electrochemical processing of regeneration solutions from ion
... published work developed removal of sulfate from water (Salnikov et al., 1992) with some approaches using electrolysis (Pisarska et al., 2005). However, the processes of electrolysis of acid and alkaline solutions of sodium sulfate, which are formed during regeneration of ion exchangers by ion-excha ...
... published work developed removal of sulfate from water (Salnikov et al., 1992) with some approaches using electrolysis (Pisarska et al., 2005). However, the processes of electrolysis of acid and alkaline solutions of sodium sulfate, which are formed during regeneration of ion exchangers by ion-excha ...
Influence of alkyl chain length on sulfated zirconia catalysed batch
... method reported in our previous work.42 Briefly, 10 g of SBA-15 ( prepared via the original method of Zhao et al.43) was dried at 300 °C for 4 h, then cooled to 100 °C and added to a solution of 58.5 g of 70% zirconium propoxide in propanol (Sigma-Aldrich) in 300 mL of anhydrous hexane. The amount o ...
... method reported in our previous work.42 Briefly, 10 g of SBA-15 ( prepared via the original method of Zhao et al.43) was dried at 300 °C for 4 h, then cooled to 100 °C and added to a solution of 58.5 g of 70% zirconium propoxide in propanol (Sigma-Aldrich) in 300 mL of anhydrous hexane. The amount o ...
Ch-9-Carboxylic Acids and their derivatives new
... • Smaller carboxylic acids (1 to 4 carbons) are soluble with water • Whereas the solubility of bigger carboxylic acids decrease with size due to the increasing hydrophobic nature of the alkyl chain. •Aromatic acids are insoluble in water ...
... • Smaller carboxylic acids (1 to 4 carbons) are soluble with water • Whereas the solubility of bigger carboxylic acids decrease with size due to the increasing hydrophobic nature of the alkyl chain. •Aromatic acids are insoluble in water ...
analytical chemistry lecture 8
... Calculate [OH‒] in a solution in which the concentration of protons is 0.0012 M at 25C. Is the solution acidic, basic or neutral? At 25C, Kw is always equal to 1 × 10-14 . Kw = [H3O+] [OH‒] 1 × 10-14 = (0.0012) [OH‒] [OH‒] = 1 × 10-14 / 0.0012 = 8.3 × 10-12 M The solution is acidic. ...
... Calculate [OH‒] in a solution in which the concentration of protons is 0.0012 M at 25C. Is the solution acidic, basic or neutral? At 25C, Kw is always equal to 1 × 10-14 . Kw = [H3O+] [OH‒] 1 × 10-14 = (0.0012) [OH‒] [OH‒] = 1 × 10-14 / 0.0012 = 8.3 × 10-12 M The solution is acidic. ...
Thin-Layer Chromatography: Applying TLC as a
... As time progressed the TLC plates showed no sign that the reaction had run to completeness. There were still two separate spots that appeared on the TLC plate after 45 minutes. This may be due to the fact that even though the reaction may have been completed, the acetylsalicylic acid compounds were ...
... As time progressed the TLC plates showed no sign that the reaction had run to completeness. There were still two separate spots that appeared on the TLC plate after 45 minutes. This may be due to the fact that even though the reaction may have been completed, the acetylsalicylic acid compounds were ...
Chapter 17 - Academic Brooklyn Cuny
... In these resonance structures charge is not created. Thus these structures are important and increase acidity. They account for the acidity of all phenols. ...
... In these resonance structures charge is not created. Thus these structures are important and increase acidity. They account for the acidity of all phenols. ...
Molecular Modeling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants
... matter that is insoluble in aqueous solutions at acidic pH (<2) and soluble in aqueous solutions at higher pH. They are ubiquitous in nature. In terrestrial ecosystems, the amount of carbon in HAs ( 6.0 1012 tons) exceeds that in living organisms. They act as (i) soil stabilizers, (ii) nutrient and ...
... matter that is insoluble in aqueous solutions at acidic pH (<2) and soluble in aqueous solutions at higher pH. They are ubiquitous in nature. In terrestrial ecosystems, the amount of carbon in HAs ( 6.0 1012 tons) exceeds that in living organisms. They act as (i) soil stabilizers, (ii) nutrient and ...
1. (a) Propan-1ol, C2H5CH2OH can be oxidised to propanoic acid
... Benzocaine, C9H11O2N, is an aromatic compound which is used commercially in creams to alleviate sunburn. Benzocaine reacts with dilute acids to form the ion C9H12O2N+ and with ethanoyl chloride to form C11H13O3N. When benzocaine is heated under reflux with aqueous sodium hydroxide and the soluti ...
... Benzocaine, C9H11O2N, is an aromatic compound which is used commercially in creams to alleviate sunburn. Benzocaine reacts with dilute acids to form the ion C9H12O2N+ and with ethanoyl chloride to form C11H13O3N. When benzocaine is heated under reflux with aqueous sodium hydroxide and the soluti ...
Organic Chemistry
... hydride (DIBAlH) at -78°C selectively reduces an ester to an aldehyde. • At -78°C, the TCAI does not collapse and it is not until hydrolysis in aqueous acid that the carbonyl group of the aldehyde is liberated. O ...
... hydride (DIBAlH) at -78°C selectively reduces an ester to an aldehyde. • At -78°C, the TCAI does not collapse and it is not until hydrolysis in aqueous acid that the carbonyl group of the aldehyde is liberated. O ...
Chapter 8 Brønsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
... Write the chemical reaction for the following acids or bases in water. Identify the conjugate acid base pairs. 1. HF (a weak acid) 2. H2S (a weak acid) 3. HNO3 (a strong acid) 4. CH3NH2 (a weak base) Note: The degree of dissociation also defines weak and strong bases ...
... Write the chemical reaction for the following acids or bases in water. Identify the conjugate acid base pairs. 1. HF (a weak acid) 2. H2S (a weak acid) 3. HNO3 (a strong acid) 4. CH3NH2 (a weak base) Note: The degree of dissociation also defines weak and strong bases ...
A Convenient Preparation of Volatile Acid Chlorides
... very simple: the acid is mixed with an excess of The possibility of utilizing organic acid chlo- benzoyl chloride and the acid chloride desired is rides for the preparation of other acid chlorides distilled through a small column directly out of the has been neglected for the most part. Adams and re ...
... very simple: the acid is mixed with an excess of The possibility of utilizing organic acid chlo- benzoyl chloride and the acid chloride desired is rides for the preparation of other acid chlorides distilled through a small column directly out of the has been neglected for the most part. Adams and re ...
the chemistry of smell
... 4. Place the test tubes in the 80-85C water bath, using test tube holders to keep the tubes from floating or tipping in the beaker. Heat for about 20 minutes mixing the solution from time to time and maintaining the temperature between 80-85°C. The water should NOT be boiling. If your water bath be ...
... 4. Place the test tubes in the 80-85C water bath, using test tube holders to keep the tubes from floating or tipping in the beaker. Heat for about 20 minutes mixing the solution from time to time and maintaining the temperature between 80-85°C. The water should NOT be boiling. If your water bath be ...
8 - THE DETERMINATION OF THE CONCENTRATION
... if the pH has not reached 11.5 units. Why does adding water to the solution not affect the determination of the concentration or pKa-values? Repeat the titration twice or until the average deviation of the volumes required reaching the first equivalence point is less than 0.10 mL. Neutralize all tit ...
... if the pH has not reached 11.5 units. Why does adding water to the solution not affect the determination of the concentration or pKa-values? Repeat the titration twice or until the average deviation of the volumes required reaching the first equivalence point is less than 0.10 mL. Neutralize all tit ...
BIOC 462a -- General Chemistry Review
... °amount of acid in the solution (from mols of OH required to–completely deprotonate each acidic group), which permits conversion of volume of standard OH added (which was measured) to equivalents OH – added (mols OH –/mol acidic group) °pKa values of acidic groups (from pH at which an acidic group i ...
... °amount of acid in the solution (from mols of OH required to–completely deprotonate each acidic group), which permits conversion of volume of standard OH added (which was measured) to equivalents OH – added (mols OH –/mol acidic group) °pKa values of acidic groups (from pH at which an acidic group i ...
Organic Chemistry
... CH3OH methyl alcohol, methanol, “wood alcohol”. Impurity in moonshine; causes blindness CH3CH2OH ethyl alcohol, ethanol, “alcohol” Prepared by fermentation of sugar-containing plant material. ...
... CH3OH methyl alcohol, methanol, “wood alcohol”. Impurity in moonshine; causes blindness CH3CH2OH ethyl alcohol, ethanol, “alcohol” Prepared by fermentation of sugar-containing plant material. ...
Organic Chemistry
... The OH group is polar; hydrogen bonding makes alcohols more soluble in water than in hydrocarbons CH3OH methyl alcohol, methanol, “wood alcohol”. Impurity in moonshine; causes blindness CH3CH2OH ethyl alcohol, ethanol, “alcohol” Prepared by fermentation of sugarcontaining plant material. ...
... The OH group is polar; hydrogen bonding makes alcohols more soluble in water than in hydrocarbons CH3OH methyl alcohol, methanol, “wood alcohol”. Impurity in moonshine; causes blindness CH3CH2OH ethyl alcohol, ethanol, “alcohol” Prepared by fermentation of sugarcontaining plant material. ...
PDF notes - Chemistry and Biochemistry
... °amount of acid in the solution (from mols of OH required to –completely deprotonate each acidic group), which permits conversion of volume of standard OH added (which was measured) to equivalents OH – added (mols OH –/mol acidic group) °pKa values of acidic groups (from pH at which an acidic group ...
... °amount of acid in the solution (from mols of OH required to –completely deprotonate each acidic group), which permits conversion of volume of standard OH added (which was measured) to equivalents OH – added (mols OH –/mol acidic group) °pKa values of acidic groups (from pH at which an acidic group ...
Supplementary Information
... carbonaceous chondrites was estimated in the range from 0.22 % to 3% in weight. At least 70% of the total carbon content is the insoluble fraction (Kerogen-like material), which can be detected only after dissolution of the inorganic matrix with HF-HCl mixture. The resting 30% corresponds to the sol ...
... carbonaceous chondrites was estimated in the range from 0.22 % to 3% in weight. At least 70% of the total carbon content is the insoluble fraction (Kerogen-like material), which can be detected only after dissolution of the inorganic matrix with HF-HCl mixture. The resting 30% corresponds to the sol ...
Acid‒base reaction
... The hydrogen requirement of Arrhenius and Brønsted–Lowry was removed by the Lewis definition of acid–base reactions, devised by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1923,[12] in the same year as Brønsted–Lowry, but it was not elaborated by him until 1938.[2] Instead of defining acid–base reactions in terms of proton ...
... The hydrogen requirement of Arrhenius and Brønsted–Lowry was removed by the Lewis definition of acid–base reactions, devised by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1923,[12] in the same year as Brønsted–Lowry, but it was not elaborated by him until 1938.[2] Instead of defining acid–base reactions in terms of proton ...
VBSINGHOSUp437
... biological systems and practical applications , it is desirable to study simple systems , such as salicylic and anthranilic acids. It is nowdays well established for many ESIPT systems that the proton (or hydrogen) transfer is an extremely fast process . The femto second rise time of the red-shifted ...
... biological systems and practical applications , it is desirable to study simple systems , such as salicylic and anthranilic acids. It is nowdays well established for many ESIPT systems that the proton (or hydrogen) transfer is an extremely fast process . The femto second rise time of the red-shifted ...
BIOC 460 General Chemistry Review
... °amount of acid in the solution (from mols of OH required to –completely deprotonate each acidic group), which permits conversion of volume of standard OH added (which was measured) to equivalents OH – added (mols OH –/mol acidic group) °pKa values of acidic groups (from pH at which an acidic group ...
... °amount of acid in the solution (from mols of OH required to –completely deprotonate each acidic group), which permits conversion of volume of standard OH added (which was measured) to equivalents OH – added (mols OH –/mol acidic group) °pKa values of acidic groups (from pH at which an acidic group ...
Chapter 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria I. Solubility
... Endpoint: the observed end of the titration (color change) Titration error: the difference between the observed and equivalence point. B. Strong base, weak acid acetic acid and sodium hydroxide leaves water and acetate ion which is basic. Therefore the titration ends with a basic pH greater than 7. ...
... Endpoint: the observed end of the titration (color change) Titration error: the difference between the observed and equivalence point. B. Strong base, weak acid acetic acid and sodium hydroxide leaves water and acetate ion which is basic. Therefore the titration ends with a basic pH greater than 7. ...
Topic 8: ACIDS and BASES
... H3O+ or with a another base to form water. Other examples include CH3+ and Br+ (Hal+) which you will study in organic chemistry. molecules containing positive centres (mostly organic molecules) as a result of polar bonds within the molecule e.g. C in CO2 or in halogenalkanes and S in SO2. All Br ...
... H3O+ or with a another base to form water. Other examples include CH3+ and Br+ (Hal+) which you will study in organic chemistry. molecules containing positive centres (mostly organic molecules) as a result of polar bonds within the molecule e.g. C in CO2 or in halogenalkanes and S in SO2. All Br ...
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid with the molecular formula H2SO4 and molecular weight 98.079 g/mol. It is a pungent-ethereal, colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid which is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sometimes, it is dyed dark brown during production to alert people to its hazards. The historical name of this acid is oil of vitriol.Sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid and shows different properties depending upon its concentration. Its corrosiveness on other materials, like metals, living tissues or even stones, can be mainly ascribed to its strong acidic nature and, if concentrated, strong dehydrating and oxidizing properties. Sulfuric acid at a high concentration can cause very serious damage upon contact, since not only does it cause chemical burns via hydrolysis, but also secondary thermal burns through dehydration. It can lead to permanent blindness if splashed onto eyes and irreversible damage if swallowed. Accordingly, safety precautions should be strictly observed when handling it. Moreover, it is hygroscopic, readily absorbing water vapour from the air.Sulfuric acid has a wide range of applications including domestic acidic drain cleaner, electrolyte in lead-acid batteries and various cleaning agents. It is also a central substance in the chemical industry. Principal uses include mineral processing, fertilizer manufacturing, oil refining, wastewater processing, and chemical synthesis. It is widely produced with different methods, such as contact process, wet sulfuric acid process and some other methods.