Role of the low-latitude ocean
... whereas the latter does not, since nutrients do not exchange with the atmosphere. In this way atmospheric pCO2 sensitivity to the solubility pump can be decoupled from sensitivity to the biological pump. Clearly, a method for quantifying the relative importance of air-sea disequilibrium and the size ...
... whereas the latter does not, since nutrients do not exchange with the atmosphere. In this way atmospheric pCO2 sensitivity to the solubility pump can be decoupled from sensitivity to the biological pump. Clearly, a method for quantifying the relative importance of air-sea disequilibrium and the size ...
The Mean Age of Ocean Waters Inferred from Radiocarbon
... times, any one scalar cannot convey all transport information, but the mean age represents the centered first moment of the distribution, a natural quantity on which to focus. Previous measures of the time scale of circulation, such as replacement times (Stuiver et al. 1983; Primeau and Holzer 2006; ...
... times, any one scalar cannot convey all transport information, but the mean age represents the centered first moment of the distribution, a natural quantity on which to focus. Previous measures of the time scale of circulation, such as replacement times (Stuiver et al. 1983; Primeau and Holzer 2006; ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of the Galápagos Islands
... In July 2008, growing awareness of climate change in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and potential impacts on Galápagos ecosystems and human wellbeing, especially combined with growing pressure on the natural systems, compelled WWF, Conservation International (CI), and the Charles Darwin Foundation (CD ...
... In July 2008, growing awareness of climate change in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and potential impacts on Galápagos ecosystems and human wellbeing, especially combined with growing pressure on the natural systems, compelled WWF, Conservation International (CI), and the Charles Darwin Foundation (CD ...
Consultative Draft, V5 November, 2016
... over the past three decades have demonstrated that the deep-sea is far from being a dormant, buffered system, it responds immediately in time and space to a range of powerful drivers and pressures. These include pulses of sinking organic matter, pollution by hydrocarbons and littering, hydrotherma ...
... over the past three decades have demonstrated that the deep-sea is far from being a dormant, buffered system, it responds immediately in time and space to a range of powerful drivers and pressures. These include pulses of sinking organic matter, pollution by hydrocarbons and littering, hydrotherma ...
IOC Regional Committee for the Southern Ocean (Sixth Session
... The Southern Ocean is the primary conduit connecting the oceans. The largest ocean current on the planet, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, transfers water, heat, carbon and other properties between the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Over 50 per cent of the World’s water masses are formed in ...
... The Southern Ocean is the primary conduit connecting the oceans. The largest ocean current on the planet, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, transfers water, heat, carbon and other properties between the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Over 50 per cent of the World’s water masses are formed in ...
the southern ocean observing system
... Limited observations suggest the Southern Ocean is indeed changing: the region is warming more rapidly than the global ocean average; salinity changes driven by changes in precipitation and ice melt have been observed in both the upper and abyssal ocean; the uptake of carbon by the Southern Ocean ha ...
... Limited observations suggest the Southern Ocean is indeed changing: the region is warming more rapidly than the global ocean average; salinity changes driven by changes in precipitation and ice melt have been observed in both the upper and abyssal ocean; the uptake of carbon by the Southern Ocean ha ...
The Southern Ocean Observing System
... Limited observations suggest the Southern Ocean is indeed changing: the region is warming more rapidly than the global ocean average; salinity changes driven by changes in precipitation and ice melt have been observed in both the upper and abyssal ocean; the uptake of carbon by the Southern Ocean ha ...
... Limited observations suggest the Southern Ocean is indeed changing: the region is warming more rapidly than the global ocean average; salinity changes driven by changes in precipitation and ice melt have been observed in both the upper and abyssal ocean; the uptake of carbon by the Southern Ocean ha ...
Moored observations of upper-ocean response to the monsoons in
... and the mixed layer shoaled to within 20 m of the surface, sometimes disappearing altogether. Since there were only a few, isolated rainfall events in the fall of 1994 and 1995, the moisture flux was dominated by evaporation. Recorded precipitation at WHOI during the year totalled less than 50 mm, wi ...
... and the mixed layer shoaled to within 20 m of the surface, sometimes disappearing altogether. Since there were only a few, isolated rainfall events in the fall of 1994 and 1995, the moisture flux was dominated by evaporation. Recorded precipitation at WHOI during the year totalled less than 50 mm, wi ...
Seafloor weathering controls on atmospheric C02 and global climate
... al., 1977). At D S D P site 395 calculated formation temperatures are less than 6°C for all calcites sampled in the top 500 m of basalt and only exceed this value at greater depth. Nevertheless, higher temperatures have also been observed where evidence of local hydrothermal activity is present. At ...
... al., 1977). At D S D P site 395 calculated formation temperatures are less than 6°C for all calcites sampled in the top 500 m of basalt and only exceed this value at greater depth. Nevertheless, higher temperatures have also been observed where evidence of local hydrothermal activity is present. At ...
Deep ocean ventilation, carbon isotopes, marine sedimentation and
... the depth of the CaCO3 saturation horizon and the sedimentation rate of CaCO3 , organic carbon and opal are compared to available paleo-data to assess the importance of changes in deep ocean ventilation for glacial-interglacial CO2 variations. Paleo-records of CO2 carbon isotope composition provide ...
... the depth of the CaCO3 saturation horizon and the sedimentation rate of CaCO3 , organic carbon and opal are compared to available paleo-data to assess the importance of changes in deep ocean ventilation for glacial-interglacial CO2 variations. Paleo-records of CO2 carbon isotope composition provide ...
long-term seafloor electromagnetic observation in the northwest
... It has long been pointed out that a “land-locked” view alone cannot provide the true image of the Earth because the continents occupy only 30% of the Earth’s surface. Disciplines in solid Earth geophysics such as seismology strongly require an “ocean-locked” view of the Earth as well as the “land-lo ...
... It has long been pointed out that a “land-locked” view alone cannot provide the true image of the Earth because the continents occupy only 30% of the Earth’s surface. Disciplines in solid Earth geophysics such as seismology strongly require an “ocean-locked” view of the Earth as well as the “land-lo ...
583 RADIOCARBON IN THE WATER COLUMN OF THE
... 1500 m. At these stations, the differences between our and GEOSECS observations are found in vertical salinity profiles as well, and this may be caused by the influence of the saline Kuroshio Extension waters in the sampling region (Aramaki et al. 2001). Furthermore, Station 1 lies about 500 km to t ...
... 1500 m. At these stations, the differences between our and GEOSECS observations are found in vertical salinity profiles as well, and this may be caused by the influence of the saline Kuroshio Extension waters in the sampling region (Aramaki et al. 2001). Furthermore, Station 1 lies about 500 km to t ...
Meteorological, Sea Ice and Physical Oceanographic Conditions on
... January and February) sea level atmospheric pressures between the Azores and Iceland (Rogers, 1984), and is a measure of the strength of the winter westerly winds over the northwest Atlantic. It is a measure of the dominant, large scale meteorological forcing over the North Atlantic Ocean. Specifica ...
... January and February) sea level atmospheric pressures between the Azores and Iceland (Rogers, 1984), and is a measure of the strength of the winter westerly winds over the northwest Atlantic. It is a measure of the dominant, large scale meteorological forcing over the North Atlantic Ocean. Specifica ...
El Niiio Effects on Southern California Kelp Forest Communities
... While El Nifios were defined in terms of events off South America, it is now recognized that these changes are connected directly to changes across the entire tropical Pacific and indirectly to changes through much of the world’s atmosphere and oceans (Cane, 1983; Rasmusson and Wallace, 1983). Chelt ...
... While El Nifios were defined in terms of events off South America, it is now recognized that these changes are connected directly to changes across the entire tropical Pacific and indirectly to changes through much of the world’s atmosphere and oceans (Cane, 1983; Rasmusson and Wallace, 1983). Chelt ...
Ocean storage
... and ecological impact of CO2 released into seawater, generally as liquid drop lets, larger liquid masses, or liquid–hydrate–water composites. In situ experiments conducted at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI; see Key References), typically involving the release and observation of ...
... and ecological impact of CO2 released into seawater, generally as liquid drop lets, larger liquid masses, or liquid–hydrate–water composites. In situ experiments conducted at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI; see Key References), typically involving the release and observation of ...
Quantifying the Cenozoic marine diatom
... not provide estimates of chert abundance, and thus systematically underestimate opal in sections where significant silica diagenesis has occurred. This, however, only affects significantly the older Paleogene record, as chert abundance has been shown to decline significantly after acoustic horizon A ...
... not provide estimates of chert abundance, and thus systematically underestimate opal in sections where significant silica diagenesis has occurred. This, however, only affects significantly the older Paleogene record, as chert abundance has been shown to decline significantly after acoustic horizon A ...
Issues in International Conservation
... made during the peak of the bleaching. These reports produce high estimates for bleaching but low estimates for bleaching mortality. These observations were typically made near the peak of bleaching, when it was most obvious, but mortality often peaks several months after bleaching. Further uncertai ...
... made during the peak of the bleaching. These reports produce high estimates for bleaching but low estimates for bleaching mortality. These observations were typically made near the peak of bleaching, when it was most obvious, but mortality often peaks several months after bleaching. Further uncertai ...
28-4_cabrera_12-12-15b.pdf
... oceanographic cruises conducted in May/June 2011 and April/May 2012, features a northward-flowing current (the nascent Kuroshio) bracketed by an anticyclonic eddy to its northeast and a cyclonic eddy to its southwest. A previous study showed that a more northerly location of the North Equatorial Cur ...
... oceanographic cruises conducted in May/June 2011 and April/May 2012, features a northward-flowing current (the nascent Kuroshio) bracketed by an anticyclonic eddy to its northeast and a cyclonic eddy to its southwest. A previous study showed that a more northerly location of the North Equatorial Cur ...
Interannual and interdecadal variations of the East Asian summer monsoon and tropical Pacific SSTs: Part II: Meridional structure of the monsoon.
... 1951–96 is used to composite the tropical SST, 850-hPa wind, and 500-hPa height. The results relative to the May–June rainfall, which represents most of the SEC summer monsoon rainfall, are compared to the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) rainfall composites. It is shown that strong interdecadal changes i ...
... 1951–96 is used to composite the tropical SST, 850-hPa wind, and 500-hPa height. The results relative to the May–June rainfall, which represents most of the SEC summer monsoon rainfall, are compared to the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) rainfall composites. It is shown that strong interdecadal changes i ...
Processes determining the marine alkalinity and calcium carbonate
... Alk∗ (Fig. 2c) distributions are similar at the surface. They are also similar at depth: Figs. 3 and 4 show zonally averaged gridded depth sections of Alk∗ and phosphate. Alk∗ and phosphate concentrations are low in the deep Arctic Ocean (Figs. 3d, and 4d), intermediate in the deep Atlantic Ocean (F ...
... Alk∗ (Fig. 2c) distributions are similar at the surface. They are also similar at depth: Figs. 3 and 4 show zonally averaged gridded depth sections of Alk∗ and phosphate. Alk∗ and phosphate concentrations are low in the deep Arctic Ocean (Figs. 3d, and 4d), intermediate in the deep Atlantic Ocean (F ...
Altimetry and Oceanography
... • Rise of the mean sea level of about 3 cm within 10 years according to TOPEX-POSEIDON • Complex interaction between the oceans and the atmosphere. An example is El Niño event: warm waters are pushed to the West coast of South America, disrupting normal winter conditions throughout the Pacific ocean ...
... • Rise of the mean sea level of about 3 cm within 10 years according to TOPEX-POSEIDON • Complex interaction between the oceans and the atmosphere. An example is El Niño event: warm waters are pushed to the West coast of South America, disrupting normal winter conditions throughout the Pacific ocean ...
Lytic viral infection of bacterioplankton in deep
... Fig. 1. Map of the sampling stations along two transects during the The western Pacific Ocean is characterised by low nutrient western Pacific cruise from November to December 2010. The map and low primary production, but strong light radiation (Barwas generated using Ocean Data View software (Schli ...
... Fig. 1. Map of the sampling stations along two transects during the The western Pacific Ocean is characterised by low nutrient western Pacific cruise from November to December 2010. The map and low primary production, but strong light radiation (Barwas generated using Ocean Data View software (Schli ...
Western Australian Integrated Marine Observing System (WAIMOS
... Figure 14: Long-term mean surface eddy kinetic energy derived from satellite altimeter data (left panel), seasonal cycle of Fremantle sea level, LC transport and surface eddy kinetic energy between Abrolhos and Perth (derived from Feng et al. 2003, 2005 and 2009) .................................... ...
... Figure 14: Long-term mean surface eddy kinetic energy derived from satellite altimeter data (left panel), seasonal cycle of Fremantle sea level, LC transport and surface eddy kinetic energy between Abrolhos and Perth (derived from Feng et al. 2003, 2005 and 2009) .................................... ...
A Review of the North Atlantic Circulation, Marine Climate Change
... greenhouse gases. At glacial times, the climate of the northern hemisphere went through a series of abrupt changes. Within a few decades or possibly less, atmospheric temperatures changed with an amplitude comparable to half the full glacial to interglacial difference. The most often advocated expla ...
... greenhouse gases. At glacial times, the climate of the northern hemisphere went through a series of abrupt changes. Within a few decades or possibly less, atmospheric temperatures changed with an amplitude comparable to half the full glacial to interglacial difference. The most often advocated expla ...