complement proteins in the plasma. Genetic deficiencies in these mechanisms often lead to chronic inflammatory d ...
Comparative analysis of the acute response of the trout, O. mykiss
Comparative analysis of the acute response of the trout, O. mykiss

... activation. A number of recent reports concerning PAMP recognition [9], activated macrophage transcriptomics [8] and immunomics [10-16] and genome-wide surveys [17] show that fish and fish macrophages clearly respond differentially to different pathogens. This therefore should lead to different phys ...
The influence of disease categories on gene candidate predictions
The influence of disease categories on gene candidate predictions

... Despite many success stories in the identification of genetic causes for human heritable diseases, half of the currently described disorders with a presumed genetic etiology are still without an identified molecular basis [1]. Although the identification of a novel disease gene rarely leads to immed ...
Identification of the yaa lupus as a IIr
Identification of the yaa lupus as a IIr

... strain backgrounds, including the lupus-prone FcγRIIb-/- mouse model [4]. In the reviewed article, Pisitkun and colleagues demonstrate that the fundamental lesion underlying the Yaa locus is a twofold upregulation of Tlr7 due to a translocation of genes proximal to the pseudo-autosomal region on the ...
Vitamin D Activates Two Key Immune Systems
Vitamin D Activates Two Key Immune Systems

... important that is has been conserved through almost 60 million years of evolution (Gombart AF, Saito T, Koeffler HP ...
Types of Immunity
Types of Immunity

... Types of Immunity Innate immunity The natural defense mechanism of all organisms is known as innate immunity. Acquired immunity The resistance developed by man during his life time is known as acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is of two types namely active and passive. Active immunity is the resi ...
MHC
MHC

... HLA and clinical medicine 1. HLA and transplantation ...
GENE EXPRESSION - Department of Molecular Biology
GENE EXPRESSION - Department of Molecular Biology

... patterns that match the developmental stage and age gradients of leaves. Clonal analysis of photosynthetic BSC and MC in maize leaves suggests that MC development is dependent on position rather than lineage (71). The photosynthetic competence of MC and BSC is tightly coupled to vein development and ...
Evolution of the innate immune system: the worm perspective
Evolution of the innate immune system: the worm perspective

... have a common origin and have subsequently been conserved across millions of years of evolution. Non-vertebrate model systems thus may aid our understanding of innate immunity in higher vertebrates, including humans, in two main ways: (i) They allow us to infer the evolutionary history of immune com ...
Solanum lycopersicum TP-44-4 Rev 2 - CPVO
Solanum lycopersicum TP-44-4 Rev 2 - CPVO

... The protocol describes the technical procedures to be followed in order to meet the requirements of Council Regulation 2100/94 on Community Plant Variety Rights. The technical procedures have been agreed by the Administrative Council and are based on documents agreed by the International Union for t ...
Heterogeneity in pathogen transmission: mechanisms and
Heterogeneity in pathogen transmission: mechanisms and

... Fig. A. Components contributing to variation in the number of secondary infections produced by an infected individual, or V. Secondly, an animal may be a super-spreader because it is highly infectious. Given an equal number of encounters, a more infectious animal has a higher likelihood of transmitt ...
General Leaf Diseases of Corn
General Leaf Diseases of Corn

... Timely scouting is important to help protect corn plants from diseases. Since much of a corn plant’s energy from photosynthesis is produced by the leaves immediately surrounding the primary ear, those leaves should be protected from foliar diseases. Fungicide applications made before a disease sprea ...
Plant Tumorigenesis: Different Ways for Shifting Systemic Control of
Plant Tumorigenesis: Different Ways for Shifting Systemic Control of

... leading to tumorigenesis. Similarly, several genes working in the control of the cell cycle and meristem maintenance were reported as plant oncogenes. For example, overexpression of the CycD3 gene under the constitutive promoter 35S of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S) in transgenic Arabidopsis pl ...
PEANUT NEMATODE CONTROL
PEANUT NEMATODE CONTROL

... has been documented. Crop rotation and resistance are the most economical and desired management strategies for minimizing nematode problems. A nematode resistant variety (Georgia 14N, Tifguard, TifNV‐High O/L) is recommended for fields with a documented history of peanut root‐knot nem ...
Article Evolutionary Transition from Pathogenicity to Commensalism
Article Evolutionary Transition from Pathogenicity to Commensalism

... Genetic knockouts of lasR not only corroborate its role in virulence attenuation but also show that further mutations are necessary for the fully commensal phenotype. The evolutionary transition from pathogenicity to commensalism as we observe here is facilitated by mutations in global regulators su ...
genetic regulation of cuticle assembly in fleshy fruit
genetic regulation of cuticle assembly in fleshy fruit

... of the SlSHN3 transcription factor in tomato resulted in reduced cuticle deposition in tomato fruit as shown by light microscopy analysis of (A) wild-type and (B) SlSHN3-RNAi tomato peel sections (Shi et al., 2013). Additionally, the epidermal cells of the SlSHN3-RNAi tomato sections in (B) do not p ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)

... report[15] who documented sizes of 4.7-5.7Kb but it is closely related to the finding of an earlier work [17].There is indication that some of the MDR Salmonella possessed small size plasmids while others were of bigger size. The higher molecular weight plasmids are said to be plasmids that confer r ...
Impact of high predation risk on genome-wide hippocampal gene
Impact of high predation risk on genome-wide hippocampal gene

... direct mortality but also through sublethal effects. The chronic stress hypothesis posits that high predation risk during the decline severely stresses hares, leading to greater stress responses, heightened ability to mobilize cortisol and energy, and a poorer body condition. These effects may resul ...
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Plant disease resistance

Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways: by preformed mechanisms and by infection-induced responses of the immune system. Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant, while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage despite substantial pathogen levels. Disease outcome is determined by the three-way interaction of the pathogen, the plant and the environmental conditions (an interaction known as the disease triangle).Defense-activating compounds can move cell-to-cell and systemically through the plant vascular system. However, plants do not have circulating immune cells, so most cell types exhibit a broad suite of antimicrobial defenses. Although obvious qualitative differences in disease resistance can be observed when multiple specimens are compared (allowing classification as “resistant” or “susceptible” after infection by the same pathogen strain at similar inoculum levels in similar environments), a gradation of quantitative differences in disease resistance is more typically observed between plant strains or genotypes. Plants consistently resist certain pathogens but succumb to others; resistance is usually pathogen species- or pathogen strain-specific.
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