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East Pacific Rise
East Pacific Rise

... unknown ten years ago and still might be so had it not been for the International Geophysical Year. In so doing, they have opened the door for future studies which may profoundly influence man's understanding of the history of his planet. This new addition to the map of the globe is called the East ...
Surface Currents Activity
Surface Currents Activity

... Introduction: Surface waters of the Earth’s oceans are forced to move, primarily by winds. Where winds blow in the same direction for a long period of time, currents will develop that transport large masses of water over considerable distances across ocean surfaces. Objective: In this activity, you ...
Student 2 High Merit Spatial pattern Most of the world`s deserts are
Student 2 High Merit Spatial pattern Most of the world`s deserts are

... descends it gets warmer and tends to evaporate moisture from the earth’s surface. It brings bringing dry sunny weather. Some deserts have as little as 1mm of rain a year and other parts have no rain for years… [4] These large high pressure cells are the main influence over the desert climates… The ...
INST_ClivEx.pdf
INST_ClivEx.pdf

... The along-channel flow within various depth intervals reveals much variability across a wide range of temporal scales, marked with month long periods of significant imbalance between the inflow and export implying substantial convergence and divergence within the interior seas. Makassar Strait along ...
Aquatic Biomes, Part I – Marine Biomes
Aquatic Biomes, Part I – Marine Biomes

... Diversity - Biologically, oceans are species-rich Food supply - Oceans are a critical food source for much of the human population ...
Vol.3, No.1, 2003
Vol.3, No.1, 2003

... he eastern equatorial Pacific is the epicenter of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Within the tropics, this region has the largest year-to-year climate variability and is marked by large sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in both north-south and east-west directions. During normal periods, a c ...
printer-friendly version
printer-friendly version

... As previously discussed, the winds have an affect on ocean currents. Frictional drag between surface ocean water and the winds in the six major convection cells around the Earth create currents. Water accumulates (piles up) in the direction the wind is blowing, while gravity works to counteract this ...
How Is Pacific Northwest Climate Changing? (PDF)
How Is Pacific Northwest Climate Changing? (PDF)

... result in short-term trends that are opposite those expected from climate change, as evidenced by recent regional cooling and increases in spring snowpack. Recent studies have investigated trends in greater detail, and clarified the role of variability, in particular regarding changes in extremes, s ...
Read the article
Read the article

... and our recordings of climate events are often too short to make definite evaluations of their character. We do have a few good examples of recurring events with a periodicity of a few years to a few tens of years. The first may be exemplified by the ENSO events (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) in the ...
How is Circulation in Puget Sound Projected to Change?
How is Circulation in Puget Sound Projected to Change?

... among  models,  and  trends  are  generally  much  smaller  than  natural  year-­‐to-­‐year   variability.2  The  projected  decrease  in  summer  precipitation  would  accentuate  the   temperature-­‐driven  decrease  in  summer  streamflow.     ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... Wind-driven currents are produced by the interaction between the wind and the water • As wind moves across the water, air molecules collide with water molecules. • When they collide, energy [momentum] is transferred from the air to the water. • Water moves at about 3-4% of the wind ...
Unit 3 : Oceans
Unit 3 : Oceans

... climate and is discussed further below and in Section 4.) Cold water typically flows below warmer water, but when winds blowing along coastlines deflect warm surface currents away from shore through Ekman transport, they allow cold, nutrient-rich water to rise to the surface. This coastal upwelling ...
JMA/MRI
JMA/MRI

... for the disaster prevention and other adaptation studies under the global warming environment. • fill a gap between seasonal-tointerannual prediction and climate change projections • sufficiently high resolution projection is needed for resolve weather extremes • changes in weather extremes will bec ...
1. a) Climate Variability-Bd-Frog Extinctions b) Hydric restriction, Te
1. a) Climate Variability-Bd-Frog Extinctions b) Hydric restriction, Te

... climate and Bd-related extinctions, fluctuations around temporal trends in temperature and extinctions should also ...
The Thermohaline Circulation - The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt
The Thermohaline Circulation - The Great Ocean Conveyor Belt

... The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven mostly by the wind. In certain areas near t ...
Oceans of the World
Oceans of the World

... Lomonosov Ridge extends from northeastern Greenland to Central Siberia and separates the basins. The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by landmasses of Eurasia, North America, and Greenland, and is unlike the other three oceans because of the perennial ice cover. The extent of sea ice is seasonal between 6 ...
Ocean and Climate
Ocean and Climate

... 2% of the planetary water is frozen (ice sheets, sea ice, glaziers, permafrost), most of it is contained in ice sheets over land, Antarctica (89%), Greenland (8%), increasing the average Albedo. 7% of the ocean is covered by ice. Sea ice regulates heat exchange, moisture and salinity and insulates “ ...
Support Materials - Discovery Education
Support Materials - Discovery Education

... 2. How do oceans deal with the large amount of carbon dioxide produced by humans? What are some ideas that scientists have about the ways global warming will affect the oceans? Should shoreline communities be taking any actions regarding global warming? 3. Discuss why it is important to study ocean ...
PPT 1.6
PPT 1.6

... THE PROBLEM  An artisanal fleet exploits fisheries a few miles off the Uruguayan coast (in the estuarine front zone (EF) of the Río de la Plata (FIG. 1)  The location of the EF (therefore the accesibility of exploited resources) depends on ENSO-related variability of the river flow  Artisanal fi ...
PDO Annual has a period of 55-60 years
PDO Annual has a period of 55-60 years

... A striking feature of the UN IPCC and the US CCSP Reports is a unilateral presentation of information, with an almost exclusive concentration on greenhouse gases, and particularly on the man-made emissions of carbon dioxide, as the dominant cause of climate change and the recent modern warm period. ...
Exam 3 PRACTICE – Winter 2016 KEY
Exam 3 PRACTICE – Winter 2016 KEY

... a. In winter these waters are saltier and colder, and therefore denser, than deeper water b. All year long these waters are less dense than deeper waters c. In summer these waters are saltier and warmer, and therefore less dense, than deeper water d. The question is false; deep-ocean circulation is ...
Pacific Connections - University of St Andrews
Pacific Connections - University of St Andrews

... Epeli Hau'ofa criticized the belittling consequences of viewing the Pacific as comprising island states and territories that were too small, too poorly endowed, and too isolated and distant from the centres of economic growth, and thereby destined to a hopeless dependency on the assistance of wealth ...
Wind, Water, Weather and Seasons Test Review
Wind, Water, Weather and Seasons Test Review

... The  TEKS  that  will  be  assessed  on  this  exam  include:   8.10A  Recognize  that  the  sun  provides  the  energy  that  drives  convection  within  the  atmosphere  and   oceans,  producing  winds  and  ocean  currents.   8.10B   ...
Currents
Currents

... objects on the Earth. • Objects in the Northern Hemisphere are deflected to the right, while objects in the Southern Hemisphere are deflected to the ...
File
File

... Coral Bleaching - the loss of color in corals that occurs when stressed corals expel the algae that live in them. o Coral bleaching occurs because of Earth’s ______________ temperatures. Sea level is rising due to melting of ____________ and __________. The warmer the water, the less ______________ ...
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El Niño–Southern Oscillation

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