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Subordinate clauses, switch-reference, and tail-head
Subordinate clauses, switch-reference, and tail-head

... favoring null arguments (zero anaphora). De Vries (2005: 367) notes that in spontaneous speech, and in particular when expressing sequences of events, speakers of Papuan languages use nominals (nouns or anaphoric pronouns) very infrequently. When they do so, they normally express no more than one no ...
Nominal Clause - colliertech.org
Nominal Clause - colliertech.org

... who claim.perf.3Msg that-pn3Msg happen.perf.3Msg in Baghdad-gen *[ man ʾiddaʿa ʾanna fi baġdād-a ḥasala _₁ ]. who claim.perf.3Msg that in Baghdad-gen happen.perf.3Msg 'The meeting, Zeina said that she wonders who claimed that it took place in Baghdad.' ...
university of craiova - Universitatea din Craiova
university of craiova - Universitatea din Craiova

... interested in the relationship between the system and its possible uses. Functional grammar is a theory which will try to explain syntax and semantic principles in terms of the pragmatic purposes and requirements of verbal interaction. Functional grammars are used for a variety of tasks. First of al ...
doc - KISS Grammar
doc - KISS Grammar

... Writers sometimes ellipse finite verbs in compound constructions: The pain had gone from her heart and the weariness from her feet. The pain had gone {from her heart} and the weariness *had gone* {from her feet}. Sometimes, ellipsis involves information that appeared in a previous sentence: Jim was ...
Reflections on English personal pronouns
Reflections on English personal pronouns

... The pronoun you originally referred to a group of people including the hearer. In this capacity it may now be replaced by you all or youse in certain dialects. Today it replaces the obsolete thou (surviving only in the Quaker thee) in referring to a single hearer, although it still requires the plur ...
RESTRICTING LOGIC GRAMMARS WITH GOVERNMENT
RESTRICTING LOGIC GRAMMARS WITH GOVERNMENT

... stated quite simply: an English sentence can contain any combination of modal, perfective have, progressive be, and passive be, but when more than one of these is present, they must appear in the order given, and each of the elements of the sequence can appear at most once." These verbs occur before ...
complete paper - Cascadilla Proceedings Project
complete paper - Cascadilla Proceedings Project

... section three we examine the logophoric account and find that the logophoric principle does not explain why Yoruba has LDR while a language like English does not. In the following section we compare the behavior of the pronominal anaphor òun with the typology of LDRs established by Cole and Hermon ( ...
ParCor 1.1: Pronoun Coreference Annotation
ParCor 1.1: Pronoun Coreference Annotation

... some cases there will not be a subject so a “dummy” pronoun is required to fill the gap. For example in the following sentences the pronoun it does not refer to anything but is included as something is required by the syntax of the language in the subject position: • It is raining • It is well known ...
UNIVERSITY OF IRKUTSK
UNIVERSITY OF IRKUTSK

... Reduction of Adjective Clauses To Adjective Phrases. Changing An Adjective Clause To An Adjective Phrase. Hecadem Practices. Ex-s 32,33,34 p. 261-262. Sample TOEFL. Summing-up: Adjective Clauses. Preparation for the Test. Written ...
Classification of subordinate clauses
Classification of subordinate clauses

... Independent Sentences are in fact simple sentences, their name differing only according to the angle from which they are viewed. It is ten o’clock. I have to go to the airport. If linked by conjunctions, independent sentences become (more or less) independent clauses (in case of coordination, as par ...
Pronouns
Pronouns

... Those presenting comparisons: Collette drives faster than I. Collette likes Tina more than me. (The previous sentence means Collette likes Tina more than she likes me.) Those with who or whom. Who is always a subject; whom is always an object. Rick is the man who works at my company. Rick is the man ...
Pronouns
Pronouns

... Those presenting comparisons: Collette drives faster than I. Collette likes Tina more than me. (The previous sentence means Collette likes Tina more than she likes me.) Those with who or whom. Who is always a subject; whom is always an object. Rick is the man who works at my company. Rick is the man ...
Clausal coordinate ellipsis in German: The TIGER treebank as a
Clausal coordinate ellipsis in German: The TIGER treebank as a

... rule for these cases states that all non-contrastive major constituents are borrowed, except for negation elements (annotated by an NG edge). So we only needed to check whether the anterior clause included any non-contrastive major constituent that was not annotated as a secondary edge. FCR. Left-pe ...
An ERP study of the processing of subject and object relative
An ERP study of the processing of subject and object relative

... they hear or read them because there are many cues available early on, most notably a relative pronoun immediately following a head noun. In contrast, Japanese comprehenders cannot be certain that there is a RC noun structure until the appearance of its very last word, the head noun. Another importa ...
Business English At Work, 3/e
Business English At Work, 3/e

... Use the nominative case for a personal pronoun that is in apposition to a subject. The e-mail administrators—Hugh and she—maintain our computer system on the weekends. When an appositive follows a pronoun, choose the case of the pronoun that would be correct if the ...
Chapter 6 Sentence Structure and Punctuation The ACT English test
Chapter 6 Sentence Structure and Punctuation The ACT English test

... people should sleep on their sides, just the ones who snore. A “nonrestrictive” clause or phrase is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. It merely adds a parenthetical thought, and therefore, it needs to be separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. My father, who snores loudly, alw ...
University of Pardubice Faculty of Arts and Philosophy
University of Pardubice Faculty of Arts and Philosophy

... Before the description of non-finite clauses, it is worth mentioning the gerund. This term does not appear in some reference books at all. Mostly this term is replaced by the term “-ing participle” (the Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language) or “-ing form” (in the Longman Grammar of Spoken a ...
Option 5 - Apps With Curriculum
Option 5 - Apps With Curriculum

... • When it reaches its pincers up first, you act. • Before you can protest, Hawaiian shirt has bent over and scooped up the box. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc. ...
Participle - WordPress.com
Participle - WordPress.com

... c. Present Participle as Taking Relative Pronoun a. Present Participle as Attribute Has a function in front of a noun as a substitute adjective. ...
Toward an Aposynthesis of Topic Continuity and
Toward an Aposynthesis of Topic Continuity and

... describe mechanisms, linguistic or nonlinguistic, that language users employ to navigate the hearer’s attention in discourse. Topic continuity is derivative of attention structure in discourse. In this article, however, we have opted for the more transparent term “topic continuity,” as it describes ...
pronoun
pronoun

... yours, his, hers, ours, and theirs as modifiers before nouns. These pronouns stand alone and are separated from the nouns to which they refer. The responsibility is yours if an attachment with a virus is opened. ...
Varied Sentence Structure Activities with answer key
Varied Sentence Structure Activities with answer key

... D. a comma after "lanes" (1) Hundreds of people line up at Grand Central Terminal yesterday, but they weren't there to catch a train. (2) They came to trade in old dollar bills for the new George Washington Presidential $1 coin to New York City's famous railroad station. (3) By the U.S. Mint the gol ...
1 Liliane Haegeman UFR Angellier Introducing some basic
1 Liliane Haegeman UFR Angellier Introducing some basic

... omitting pronouns from her otherwise not particularly economical speech irritated him. He said rather sharply: 'Then whom do these keys belong to?' 'No good asking me. If she'd got a car left up in London, what'd she leave her keys about down here for? Oh, no, that car'd have been parked outside for ...
1. I know an old lady who swallowed a fly
1. I know an old lady who swallowed a fly

... and compares it to: Through winter, rides between Oslo and Hammerfest use thirty hours up in a bus, though why travellers would select to ride there then might be pondered. The explanation is provided by attention to COLLOCATION and COLLIGATION. For example, Hoey’s corpus tells him that: •59% of use ...
Complex sentences in Avatime
Complex sentences in Avatime

... (famprob_110401_MeD-BeK_story) ...
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Relative clause

A relative clause is a kind of subordinate clause that contains an element whose interpretation is provided by an antecedent on which the subordinate clause is grammatically dependent; that is, there is an anaphoric relation between the relativized element in the relative clause, and the antecedent on which it depends.Typically, a relative clause modifies a noun or noun phrase, and uses some grammatical device to indicate that one of the arguments within the relative clause has the same referent as that noun or noun phrase. For example, in the sentence I met a man who wasn't there, the subordinate clause who wasn't there is a relative clause, since it modifies the noun man, and uses the pronoun who to indicate that the same ""man"" is referred to within the subordinate clause (in this case, as its subject).In many European languages, relative clauses are introduced by a special class of pronouns called relative pronouns, such as who in the example just given. In other languages, relative clauses may be marked in different ways: they may be introduced by a special class of conjunctions called relativizers; the main verb of the relative clause may appear in a special morphological variant; or a relative clause may be indicated by word order alone. In some languages, more than one of these mechanisms may be possible.
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