Nomarski differential interference-contrast microscopy
... cemented surface of th is prism. (For greater clarity, one of the prism segments is dotted) . If the center plane of the Wollaston prism lies in the iamp-side focal plane of the condenser, the two beams will travel along parallel path s, slightly separated laterally in relati on to each other, after ...
... cemented surface of th is prism. (For greater clarity, one of the prism segments is dotted) . If the center plane of the Wollaston prism lies in the iamp-side focal plane of the condenser, the two beams will travel along parallel path s, slightly separated laterally in relati on to each other, after ...
Handbook of Optical Filters
... wavelength (more to the red) than the excitation color. These can be either bandpass filters or longpass filters. Common barrier filter colors are blue or pale yellow in the U-block, green or deep yellow in the B-block, and orange or red in the G-block. 3) The dichroic beamsplitter (also called the ...
... wavelength (more to the red) than the excitation color. These can be either bandpass filters or longpass filters. Common barrier filter colors are blue or pale yellow in the U-block, green or deep yellow in the B-block, and orange or red in the G-block. 3) The dichroic beamsplitter (also called the ...
Deciphering Spinoza`s Letters Line by Line
... of convex-plano lenses). One can also say that this same emphasis on the powers of refraction was also at play in Spinoza’s debate with Huygens over the kinds of objective lenses which were best for microscopes. Huygens finally had to privately admit in a letter written to his brother a year after ...
... of convex-plano lenses). One can also say that this same emphasis on the powers of refraction was also at play in Spinoza’s debate with Huygens over the kinds of objective lenses which were best for microscopes. Huygens finally had to privately admit in a letter written to his brother a year after ...
Investigating the Wavelength Dependency of Dot Gain in Color Print
... reproduction. There are numerous physical phenomena which influence color perception such as the light source, surface reflection, light absorption, light scattering, multiple internal reflection at the ink-air interface, and the combination of several light absorbing and light scattering substances ...
... reproduction. There are numerous physical phenomena which influence color perception such as the light source, surface reflection, light absorption, light scattering, multiple internal reflection at the ink-air interface, and the combination of several light absorbing and light scattering substances ...
Quantifying and pinpointing sources of noise in optical tweezers experiments
... or track organelles inside a cell.4 For single-molecule investigations, often a handle, for example in the form of a dielectric micron-sized object, is attached to the molecule of interest. Optical tweezers can then follow the motion of the handle and calculate the forces exerted on the handle with ...
... or track organelles inside a cell.4 For single-molecule investigations, often a handle, for example in the form of a dielectric micron-sized object, is attached to the molecule of interest. Optical tweezers can then follow the motion of the handle and calculate the forces exerted on the handle with ...
Femtosecond laser pulse filamentation versus optical
... by the appearance of visible emission, the “flash” endpoint. The former definition is usually used when studying ultrashort pulses with durations shorter than 10 ps. In this case the threshold breakdown density is Ne th ≈ 1018 cm−3 . The latter definition is used for long pulses with durations on th ...
... by the appearance of visible emission, the “flash” endpoint. The former definition is usually used when studying ultrashort pulses with durations shorter than 10 ps. In this case the threshold breakdown density is Ne th ≈ 1018 cm−3 . The latter definition is used for long pulses with durations on th ...
Subcarrier multiplexing for high-speed optical transmission
... has been pursued by industry and the research community to increase fiber transmission capacity. More sophisticated modulation formats may help to increase the bandwidth efficiency compared to the basic ON–OFF keying modulation. Optical subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) is a scheme where multiple signal ...
... has been pursued by industry and the research community to increase fiber transmission capacity. More sophisticated modulation formats may help to increase the bandwidth efficiency compared to the basic ON–OFF keying modulation. Optical subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) is a scheme where multiple signal ...
Waveguide Dispersion
... Combining intermodal and intramodal dispersions Consider a graded index fiber with a core diameter of 30 mm and a refractive index of 1.474 at the center of the core and a cladding refractive index of 1.453. Suppose that we use a laser diode emitter with a spectral linewidth of 3 nm to transmit alo ...
... Combining intermodal and intramodal dispersions Consider a graded index fiber with a core diameter of 30 mm and a refractive index of 1.474 at the center of the core and a cladding refractive index of 1.453. Suppose that we use a laser diode emitter with a spectral linewidth of 3 nm to transmit alo ...
Variability in ultraviolet total optical depth during the Southern
... wavelength-resolved measurements of UV radiation in polluted urban atmospheres are rarely available. As part of the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study, cosine weighted solar irradiance was measured continuously at seven UV wavelengths (300, 306, 312, 318, 326, 333 and 368 nm) at two sites during t ...
... wavelength-resolved measurements of UV radiation in polluted urban atmospheres are rarely available. As part of the 1997 Southern California Ozone Study, cosine weighted solar irradiance was measured continuously at seven UV wavelengths (300, 306, 312, 318, 326, 333 and 368 nm) at two sites during t ...
h and j aggregates - DST Unit of Nanoscience
... Fluorescence microscopy is the technique which has been widely used to study the dynamic processes and since J aggregates have high florescence quantum yield and hence there structure can be studied using Fluorescence microscopy. But this is not the case with H aggrega ...
... Fluorescence microscopy is the technique which has been widely used to study the dynamic processes and since J aggregates have high florescence quantum yield and hence there structure can be studied using Fluorescence microscopy. But this is not the case with H aggrega ...
LiNbO3 high-Speed optical FSK modulator
... Introduction: In previous works, frequency-shift-keying (FSK) modulation for coherent optical systems was investigated to obtain enhanced receiver sensitivity [ I , 2]. Recently, optical packet systems using FSK technique have received considerable attention. FSK is an effective scheme for optical l ...
... Introduction: In previous works, frequency-shift-keying (FSK) modulation for coherent optical systems was investigated to obtain enhanced receiver sensitivity [ I , 2]. Recently, optical packet systems using FSK technique have received considerable attention. FSK is an effective scheme for optical l ...
Retroreflector
A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering. In a retroreflector an electromagnetic wavefront is reflected back along a vector that is parallel to but opposite in direction from the wave's source. The angle of incidence at which the device or surface reflects light in this way is greater than zero, unlike a planar mirror, which does this only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the wave front, having a zero angle of incidence.