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Relative clauses in Asante Twi
Relative clauses in Asante Twi

... In these examples, it is the 1SG subject prefix (underlined) which undergoes tonal alternation; in the indicative clause in (6), mì is produced with low tone, while it occurs with high tone in the relative clause in (7). Anecdotal evidence from my research suggests that tonal alternations within rel ...
clause analysis - mt
clause analysis - mt

... English Grammar ...
Appositives - KISS Grammar
Appositives - KISS Grammar

... excellent review and style exercises for eleventh graders. Each exercise includes at least one appositive. Not all the appositives are "advanced," but most of them are. The exercises are relatively short, but I have put each one on a separate page so that teachers can easily print an overhead of any ...
english a: writing the college essay
english a: writing the college essay

... planned for the weekend before an essay's due, make time to work on the essay before the weekend. ...
rules for - mrnicholsscience
rules for - mrnicholsscience

... fellow" rule (as opposed to "the little old lady"). If you can put an and or a but between the adjectives, a comma will probably belong there. For instance, you could say, "He is a tall and distinguished fellow" or "I live in a very old and rundown house." So you would write, "He is a tall, distingu ...
Optimality in Sentence Processing
Optimality in Sentence Processing

... particular ambiguities we look at may necessitate constraints on aspects of syntax that have not yet been explored in OT research. Due to this potential mismatch, we look to work in sentence processing to guide us in focusing on a subset of grammatical constraints relevant to the phenomena of intere ...
Frege: ON SENSE AND REFERENCE
Frege: ON SENSE AND REFERENCE

... having the idea. But to pursue this would take us too far afield. We can now recognize three levels of difference between words, expressions, or whole sentences. The difference may concern at most the ideas, or the sense but not the reference, or, finally, the reference as well. With respect to the ...
Adverb clause of manner answer the question
Adverb clause of manner answer the question

... a sentence. It can stand alone as a sentence by itself. An independent clause = subject + verb + Complement Ex: a. They play football. b. I eat more food today. Normally, I found independent clause in simple and compound sentences. 1.2 Dependent Clauses A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. ...
On the Interaction of Root Transformations and Lexical
On the Interaction of Root Transformations and Lexical

... On a descriptive plane this paper deals with an anti-root rule in Swedish (Ha deletion) and its German counterpart (Haben/Sein Deletion) and with the ordering of Wh-Movement and Subject Aux Inversion in English, which is commonly assumed to be 1. Wh-Movement 2. Subject AUX Inversion. It can be shown ...
Jr. AG: Mechanics sample unit
Jr. AG: Mechanics sample unit

... Each of our comma rules will have a "buzzword" that we'll use to refer to it. Our first rule is "items in a series." ITEMS IN A SERIES: Use commas in between items in a list or series. These can be individual words or prepositional phrases, but the list should always be made of grammatical equals (a ...
Lexical Splits in Finnish Possession
Lexical Splits in Finnish Possession

... In Finnish, pronominal possession is marked with both suxes and independent possessive pronouns. The interaction of suxes, independent possessive pronouns and non-pronominal possessors is complex and no existing analysis correctly accounts for all the relevant facts (Pierrehumbert (1980), Nevis (1 ...
Chapter 7: Linking syntax and semantics in complex sentences
Chapter 7: Linking syntax and semantics in complex sentences

... One final complication arises in examples like (7.8b) with respect to the interpretation of the pronoun his. It has long been noted that such sentences are ambiguous, because the second clause can be interpreted as meaning that Bill washed Sam’s car, that Bill washed his own car or that they washed ...
Participle Phrases
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... Participle phrases are understood to work as adjectives even when they seem to have very adverbial meanings such as the examples of present participles above. You may remember from the chapter on adjectives that participles can be used just like any adjective that comes after an article and before t ...
NOMINATIVE
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... Because words are marked with cases, there is no need for a nominative subject to be the first item in a sentence, as in English. The thing that identifies the subject is its nominative case, not its position; no matter where it is, it can be identified as nominative and therefore subject. As we wil ...
1 The syntax/morphology interface Heidi Harley, University of
1 The syntax/morphology interface Heidi Harley, University of

... are levels of representation and rules of grammatical structure dedicated to wordformation. Lexical insertion introduces these word forms into sentential syntactic structure, along with their concommitant feature structures. Conventions governing featural relationships in the syntactic structure enf ...
REFLEXIVITY IN ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 1
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... When a personal pronoun refers to the same referent as a preceding pronoun or noun phrase within the same clause, it is usually replaced by a self-form (Mackenzie, 2007, p. 148). For example, some English self-forms are ‘myself’, ‘himself’ and ‘themselves’. Following König & Gasts definition of self ...
TREE DIAGRAM (2)
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... Phrase followed by a Verb Phrase)  Draw a tree for the phrase Emma drinks  Here are two more phrase structure rules:  VP  V NP  NP  N  Think about that carefully  Now, draw a tree with more detail  For the sentence Emma drinks whisky Syntax Dr Alok K Das ...
Chapter ? Binding by Verbs: Tense, Person and Mood under Attitudes*
Chapter ? Binding by Verbs: Tense, Person and Mood under Attitudes*

... different languages discussed. 5.2.3 derives the English Sequence of Tense Rules, and 5.2.4 the Russian ones. Russian requires a special parameter. 5.3 is about temporal adverbs; they are generated in the temporal argument position, move for type reasons and thereby bind the tense. The next 3 sectio ...
Tips for Writing Theses for non
Tips for Writing Theses for non

... keep looking up what it means. • An abbreviation should be used often enough that the reader does not forget its meaning. ...
The Grammar of Karipúna Creole
The Grammar of Karipúna Creole

... 'It is there I had been, it is there I was staying.' (i.e., 'That is where I stayed.') li khaze-1 tut, li txue-l tut 2s squash-3s all 3s kill-3s all 'He squashed them all, he killed them all.' (8) Reason (A because B) li pa le bwé, li xo 3s Neg want drink 3s hot 'She didn't want to drink (it), (beca ...
Answer Key - Scholastic
Answer Key - Scholastic

... more than one form. It can exist as a solid, liquid or gas. All of these forms occur naturally. The liquid form is the one we think of most often. This is simply water as in the water that we drink or that comes out of a hose. The solid form, which is ice, exists in very cold places and the gaseous ...
General Semantics - Division of Social Sciences
General Semantics - Division of Social Sciences

... grammars for natural language. For that matter, they are not reasonable - the grammars for most artificial languages either exception being sym bolic logic in Polish notation. Hence, their despite elegance, categorial have largely been ignored since the early 1950's. Since then, we have become inter ...
- Scholarworks @ Morehead State
- Scholarworks @ Morehead State

... the cleft pronoun is not present in the initial syntactic structure; its purpose is to place emphasis on the cleft phrase. The it-as-subject analysis is distinguished by the linking of the cleft phrase with the cleft clause, a connection that does not exist in either the extraposition or the expleti ...
The case of German relatives
The case of German relatives

... In these examples, the subject NP (9a,b) or the object-NP (9c) is shared by the two clauses. Karg (1927) shows that in the vast majority of apokoinou-constructions, it is a nominative or an accusative NP which is shared, whereas shared genitive or dative NPs are very rare. Among the apokoinou-constr ...
The English relative clause - Machine Translation Archive
The English relative clause - Machine Translation Archive

... which each constituent must carry. These subscripts have the effect of imposing additional restrictions upon the choices of "Grammar Six." Those subscripts which are needed in order to coordinate restrictions on the expansion of more than one constituent are chosen before the construction is expande ...
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Sloppy identity

In linguistics, Sloppy Identity is an interpretive issue involved in contexts like Verb Phrase Ellipsis where the identity of the pronoun in an elided VP (Verb Phrase) is not identical to the antecedent VP.For example, English allows VPs to be elided, as in example 1). The elided VP can be interpreted in at least two ways, namely as in (1a) or (1b) for this example.In (1a), the pronoun his refers to John in both the first and the second clause. This is done by assigning the same index to John and to both the “his” pronouns. This is called the “strict identity” reading because the elided VP is interpreted as being identical to the antecedent VP.In (1b), the pronoun his refers to John in the first clause, but the pronoun his in the second clause refers to Bob. This is done by assigning a different index to the pronoun his in the two clauses. In the first clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with John, in the second clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with Bob. This is called the “sloppy identity” reading because the elided VP is not interpreted as identical to the antecedent VP.1) John scratched his arm and Bob did too.This sentence can have a strict reading:1) a. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisi arm] too.Or a sloppy reading:1) b. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisj arm] too.
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